Classification and
variation
Chapter 7
Biology
(1st week)
Common features
Compare a cow and a dolphin, you might think they do not have
many things in common but you will be surprised.
How many features common to both cows and dolphins
can you think of?
Common features
What is classification?
Cows and dolphins have several features in common.
Many other organisms also share common features.
Scientists use common features to put organisms into groups.
Grouping organisms based on their common features is called
classification.
The modern classification
method consists of 7 levels:
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species
•
•
Which is the
biggest group?
Which is the
smallest
group?
Helpful way to remember the 7 levels
•King Philip Came Over For Green
Skittles.
•Kids Playing Catch On Freeway
Get Squashed.
The classification system
The classification system begins with very big groups that
include a lot of organisms and then moves down to
smaller groups made up of fewer organisms.
The biggest groups are called the kingdoms.
All living things are classified into five different kingdoms.
living things
plants
animals
fungi
Monera
Protoctista
Classifying animals
How can different types of animals be classified?
Animal classification
The animal kingdom is divided into two groups:
Animals
Vertebrates
Vertebrates are animals
that have a backbone.
They have a firm body
because of the muscles
that connect to their
Skeleton (made of bone or
cartilage).
Invertebrates
Invertebrates are animals
that do not have a backbone.
They have soft inner bodies
which are held in shape by a
flexible covering of outer cells
or by a hard covering called
an exoskeleton.
Animal kingdom
Vertebrates
Echinoderms
Molluscs
Invertebrates
Arthropods
Nematode
worms
Annelid
worms
Flatworms
Jellyfish
Invertebrates
1) Arthropods
Myriapods
-
Have one pair of
antennae.
Have long
cylindrical or flat
bodies.
Many legs
Ex. Centipedes and
millipedes.
Crustaceans
-
Have two pair of
antennae.
Ex. Lobster and
woodlouse
Arachnids
Insects
-
-
Have one pair of
antennae.
Have three pairs of
legs.
They have up to two
pair of wings.
-
-
Includes spiders and
scorpions, mites
and ticks.
Do not have
antennae or wings.
Have four pairs of
legs.
2) Annelids
- They have long, thin, soft bodies divided into segments or rings.
- Example: Earthworms
3) Nematodes
- They have thin, cylindrical bodies not divided into segments or rings.
4) Jellyfish
5) Flatworm
6) Echinoderm
7) Molluscs
- The group gets the name from the Latin word mollis which means
soft.
- Most molluscs have a shell to protect their soft bodies.
- Examples: Snail, slug and octopus.
Animal kingdom
Vertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Invertebrates
Birds
Mammals
Vertebrates
1) Mammals
-
They have hair or fur.
They give birth to young.
They feed on their mothers’ milk.
Lungs to breathe in oxygen.
2) Fish
-
They have scales.
They have fins.
Lay eggs in water, some give birth.
Have gills.
3) Birds
-
Feathers
Lay eggs
Have lungs
Two legs
Have wings
4)
Amphibians
- Smooth moist skin.
- Lay eggs in water.
- Live part of their life in water
(young) and part on land (adults).
5) Reptiles
-
Dry skin.
Covered in scales.
Lungs
Some lay eggs, some give birth.