N.S.S. COLLEGE, RAJAKUMARI
KULAPPARACHAL P.O. - 685619
IDUKKI (Dist.), KERALA
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project report entitled
projectname
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Computer Applications of Mahatma Gandhi University is a
bonafide record of project work done by name
(Reg.No: 170021096823)
and name (Reg.No: 170021096840), under my guidance and supervision.
Head of the department
Dr. Shyam Kumar K.
Associate Professor,
Department of Computer Applications,
NSS College, Rajakumari.
Guide
Dr. Ajitha R.S.,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Applications,
NSS College, Rajakumari
External Examiner
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 1
DECLARATION
We, name (Reg. No.170..) and name (Reg. No.), S5 B.C.A. hereby declare
that this project report entitled
“Projectname “
is a bonafide record of project
work done by me in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Computer Applications , under the guidance of Dr. Ajitha R.S.,
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Applications, NSS College
Rajakumari.
I further declare that no part of it has been formed as the basis for the award
of any degree, diploma or any other similar title of any university or institution to
any person.
RAJAKUMARY
name(register number)
Name(register number)
S5 BCA
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Rajakumary
Name(reg. no.)
Name(reg.no.)
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 3
ABSTRACT
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1.
Page
INTRODUCTION
2.
1
1.1 Preamble
1
1.2 About The Project
2
1.3 About The Organisation
3
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
2.1.Existing System
2.2. Drawbacks of Existing System
2.3. Proposed System
2.4. Advantages of Proposed System
3.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
3.1 Economic Feasibility
3.2 Technical Feasibility
3.3 Behavioral Feasibility
4.
SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1. Modules Design
4.2 Data Flow Diagram for the project and Explanation
.
4.3 Database Design
4.4 Table Design
4.5 Normalization Principles used
4.6 Tables
5.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SELECTION
5.1. Front-End :
5.2. Back-End :
5.3. Hardware Specification
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 5
6.
CODING
6.1 Input Forms Design
6.2 Selected Code
6.3 Output Reports Design
7.
SYSTEM TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION
7.1. Unit testing
7.2 Integration testing
7.3. System testing
7.4. Validation testing
7.5. Implementation
8.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
APPENDIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 6
1.INTRODUCTION
1.2 ABOUT THE PROJECT
This project is aimed to develop an online Blood Bank Management System.
The Blood
Donation Agent is to create an e-Information about the donor that are related to donating the blood.
Through this application any person who is interested in donating the blood can register himself
with this site. Moreover if any general consumer wants to make request blood online he can also
take the help of this site…………………………….
1.3 ABOUT THE ORGANISATION
We have done our system study in Morning Star Medical Center Blood Bank in Adimali,
Kerala. It is a licensed firm for blood bank. They donate blood with the certificate of the Medical
Officer. Here homologous donations are done, ie; a standard whole blood donation.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 7
2.SYSTEM ANALYSIS
2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM
2.2 DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEM
2.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM
.
2.4 ADVANTAGE OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 8
3. FEASIBILITY STUDY
Preliminary investigation examine project feasibility, the likelihood the system will be useful
to the organization. The main objective of the feasibility study is to test the Economical, Technical
and Behavioral feasibility for adding new modules and debugging old running system. All system
is feasible if they are unlimited resources and infinite time. There are aspects in the feasibility
study portion of the preliminary investigation:

Economic Feasibility

Technical Feasibility

Behavioral Feasibility
3.1 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
.
3.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
3.3 BEHAVIORAL FEASIBILITY
Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can beturned out into information system. That
will meet the organization’s operating requirements. Operational feasibility aspects of the
project are to be taken as an important part of the project implementation. Some of the
important issues raised are to test the operational feasibility of a project includes the
following:  Is there sufficient support for the management from the users?
 Will the system be used and work properly if it is being developed and implemented?
 Will there be any resistance from the user that will undermine the possible application
benefits?
This system is targeted to be in accordance with the above-mentioned issues. Beforehand,
the management issues and user requirements have been taken into consideration. So there is no
question of resistance from the users that can undermine the possible application benefits.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 9
The well-planned design would ensure the optimal utilization of the computer resources
and would help in the improvement of performance status.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 10
4.
SYSTEM DESIGN
System design is a solution or approach for the creation of a new system. Design provides the
understanding and procedural details necessary for the implementation of the system
recommended in the system study. During the system design, the emphasis is on translating the
performance requirements into design specifications. System design covers two phases, logical
design and physical design.
System design goes through two phases of development, logical and physical design.
The DFD shows the logical flow of the system and defines the boundaries of the system .The
physical design covers review the current physical system , prepares output specification, prepares
input specification, prepares edit, security and control specification, specifies the implementation
plan, prepares a logical design walkthrough of the information flow and review benefits ,costs,
target data and system constraints.
The design phase covers
Review of the current physical system. Prepare the output specification that determining the format
content and frequency of the reports including the terminal specification etc. Prepares the input
specification. Prepares the edit control and security specification. Specifies the implementation
plan. Prepares the logical design walk through of the information flow, output, input controls and
the implementation plan.
4.1 MODULES DESIGN
This project deals with management of donation in offline. The activities of this
project may include managing stock based on activities of donation , purchase, and other
activities .The existing system is partially computerized due to the difficulties of existing
system we have to introduce new proposed system . The existing system is prone to error.
It is time consuming it is very difficult to produce the report. The objective and scope of
the proposed system is to record the activities of the user.
In this project there three modules;
1.ADMIN
Admin can add, view the details of donors and patients, can manage blood stock details,
manage donor and patient details registeration and other activities related to blood bank.
2.DONORS
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 11
Donors can register to blood bank online with their details including personnel details,
medical details, also they can donate blood and view the whole details. Donors can also
login with their username and password.
3. PATIENTS
Patients can login with username and password. They use the id and their phone
number, view their personal details and can have blood bag booking facility.
4.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and analyze movement of data through a
system. These are the central tool and the basis from which the other components are developed.
The transformation of data from input to output, through processed, may be described logically
and independently of physical components associated with the system. These are known as the
logical data flow diagrams.
