Name
Section
Date
1.1
Observing Living Things
Summary
Textbook pages 8–21
Before You Read
This section describes the signs that scientists look for to help them decide if something
is living or non-living. On the lines below, list two living things and then list two
non-living things.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
✏
◆
How can you tell if something is living or non-living?
Mark the Text
Identify Details
As you skim the section, use
one colour to highlight the
text or labels that talk about
parts of a microscope. Use
another colour to highlight
facts about microscopes.
All living things have certain characteristics in common.
Something is living if it has all of these characteristics:
◆
responds to its environment
◆
needs energy
◆
grows
◆
reproduces
◆
gets rid of wastes that build up in its body
Another name for a living thing is organism. All organisms
are made up of cells. A cell is the smallest living part of a
living thing. Single-celled organisms are called unicellular.
Organisms made of many cells are called multicellular.
How can you see cells?
✔
●
Reading Check
1. What are two things that a
microscope does?
___________________
___________________
___________________
2
MHR • Section 1.1
Most cells are too small to see with just your eyes. You need
a microscope to see them. At school you use a compound
light microscope. It is a compound microscope because it
combines two lenses. It is a light microscope because it uses
light to view an object. A compound light microscope is
shown on the next page.
A microscope helps you focus two objects or details that
are close together. This is called resolving power. A
microscope also makes an object seem larger than it is. This
is called magnification power. When you look into a
microscope, the object you see is magnified, reversed, and
turned upside down (inverted). ●
✔
Observing Living Things
© 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Section
Name
1.1
Date
Summary
continued
A. eyepiece: has a lens you look through
to magnify the image made by
an objective lens
E. arm: supports the eyepiece
B. objective lenses: lenses with
different magnification power
to magnify the object
F. coarse focus knob:
focusses an object at low
or medium power
C. stage: a platform for
the object you view
D. light source: shines light
through the object you view
G. fine focus knob: focusses
an object at high power
The eyepiece lens often has a magnification power of 10×.
This means that an object seems ten times larger when you
look at it with the lens. Each objective lens has its own power
of magnification. The low-power lens is 4×. The mediumpower lens is 10×. The high-power lens is 40×.
How large does an object look when you combine the
eyepiece lens with each objective lens? Use the table below
to find out. ●
✔
Power of objective
lens
Power of Calculation (power
eyepiece of objective lens
lens
multiplied by
power of eyepiece
lens)
low power: 4×
10×
Total magnification
of the lens
combination
✔
●
Reading Check
2. How large will an object
look if you use a 4×
eyepiece lens with a
low-power objective lens?
___________________
4 × 10 = 40
40×
___________________
medium power: 10×
10×
10 × 10 = 100
100×
high power: 40×
10×
40 × 10 = 400
400×
___________________
Are there stronger types of microscopes?
A light microscope can magnify an object up to 2000×. An
electron microscope is much stronger. An electron
microscope uses electrons instead of light to make an object
look larger. One type of electron microscope is called a
scanning electron microscope. It can magnify an object up
to 200 000×.
A camera or a monitor can be hooked up to an electron
microscope. The picture that appears on the camera film or
on the screen is called an electron micrograph. Many of the
pictures in Chapter 1 of BC Science 8 are electron
micrographs.
© 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Section 1.1
Observing Living Things • MHR
3
Name
Date
Analyzing
Information
Section 1.1
Use with textbook page 11.
Characteristics of living things
List five characteristics of living things. Give an example for each characteristic.
Characteristic of living
things
Example
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4
MHR • Section 1.1
Observing Living Things
© 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Name
Interpreting
Illustrations
Section 1.1
Date
Use with textbook page 12.
The compound light microscope
Identify the following parts of a compound light microscope.
4. ____________________________
5. _____________________
3. _____________________
6. ___________________
2. _________________________
1. __________________________
7. ___________________
© 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Section 1.1
Observing Living Things • MHR
5
Name
Date
Cloze
Activity
Section 1.1
Use with textbook pages 11–14.
Microscopes
Vocabulary
magnification power
objective lenses
resolving power
reversed
right side up
upside down
coarse focus knob
compound light microscope
electron micrograph
eyepiece
fine focus knob
light source
Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. Use each term only once.
You will not need to use all the terms.
1. The _______________________________________ is the microscope usually used in
science classes and medical laboratories.
2. The _______________________________________ is used for viewing and contains a
lens that magnifies.
3. The _______________________________________ brings an object into focus at low or
medium power.
4. The _______________________________________ brings an object into focus at high
power.
5. The _______________________________________ have different magnification power to
magnify the object.
6. The _______________________________________ supplies the light needed to view the
slide.
7. The ability to distinguish between objects that are very close together is called
_______________________________________.
8. When you look through a microscope, you will observe an image that is magnified,
____________________________________, and ___________________________________.
9. A(n) _______________________________________ is a picture taken by a camera
hooked up to an electron microscope.
6
MHR • Section 1.1
Observing Living Things
© 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Name
Assessment
Section 1.1
Date
Use with textbook pages 8–21.
Observing living things
Match each Term on the left with the best
Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor may be
used only once.
10. Which of the following is not a use of a
microscope?
A. magnifies distant objects
B. magnifies objects that are close together
C. magnifies unicellular organisms
D. magnifies cells
Term
Descriptor
1. ______ compound
light
microscope
2. ______ objective
lenses
3. ______ eyepiece
4. ______ stage
5. ______ arm
6. ______ total
magnification
7. ______ resolving
power
A. power of the objective
lens multiplied by the
power of the eyepiece
B. has two sets of lenses
C. used for viewing and
magnifying the image
D. ability to distinguish
between two objects that
are very close to each
other
E. supports the eyepiece
F. have different
magnification powers to
magnify the object
G. supports the slide
Circle the letter of the best answer.
8. Which of the following is not a
characteristic of living things?
11. Which of the following best describes an
electron micrograph?
A. a type of electron microscope
B. a camera hooked up to an electron
microscope
C. a picture shown on a screen hooked up
to an electron microscope
D. a scanning electron microscope
12. If the objective lens is 40× and the eyepiece
lens is 10×, what is the total magnification?
A. 400×
B. 40×
C. 10×
D. 4×
13. If the objective lens is 10× and the eyepiece
lens is 10×, what is the total magnification?
A. needs energy
A. 10×
B. hunts for food
B. 100×
C. grows
C. 1000×
D. reproduces
D. 20×
9. What is the difference between a unicellular
and a multicellular organism?
A. size of cells
B. structure of cells
C. shape of cells
D. number of cells
© 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Section 1.1
Observing Living Things • MHR
7