The physical data flow diagrams show the actual implements and movement of data between
people, departments and workstations. A full description of a system actually consists of a set of
data flow diagrams. Using two familiar notations Yourdon, Gane and Sarson notation develops
the data flow diagrams. Each component in a DFD is labeled with a descriptive name. Process is
further identified with a number that will be used for identification purpose.
The development of DFD’S is done in several levels. Each process in lower level diagrams can be
broken down into a more detailed DFD in the next level. The lop-level diagram is often called
context diagram. It consists a single process bit, which plays vital role in studying the current
system. The process in the context level diagram is exploded into other process at the first level
DFD.
The idea behind the explosion of a process into more process is that understanding at one level of
detail is exploded into greater detail at the next level. This is done until further explosion is
necessary and an adequate amount of detail is described for analyst to understand the process.
Larry Constantine first developed the DFD as a way of expressing system requirements in a
graphical from, this lead to the modular design.
A DFD is also known as a “bubble Chart” has the purpose of clarifying system requirements and
identifying major transformations that will become programs in system design. So it is the starting
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 12
point of the design to the lowest level of detail. A DFD consists of a series of bubbles joined by
data flows in the system.
Basic Data Flow Diagram Symbols
A direct line represents a flow of data
Circles stands for process that converts data into information. A
process represents transformation where incoming data flows are changed into outgoing data
flows.
Source is represented by square. A source is a person or part of an
organization which enter or receives information from the system, but is considered to be outside
the contest of data flow model.
An open-ended rectangle represents a data store
CONSTRUCTING A DFD:
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 13
Several rules of thumb are used in drawing DFD’S:
1. Process should be named and numbered for an easy reference. Each name should be
representative of the process.
2. The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right. Data traditionally flow from
source to the destination although they may flow back to the source. One way to indicate this
is to draw long flow line back to a source. An alternative way is to repeat the source symbol as
a destination. Since it is used more than once in the DFD it is marked with a short diagonal.
3. When a process is exploded into lower level details, they are numbered.
4. The names of data stores and destinations are written in capital letters. Process and dataflow
names have the first letter of each work capitalized
A DFD typically shows the minimum contents of data store. Each data store should contain all the
data elements that flow in and out.
Questionnaires should contain all the data elements that flow in and out. Missing interfaces
redundancies and like is then accounted for often through interviews.
SAILENT FEATURES OF DFD’S
1. The DFD shows flow of data, not of control loops and decision are controlled
considerations do not appear on a DFD.
2. The DFD does not indicate the time factor involved in any process whether the dataflow
take place daily, weekly, monthly or yearly.
3. The sequence of events is not brought out on the DFD.
RULES GOVERNING THE DFD’S
PROCESS
1) No process can have only outputs.
2) No process can have only inputs. If an object has only inputs than it must be a sink.
3) A process has a verb phrase label.
DATA STORE
1) Data cannot move directly from one data store to another data store, a process must
move data.
2) Data cannot move directly from an outside source to a data store, a process, which
receives, must move data from the source and place the data into data store
3) A data store has a noun phrase label.
SOURCE OR SINK
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 14
The origin and /or destination of data.
1) Data cannot move direly from a source to sink it must be moved by a process
2) A source and /or sink has a noun phrase land
DATA FLOW
1) A Data Flow has only one direction of flow between symbols. It may flow in both
directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an update. The later
is usually indicated however by two separate arrows since these happen at different
type.
2) A join in DFD means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or more
different processes data store or sink to a common location.
3) A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leads. There must be atleast
one other process that handles the data flow produce some other data flow returns the
original data into the beginning process.
4) A Data flow to a data store means update (delete or change).
5) A data Flow from a data store means retrieve or use.
Context diagram
DONOR
response
response
PATIENT
request
request
BLOOD
BANK
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
response
EMPLOYEE
request
13
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 15
LEVEL ONE
Enter DONOR registration information
DONOR
Manage
ment
Booking
and
purchase
DONOR
Manageme
nt
EMPLOYEE
Enter userid
and password
LOGIN
Employee
Manageme
nt
STOCK
Manage
ment
PATIENT
Donor Details
Booking Details
Purchase
Details
Employee
Details
Stock Details
PATIENT
Enter PATIENT registration information
Managem
ent
Patient Details
15
LEVEL TWO
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 16
1 . DONOR MANAGEMENT
Enter donor
info
REGISTRATION
Update donor info
DONOR
Donor info
Retrieve donor info
donor details
Update
donor
info
17
1 . DONOR MANAGEMENT
Enter donor
info
REGISTRATION
Update donor info
DONOR
Donor info
Retrieve donor info
donor details
Update
donor
info
17
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 17
PATIENT MANAGEMENT
2.
Enter patient
info
REGISTRATION
Update patient info
PATIENT
Patient info
Retrieve patient info
patient details
Update
patient
info
20
3 . BOOKING AND PURCHASE MANAGEMENT
purchase details
Donor
booking
Booking details
details
Patient
purchase details
Retrieve
Patient
info
Retrieve book
details
Booking
Managem
ent
Purchase
Managem
ent
Retrieve
Purchase
info
Employee
Enter purchase
info
Exchange
Blood
Bill
Generation
donor
details
Bill
bill
info
Donor
21
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 18
4 . STAFF MANAGEMENT
staff details
Retrieve staff info
ADD
EMPLOYEE
Update staff info
Enter staff info
Staff info
Update staff
info
22
E R DIAGRAM
ER Diagram (Entity relationship diagram) is a visual representation of data that
describes data is related to each other. E R Diagrams are used to represent between entity
sets.
The following Symbols are used in E-R diagram,
1. Entity
An entity can be any object, place, and person. In ER-diagram an entity is represented
using rectangles.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 19
2. Relationship
A relationship describes relations between entities. Relationship is represented using
diamonds.
3. Attribute
A attribute describes a property or characteristic of an entity. An attribute represented using
oval shaped box (ellipse) and are connected to entities or relationship by lines.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 20
bagid
quantit
y
quantity
Ddate
Ndate
Bid
DONATES
Pid
weigh
t
Did
DONOR
Tid
BOOKED
Blood
group
dname
Under
go
BLOOD
Tname
TEST
PATIENT
PURCHASED
Purchase
id
Blood
group
pname
Purchase
date
Quantit
y
PAID
Max
value
Min
value
BILL
CONDUCTED
BY
EMPLOYEE
Billing
date
billid
sname
No of
bag
Phno
address
Employee
id
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 21
4.3 DATABASE DESIGN
Database design is an important activity in design. The efficiency of the system lies in the
efficiency of the database. The database design consists of predetermining number of tables that
are to be used and fields that are to be used in each table. The efficiency of the system to retrieve
the appropriate data depends on how the fields are specified and the coding mostly depends on
format of the database. To group the given data and to give them a logical structure, a database
design is necessary. The overall objective in the development of a database is to treat data as an
organized resource and is an integrated whole.
A database is a collection of interrelated data stored minimum redundancy to serve many users
quick and efficiently. The general objective is to make information access easy, quick, inexpensive
and flexible for the users. In this project, we are mainly concentrated into relational database.
Relational database stores data in table, which is turn, are composed of rows also known as
records, columns also known as fields. The fields in relational models are,
Primary key-The key which uniquely identify records. They also known notify the not null
constraint.
Foreign key-The key references the primary key, is the data inserted in the primary key
column of the table.
The general theme is to handle information as an integrated whole, with a minimum of
redundancy and improved performance,
Some general objective in establishing a database are follows:
 Eliminating existing data files.
 Share data among all users.
 Incorporate changes easily and quickly.
 Provide data security from unauthorized use.
 Simplify the use of data files.
 Lower the cost of storing retrieving the data.
 Improve accuracy and consistency.
 Provide data security for unauthorized use.
A complete database management system separates definition of data from programs. The
concept of data independence is one of the key advantage of a database management system. With
a DBMS, it is possible to design file structure much more easily and to set up a database that can
be used by a number of different application. As a result, the system increases programming
productivity.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 22
The choice of a particular database management system is complicated. In this system a
relational data model is used because of the many features it offers. Relational data model can be
analyzed formally, which gives them a strong foundation and some degree of standardization
across implementation.
Data directory specifies the major element in the system, and care should be taken, while
designing, in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of data. The entire package depends on how
the data is maintained in the system. Several tables are maintaining the system to store data those
are required for the processing of various data as well as storing intermediate for the final
processed results. Different modules to meet their needs access these stored data.
4.4 TABLE DESIGN
Table is a collection of data. These data are saved in row and column. The data of each row
are different units. Hence, rows are called RECORDS and column of each row is called FIELDS.
Some of the major task in computer system is to and manage data. Data stored in table.
1. Login Table
FIELDNAME
DATATYPE
SIZE
CONSTRAINTS
Username
varchar
30
Not NULL
Password
varchar
20
Not NULL
Role
varchar
10
Not NULL
2.Donor Table
FIELDNAME
DATATYPE
SIZE
Did
varchar
10
Dname
varchar
30
DBgroup
varchar
5
Not null
Blood Group
Weight
number
3
Not null
Weight
DOB
date
Not null
Date of birth
Gender
varchar
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
6
CONSTRAINTS
Primary key
DESCRIPTION
Donor id
Donor name
Gender
Page 23
Address
varchar
30
Address
City
varchar
20
City
Phno
number
10
Status
varchar
12
LDdate
date
Not null
Phone number
Status
volunteer)
(volunteer/not
Last Donated Date if
volunteer
3. Blood stock table
FIELDNAME
DATATYPE
SIZE
CONSTRAINTS
DESCRIPTION
Did
varchar
10
Foreign key
Donor id
Quantity
number
3
Not null
Quantity of blood
taken
Donated date
date
Bagid
varchar
Expiry date
date
Donated date
10
Primary key
Blood bag id
Not null
Expiry
blood
date
of
4.Employee Table
FIELDNAME
DATATYPE
Staff_id
varchar
10
Primary key
Staff id
Staff_name
varchar
15
Not null
Staff name
Address
varchar
30
Staff_phno
bigint
10
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
SIZE
CONSTRAINTS
DESCRIPTION
Address
Not null
Staff
number
phone
Page 24
5.PATIENT DETAILS
FIELDNAME DATATYPE
SIZE
CONSTRAINTS
DESCRIPTION
Pid
varchar
10
Primary key
Patient id
Pname
varchar
30
PBgroup
varchar
5
Gender
varchar
6
Gender of patient
Address
varchar
30
address
Phno
bigint
10
Patient name
Not null
Not null
Patient
group
Patient
number
blood
phone
6. BOOKING TABLE
FIELDNAME
DATATYPE
SIZE
CONSTRAINTS
DESCRIPTION
Bid
varchar
10
Primary key
Booking id
Pid
varchar
10
Foreign key
Patient id
Needed_date
date
Not null
Needed date
Quantity
number
3
Not null
Quantity needed
Doctor_name
varchar
15
Doctor name
Purpose
varchar
25
Purpose for blood
Booking_date
date
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Not null
Booking date
Page 25
7. BILLING DETAILS
FIELD NAME
DATATYPE
SIZE
CONSTRAINTS
DESCRIPTION
Billid
varchar
10
Primary key
Billing id
Pid
varchar
10
Foreign key
Patient id
No.of.bags
number
10
Not null
Number of bags
Amount
number
3
Not null
Total amount
Billing_date
date
Not null
Date of billing
4.5 NORMALIZATION
One of the major tasks in designing a relational database is normalization. The process of
normalization ensures that there will not be problems in updating the database and the operation of
the various relations will not lead to inconsistent and incorrect data.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 26
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database .The includes creating tables
and establishing relationship between those tables according to rules designed both to protect data
and to make the database more flexible by eliminating two factors: Redundancy and inconsistent
dependency.
Redundant data wastes disks space and creates maintenance problems. If data exists in
more than one place must be changed, the data must be changed in exactly the same way in all
locations.
There are few rules for database normalization. Each rule is called a “normal form”, if the
first rule is observed, the database is said to be in “first normal form” .If three rules are observed
,the database is considered as in the “third normal form” .
First Normal Form

Eliminate repeating groups in individual tables.
In this system here we eliminate all the repeating groups from the database. Also all the
tables contain at least one of the fields that can be uniquely identified. In the system, we
split the student details, course details, fees details, instructor details, office staff details, etc
… in to separate tables .So the system’s database is in its first normal form.
Second Normal Form

A relation is said to be in 2NF if it is in 1NF and non key attributes are functionally
dependent on the key attributes.
In this system, It is described above that it is in first normal form, all the tables that
are split like the course table, fees table have established a relation with the student table.
The instructor table establishes a relation with the course table. Since the tables in the
database are functionally dependent on the key attributes. The system is in second normal
form.
Third Normal Form
Third normal form normalization will be needed where all attributes in a relation tuple are
not functionally dependent only on the key attribute. If two non key attributes are
functionally dependent then there will be unnecessary duplication of data. Eliminates fields
that do not depend on the key. Values in record that are not part of that record’s key do
not belong in the table. In general, any time the contents of a group of fields may apply
to more than a single record in the table, consider placing those fields in a separate table.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 27
During the normalization process, first check whether the relations are in the first normal
form, then in the second and finally in the third normal form. To confirm to second and
third normal forms, each non key fields must gives us information about the entire key.
Thus normalization creates a database in which there is minimum redundancy of data.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 28
5. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SELECTION
Software Specification
Operating System
:
Windows 10
IDE
:
Visual studio 2013
Front End
:
ASP.NET WITH C# code behind
Back End
:
SQL Server 2014
Web Server
:
IIS 7.0
Web Browser
:
Google Chrome
Internet Technologies
:
Javascript, C#, PYTHON, PHP, HTML, CSS
Hardware Specification
An important matter in building an application is selecting hardware and software. The
hardware drives the software to facilitate solutions. Factors like cost performance etc are taken into
consideration during the purchase of the hardware component for any computerized system.
Hardware requirements needs for the system
Processor
:
Pentium 1.80 GHz or more
RAM
:
4GB
Hard disk
:
90 GB
Monitor
:
SVGA Color
Keyboard
:
104 Keys
Mouse
:
Optical
5.1 Front End
The front end is an interface between the user and the back end. The front and back ends may be
distributed amongst one or more systems.
In network computing, front end can refer to any hardware that optimizes or protects network
traffic. It is called application Front-end hardware because it is placed on the network's outwardfacing front end or boundary. Network traffic passes through the front-end hardware before
entering the network.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 29
In compilers, the front end translates a computer programming source code into an intermediate
representation, and the back end works with the intermediate representation to produce code in a
computer output language. The back end usually optimizes to produce code that runs faster. The
front-end/back-end distinction can separate the parser section that deals with source code and the
back end that generates code and optimizes.
These days, front-end development refers to the part of the web users interact with. In the past,
web development consisted of people who worked with Photoshop and those who could code
HTML and CSS. Now, developers need a handle of programs like Photoshop and be able to code
not only in HTML and CSS, but also JavaScript or jQuery, which is a compiled library of
JavaScript.
Most of everything you see on any website is a mixture of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, which are
all controlled by the browser. For example, if you’re using Google Chrome or Firefox, the browser
is what translates all of the code in a manner for you to see and with which to interact, such as
fonts, colors, drop-down menus, sliders, forms, etc. In order for all of this to work, though, there
has to be something to support the front-end; this is where the backend comes into play.
1.PHP:Introduction
PHP is now officially known as “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”. It is a server-side scripting
language usually written in an HTML context. Unlike an ordinary HTML page, a PHP script is not
sent directly to a client by the server; instead, it is parsed by the PHP binary or module, which is
server-side installed. HTML elements in the script are left alone, but PHP code is interpreted and
executed. PHP code in a script can query databases, create images, read and write files, talk to
remote servers – the possibilities is endless. The output from PHP code is combined with the
HTML in the script and the result sent to the user’s web-browser, therefore it can never tell the
user whether the web-server uses PHP or not, because the entire browser sees is HTML.
PHP’s support for Apache and MySQL further increases its popularity. Apache is now the
most-used web-server in the world, and PHP can be compiled as an Apache module. MySQL is a
powerful free SQL database, and PHP provides a comprehensive set of functions for working with
it. The combination of Apache, MySQL and PHP is all but unbeatable.
That doesn’t mean that PHP cannot work in other environments or with other tools. In fact,
PHP supports an extensive list of databases and web-servers. While in the mid-1990s it was ok to
build sites, even relatively large sites, with hundreds of individual hard-coded HTML pages,
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 30
today’s webmasters are making the most of the power of databases to manage their content more
effectively and to personalize their sites according to individual user preferences.
Reasons for using PHP
There are some indisputable great reasons to work with PHP. As an open source product, PHP is
well supported by a talented production team and a committed user community. Furthermore, PHP
can be run on all the major operating systems with most servers.
a) Learning PHP is easy
Basic is easy any interpreted language should be easy to learn. Since you are isolated from the
system (no pointers to use, no memory to allocate). The other advantage that all modern
interpreted languages share is good associative array constructs.
b) Its Performance
While we can build an application that serves millions of pages a day on a server, when we really
look at the performance of the language it sucks. We are still orders of magnitude from real
performance. Not only that, but since PHP is designed around a single process model our ability to
share data structures or connection pool resources is left to native code libraries.
•
The low cost
There are many languages which are available at very less cost. There are some languages which
are available at very less cost like below:
•
PHP
•
C
•
C++ etc
d) It’s Open Source, We can modify it
We can modify it if you need a hole in your head! Technically the point is that it’s an open source
project and they release patches often. You’re point is that the community is actively working out
the bugs. So, what any active language is doing this...
Unfortunately C, C++ and Perl have all “died” at this point and will pretty much remain static at
their current functionality.
Its Portability
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 31
C is portable; it’s just the OS bits that aren’t. A lot PHP isn’t portable to Windows since people
don’t use the OS abstractions to avoid some problems.
It has interfaces to a large variety of database systems
PHP supports a large variety of the database.
Support available
Online Support is available for using PHP.
2. HTML:Introduction
HTML or Hyper Text Markup Language is the standard markup language used to create web
pages.
HTML was created in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in Switzerland. It was designed to allow
scientists to display and share their research.
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets(like
<html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although some tags
represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start
tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags).
The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or
audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the
content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with cues for
presentation, making it a markup language rather than a programming language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects to be
embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured
documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links,
quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such as Java Script which affect
the behavior of HTML web pages.
HTML is descriptive markup language. Library of various markup languages is defined in various
browsers.
a) HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value
of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 32
Syntax for defining an image:
<imgsrc="url" alt="some_text">
b) HTML FORMS
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
The <form> tag is used to create
an HTML form:
<form>
.
input_elements
.
</form>
An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit
buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label
elements.
c) Image tag (<img>) :
To add an image to an HTML document, we just need to include an <IMG> tag with a reference to
the desired image. The <IMG> tag is an empty element i.e. it doesn’t require a closing tag and we
can use it to include from small icons to large images.
Syntax: <imgsrc=”URL” alt=”alternative text”>
d) HTML Lists :
An ordered list:
•
The first list item
•
The second list item
•
The third list item
An unordered list:
•
List item
•
List item
•
List item
4.2.3 HTML 5
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 33
HTML5 will be the new standard for HTML. The previous version of HTML, HTML 4.01,
came in 1999. The web has changed a lot since then. HTML5 is still a work in progress.
However, the major browsers support many of the new HTML5 elements and APIs.
HTML5 is cooperation between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web
Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG).
WHATWG was working with web forms and applications, and W3C was working with
XHTML 2.0. In 2006, they decided to cooperate and create a new version of HTML.
Some rules for HTML5 were established:
a) New features should be based on HTML, CSS, DOM, and JavaScript
b) Reduce the need for external plug-ins (like Flash)
c) Better error handling
d) More markup to replace scripting
e) HTML5 should be device independent
f) The development process should be visible to the public
2.CSS
Introduction
CSS tutorial or CSS 3 tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of CSS technology. Our CSS
tutorial is developed for beginners and professionals. The major points of CSS are given below:
•
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet.
•
CSS is used to design HTML tags.
•
CSS is a widely used language on the web.
•
HTML, CSS and JavaScript are used for web designing. It helps the web designers to apply
style on HTML tags.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and
formatting of a document written in a markup language. While most often used to style web pages
and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any kind
of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a cornerstone specification of the
web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to describe their presentation.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document
presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve
content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 34
characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in
the structural content (such as by allowing for table less web design).
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering
methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen
reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used to allow the web page to display
differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed. While the author of
a document typically links that document to a CSS file, readers can use a different style sheet,
perhaps one on their own computer, to override the one the author has specified.
With plain HTML you define the colors and sizes of text and tables throughout your pages. If you
want to change a certain element you will therefore have to work your way through the document
and change it. With CSS you define the colors and sizes in "styles". Then as you write your
documents you refer to the styles. Therefore: if you change a certain style it will change the look of
your entire site. Another big advantage is that CSS offers much more detailed attributes than plain
HTML for defining the look and feel of your site.
4. JAVASCRIPT
Introduction
JavaScript (JS) is a dynamic computer programming language. It is most commonly used as part
of web browsers, whose implementations allow client-side scripts to interact with the user, control
the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that is displayed. It is
also being used in server-side network programming (with Node.js), game development and the
creation of desktop and mobile applications.
JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and has first-class
functions. Its syntax was influenced by C. JavaScript copies many names and naming conventions
from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have very different semantics. The
key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the Self and Scheme programming
languages. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional
programming styles.
The application of JavaScript in use outside of web pages—for example, in PDF documents, sitespecific browsers, and desktop widgets—is also significant. Newer and faster JavaScript VMs and
platforms built upon them (notably Node.js) have also increased the popularity of JavaScript for
server-side web applications. On the client side, JavaScript was traditionally implemented as an
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 35
interpreted language but just-in-time compilation is now performed by recent (post-2012)
browsers.
JavaScript was formalized in the ECMA Script language standard and is primarily used as part of a
web browser (client-side JavaScript). This enables programmatic access to objects within a host
environment.
JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world.
It is the language for HTML, for the Web, for computers, servers, laptops, tablets, smart phones,
and more.
You can use JavaScript to:
a) Change HTML elements
•
Delete HTML elements
•
Create new HTML elements
•
Copy and clone HTML elements
5.2 Back end
SQL Server 2008
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by
Microsoft. It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested
by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another
computer across a network (including the Internet). There are at least a dozen different editions of
Microsoft SQL Server aimed at different audiences and for different workloads.
SQL Server 2008 (codenamed Yukon), released in October 2008, is the successor to SQL Server
2005. It included native support for managing XML data, in addition to relational data. For this
purpose, it defined an xml data type that could be used either as a data type in database columns or
as literals in queries. XML is converted to an internal binary data type before being stored in the
database. Specialized indexing methods were made available for XML data. XML data is queried
using Query. SQL Server 2008 added some extensions to the T-SQL language to allow embedding
XQuery queries in T-SQL. In addition, it also defines a new extension to XQuery, called XML
DML, which allows query-based modifications to XML data. SQL Server 2008 also allows a
database server to be exposed over web services using TDS packets encapsulated within SOAP
requests. When the data is accessed over web services, results are returned as XML.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 36
For relational data, T-SQL has been augmented with error handling features (try/catch) and support
for recursive queries with CTEs (Common Table Expressions). SQL Server 2008 has also been
enhanced with new indexing algorithms, syntax and better error recovery systems. Data pages are
check summed for better error resiliency, and optimistic concurrency support has been added for
better performance. Permissions and access control have been made more granular and the query
processor handles concurrent execution of queries in a more efficient way.
Services
SQL Server also includes an assortment of add-on services. While these are not essential for the
operation of the database system, they provide value added services on top of the core database
management system.
a. Service Broker
Used inside an instance, it is used to provide an asynchronous programming environment. For
cross instance applications, Service Broker communicates The Service Broker, which runs as a
part of the database engine, provides a reliable messaging and message queuing platform for SQL
Server applications.
b. Replication Services
SQL Server Replication Services are used by SQL Server to replicate and synchronize database
objects, either in entirety or a subset of the objects present, across replication agents, which might
be other database servers across the network, or database caches on the client side. Replication
follows a publisher/subscriber model, i.e., the changes are sent out by one database server
(“publisher”) and are received by others (“subscribers”). SQL Server supports three different types
of replication.

Transaction replication
Each transaction made to the publisher database (master database) is synced out to subscribers,
who update their databases with the transaction. Transactional replication synchronizes databases
in near real time.

Merge replication
Changes made at both the publisher and subscriber databases are tracked, and periodically the
changes are synchronized bi-directionally between the publisher and the subscribers. If the same
data has been modified differently in both the publisher and the subscriber databases,
synchronization will result in a conflict which has to be resolved - either manually or by using predefined policies.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 37
Hardware Specification
An important matter in building an application is selecting hardware and software. The
hardware drives the software to facilitate solutions. Factors like cost performance etc are taken into
consideration during the purchase of the hardware component for any computerized system.
Hardware requirements needs for the system
Processor
:
Pentium 1.80 GHz or more
RAM
:
4GB
Hard disk
:
90 GB
Monitor
:
SVGA Color
Keyboard
:
104 Keys
Mouse
:
Optical
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 38
6. CODING
6.1 Input Forms Design
Input design is a design process of converting user oriented inputs to a computer based format. The
input media used is keyboard. Details are entered through data entry screens. Outline data entry
accepts commands and the data are displayed on the CRT screen for verification. The major
approaches to input design are the menu and the prompt design. In each alternative, the user’s
options are predefined and the system is designed in a user friendly manner. Appropriate error
messagesare given when false details are entered. Design of a system in a menu driven fashion
enables the user to select any option accordingly using simple keystrokes or mouse clicks.
The following are the features of the data entry screen for proposed system:
1. User friendly: - The proposed system is designed in a user friendly manner.
2. Menu driven: - The proposed system is menu driven. This helps the user to select any
option designs at any time and operations are very easy.
3. Interact:- The package is developed on the support of menu driven program. When we
look through the menu items we can easily understand what is mean, so a person with
little experience can also operate the system.
6.2 Selected Code
Donor registration ;
<html>
<head>
<title>donor</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="pro.css">
</head>
<body>
<a href="dlogin.php">Back</a>
<center>
<h2>Donor Registration</h2> <br><br><br>
<form method ="post" name="frm" onsubmit="return Reg()">
<table >
<tr><th align="left">Donor_id<font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="text"
name="d_id"/></td></tr>
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 39
<tr><th align="left">Name <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="text" name="d_name"
placeholder="Enter donor name"required/></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">BloodGroup <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><select name="bdgp">
<option value="" selected>-- SELECT --</option>
<option value="A+ve">A+ve</option>
<option value="B+ve">B+ve</option>
<option value="O+ve">O+ve</option>
<option value="AB+ve">AB+ve</option>
<option value="A-ve">A-ve</option>
<option value="B-ve">B-ve</option>
<option value="O-ve">O-ve</option>
<option value="AB-ve">AB-ve</option>
</select>
</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Password <font color=red>*</font>: </th><td align="left"><input type="password"
name="d_pwd" placeholder="Enter your password "required /><font color=grey><font
color=red>*</font>which is used for login</font></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Gender <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><select name="d_gender">
<option value="M" selected>Male</option>
<option value="F">Female</option>
<option value="O">Others</option>
</select></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Date Of Birth <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="date" name="d_dob"
required/></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Address <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><textarea rows="5" cols="50"
name="d_address" placeholder="Enter our address"required></textarea></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Phone Number <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="number"
name="d_phn" placeholder="Enter a valid phone number (10 digit)" required/></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Donor_email<font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="text" name="d_email"
placeholder="Enter a vaid email id"required></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">City <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="text" name="d_city"
placeholder="Enter your city"required/></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Weight <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="number" name="d_weight"
placeholder="Enter your weight " min="50"required/></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Status <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><select name="vol">
<option value="Volunteer" selected>Volunteer</option>
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 40
<option value="NonVolunteer">NonVolunteer</option>
</select></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Last Donated Date:</th><td><input type="date" name="d_ldd" /></td></tr>
<tr><th></th><td><br><br><input type="submit" name="next" value="SUBMIT"></td></tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<?php
include('connection.php');
if(isset($_POST['next']))
{
$did=$_POST['d_id'];
$dpwd=$_POST['d_pwd'];
$dn=$_POST['d_name'];
$da=$_POST['d_address'];
$ddob=$_POST['d_dob'];
$dg=$_POST['d_gender'];
$dph=$_POST['d_phn'];
$dem=$_POST['d_email'];
$dc=$_POST['d_city'];
$db=$_POST['bdgp'];
$dw=$_POST['d_weight'];
$ds=$_POST['vol'];
$dldd=$_POST['d_ldd'];
$rl="donor";
$qr="INSERT INTO donor
(d_id,d_name,d_bgroup,d_gender,d_dob,d_address,d_phn,d_email,d_city,d_weight,d_status,d_ldd)
VALUES
('$did','$dn','$db','$dg','$ddob','$da','$dph','$dem','$dc','$dw','$ds','$dldd')";
$result1=mysqli_query($conn,$qr) or die ("Not Inserted #1 : ".mysqli_error($conn));
if($result1)
{
$qry=mysqli_query($conn,"INSERT INTO login (uid,pwd,role)
VALUES('$did','$dpwd','$rl')") or die("Not Inserted #2 : ".mysqli_error());
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 41
$result2=mysqli_query($conn,$qry) or die ("Not Inserted #1 : ".mysqli_error($conn));
if($result2)
{
echo"Registration Successful<br>";
header("refresh:3;url=dlogin.php");
}
}
else
{
echo"Registration Unsuccessful:<hr>".mysqli_error($conn);
header("refresh:5;url=1donor.php");
}
}
?>
<script>
function Reg()
{
var di=document.forms["frm"]["d_id"];
var n=document.forms["frm"]["d_name"];
var db=document.forms["frm"]["dropdown"];
var p=document.forms["frm"]["d_pwd"];
var dg=document.forms["frm"]["d_gender"];
var d=document.forms["frm"]["d_dob"];
var a=document.forms["frm"]["d_address"];
var m=document.forms["frm"]["d_phn"];
var e=document.forms["frm"]["d_email"];
var c=document.forms["frm"]["d_city"];
var w=document.forms["frm"]["d_weight"];
var s=document.forms["frm"]["dropdown"];
var ldd=document.forms["frm"]["d_ldd"];
if(di.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter Donor Id");
di.focus();
return false;
}
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 42
if(n.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter name");
n.focus();
return false;
}
var l=/^[A-Za-z]+$/;
if(!n.value.match(l))
{
alert("Please enter a valid name");
n.focus();
return false;
}
if(db.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter donor's blood group");
db.focus();
return false;
}
if(p.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter password");
p.focus();
return false;
}
if(p.value.length < 0||p.value.length < 5 )
{
alert("Enter a password with atleast 5 characters");
p.focus();
return false;
}
if(dg.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter donor's gender");
dg.focus();
return false;
}
if(d.value==" ")
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 43
{
alert("Please enter date of birth");
d.focus();
return false;
}
if(a.value==" ")
{
window.alert("Please enter address");
a.focus();
return false;
}
/*var al=/^[A-Za-z ]+$/;
if(!a.value.match(al))
{
alert("Please enter a valid address");
a.focus();
return false;
}
*/
if(m.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter phone number");
m.focus();
return false;
}
if(m.value.length !=10)
{
alert("The mob_no must be 10 digits");
m.focus();
return false;
}
var mn=/^[0-9]+$/;
if(!m.value.match(mn))
{
alert("Please enter a valid mobile number");
m.focus();
return false;
}
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 44
if(e.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter an email_id");
e.focus();
return false;
}
if(e.value.indexOf("@",0)<0)
{
alert("Please enter a valid email_id");
e.focus();
return false;
}
if(e.value.indexOf(".com",0)<0)
{
alert("Please enter a valid email_id");
e.focus();
return false;
}
if(c.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter city");
c.focus();
return false;
}
if(w.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter weight");
w.focus();
return false;
}
if(s.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter status");
s.focus();
return false;
}
return true;
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 45
}
</script>
Login ;
<html>
<head>
<title>
Login
</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="logincss.css">
</head>
<body>
<center><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<h1><big>A D M I N&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;L O G I N&nbsp;&nbsp;</big></h1>
<br><br><br><br><br>
<form method ="POST" name="frm" onsubmit="return Avalidate()">
<table align="center">
<img src="bloodpic.png" align="left" />
<tr><th align="center"><h4>USER_ID: </h4></th><td align="right"><input type="text"
name="uid" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th align="center"><h4>PASSWORD : </h4></th><td align="right"><input
type="password" name="pwd" required /></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td align="center"><input type="submit" name="submit" value="LOGIN"
/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type="reset" name="reset" value="CLEAR"
/></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"
align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n
bsp;&nbsp;<a href="Home.php">BACK TO HOME PAGE</a>
</table>
</form>
</center>
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 46
<br><br><br><br>
</body>
</html>
<?php
session_start();
if(isset($_POST["submit"]))
{
$uid=$_POST["uid"];
$pwd=$_POST["pwd"];
$conn = mysqli_connect ("localhost","root","");
if(!$conn) {die("could not connect:".mysqli_error());}
//else
//echo"successful connection<br>";
$db_fnd=mysqli_select_db($conn,"project");
if(!$db_fnd) {die("could not connect:".mysqli_error() );}
//else
//echo"successful connection<br>";
$qr=mysqli_query($conn,"select * from login where uid='$uid' and pwd='$pwd' and role='admin'
") or die("Error:".mysqli_error($conn)); //and Role='Admin'
if(mysqli_num_rows($qr)>0)
{
$_SESSION['uid']=$uid;
header("location:admin.html");
exit;
}
else
{
echo"Invalid username or password<br>";
header("refresh:3;url=alogin.php");
}
mysqli_close($conn);
}
?>
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 47
<script>
function Avalidate()
{
var u=document.forms["frm"]["uid"];
var p=document.forms["frm"]["pwd"];
if(u.value==" ")
{
window.alert("Please enter UserId");
u.focus();
return false;
}
if(p.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter password");
p.focus();
return false;
}
if(p.value.length < 0||p.value.length < 5 )
{
alert("Enter a password with atleast 5 characters");
n.focus();
return false;
}
return true;
}
</script>
Patient registration ;
<html>
<head>
<title>patient</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="pro1.css">
</head>
<body><center>
<h2>Patient</h2> <br><br><br>
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 48
<form method ="post" name="pform" onsubmit="return Regis()">
<table>
<tr><th>Patient_id <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="text" name="pid"/></td></tr>
<tr><th>Name <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="text" name="pname" placeholder="Enter
patient name"required/></td></tr>
<tr><th>BloodGroup <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><select name="dropdown">
<option value="A+ve" selected>A+ve</option>
<option value="B+ve">B+ve</option>
<option value="0+ve">O+ve</option>
<option value="AB+ve">AB+ve</option>
<option value="A-ve">A-ve</option>
<option value="B-ve">B-ve</option>
<option value="O-ve">O-ve</option>
<option value="AB-ve">AB-ve</option>
</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Date Of Birth <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="date"
name="pdob"required/></td></tr>
<tr><th>Gender <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="radio"
name="pgender"value="Male"/>Male
<input type="radio" name="pgender"value="Female"/>Female
<input type="radio" name="pgender"value="Others"/>Others</td></tr>
<tr><th>Password <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="text" name="ppwd"
placeholder="Enter your password"required/><font color=grey><font color=red>*</font>which is used for
login with atleast 5 characters</font></td></tr>
<tr><th>Address <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><textarea rows="5" cols="50" name="paddress"
placeholder="Enter patient address"required></textarea></td></tr>
<tr><th>Phone No <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="number" name="pphno"
placeholder="Enter valid phone number"required/><font color=grey><font color=red>*</font>must have
10 digit</font></td></tr>
<tr><th>Email <font color=red>*</font>:</th><td><input type="text" name="pemail" placeholder="Enter
valid email id"required/></td></tr>
<tr><th></th><td><br><br><input type="submit" name="sub" value="SUBMIT"></td></tr>
</table>
</form>
</center>
</body>
</html
<?php
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 49
if(isset($_POST['sub']))
{
$conn = mysqli_connect ("localhost","root","");
if(!$conn) {die("could not connect:".mysqli_error());}
else
echo"successful connection<br>";
$db_fnd=mysqli_select_db($conn,"project");
if(!$db_fnd) {die("could not connect:".mysqli_error() );}
else
echo"successful connection<br>";
$pid=$_POST['pid'];
$pname=$_POST['pname'];
$pbg=$_POST['dropdown'];
$pgender=$_POST['pgender'];
$ppwd=$_POST['ppwd'];
$paddress=$_POST['paddress'];
$pphno=$_POST['pphno'];
$pemail=$_POST['pemail'];
$rl="patient";
$qr=mysqli_query($conn,"INSERT INTO patient VALUES
('$pid','$pname','$pbg','$pgender','$ppwd','$paddress','$pphno','$pemail')");
$qry=mysqli_query($conn,"INSERT INTO login VALUES('$pid','$ppwd','$rl')");//(d_id,d_pwd)
if($qr)
{
if($qry)
{
echo"Registration Successful<br>";
header("refresh:3;url=plogin.php");
}
}
else
{
echo"Registration Unsuccessful:<hr>".mysqli_error($conn);
header("refresh:5;url=patient.php");
}
}
?>
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 50
<script>
function Regis()
{
var pi=document.forms["pform"]["pid"];
var pn=document.forms["pform"]["pname"];
var pbgrp=document.forms["pform"]["dropdown"];
var pg=document.forms["pform"]["pgender"];
var p_pwd=document.forms["pform"]["ppwd"];
var pad=document.forms["pform"]["paddress"];
var p_phno=document.forms["pform"]["pphno"];
var pem=document.forms["pform"]["pemail"];
if(pi.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter Patient Id");
pi.focus();
return false;
}
if(pn.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter name");
pname.focus();
return false;
}
var m=/^[A-Za-z]+$/;
if(!pn.value.match(m))
{
alert("Please enter a valid name");
pn.focus();
return false;
}
if(pbgrp.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter patient's blood group");
pbgrp.focus();
return false;
}
if(pg.value==" ")
{
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 51
alert("Please enter gender");
pg.focus();
return false;
}
if(p_pwd.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter password");
p_pwd.focus();
return false;
}
if(p_pwd.value.length < 0||p.value.length < 5 )
{
alert("Enter a password with atleast 5 characters");
p_pwd.focus();
return false;
}
if(pad.value==" ")
{
window.alert("Please enter address");
pad.focus();
return false;
}
var as=/^[A-Za-z ]+$/;
if(!pad.value.match(as))
{
alert("Please enter a valid address");
pad.focus();
return false;
}
if(p_phno.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter phone number");
p_phno.focus();
return false;
}
if(p_phno.value.length !=10)
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 52
{
alert("The mob_no must be 10 digits");
p_phno.focus();
return false;
}
var mn=/^[0-9]+$/;
if(!p_phno.value.match(mn))
{
alert("Please enter a valid mobile number");
p_phno.focus();
return false;
}
if(pem.value==" ")
{
alert("Please enter an email_id");
pem.focus();
return false;
}
if(pem.value.indexOf("@",0)<0)
{
alert("Please enter a valid email_id");
pem.focus();
return false;
}
if(pem.value.indexOf(".com",0)<0)
{
alert("Please enter a valid email_id");
pem.focus();
return false;
}
return true;
}
</script>
Blood stock ;
<?php
require_once 'Connection.php';
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 53
?>
<html>
<body><br>
<h1 align="center">Blood Stock</h1>
<br><center><br>
<table align=center>
<tr><th align="left">BLOOD GROUP :
<form method="post">
<select name="dropdown">
<option value="" selected>-- SELECT --</option>
<option value="A+ve">A+ve</option>
<option value="B+ve">B+ve</option>
<option value="O+ve">O+ve</option>
<option value="AB+ve">AB+ve</option>
<option value="A-ve">A-ve</option>
<option value="B-ve">B-ve</option>
<option value="O-ve">O-ve</option>
<option value="AB-ve">AB-ve</option>
</select>
<input type="submit" name="search" value= "SEARCH BY BLOOD GROUP" /></th>
<th><input type="submit" name="view" value= "VIEW ALL Blood Bags" />
</form>
</th></tr>
</table>
<?php
include("connection.php");
// VIEW
if(isset($_POST['view']))
{
$qr=" SELECT * FROM blood_stock,donor where blood_stock.did=donor.d_id";
$qry=mysqli_query($conn,"$qr") or die("Error:".mysqli_error($conn));
$n=mysqli_num_rows($qry);
echo "[ <b><big> Total Blood Bags Available : ".$n."</big></b> ] </p>";
echo "<table border=1 width=80% height=20%>
<tr>
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 54
<th>SLNO</th>
<th>BLOOD GROUP</th>
<th>QUANTITY</th>
</tr>";
$i=1;
while($row=mysqli_fetch_array($qry))
{
echo "<tr>
<td>".$i++."</td>
<td>".$row['d_bgroup']."</td>
<td>".$row['quantity']."</td>
</tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
}
// SEARCH
if(isset($_POST['search']))
{
$d_bgroup=$_POST['dropdown'];
if($d_bgroup!="") {
$qr=" SELECT * FROM blood_stock,donor where blood_stock.did=donor.d_id and d_bgroup like
'".$d_bgroup."'";
$qry=mysqli_query($conn,"$qr") or die("Error:".mysqli_error($conn));
if (mysqli_num_rows($qry)<1) {
echo "!!! No Blood Bag available for the Blood Group <b><big>".$d_bgroup."</big></b> !!!</p>";
}
else {
$n=mysqli_num_rows($qry);
echo "Blood Bag available for the Blood Group <b><big>".$d_bgroup."</big></b> [ <b><big>
Total : ".$n."</big></b> ] </p>";
echo "<table align=center valign=middle border=1 width=50% cellpadding=5 cellspacing=3>
<tr>
<th>SLNO</th>
<th>BLOOD GROUP</th>
<th>DONATED DATE</th>
<th>EXPIRY DATE</th>
</tr>";
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 55
$i=1;
while($row=mysqli_fetch_array($qry))
{
echo "<tr>
<td>".$i++."</td>
<td>".$row['d_bgroup']."</td>
<td>".$row['donated_date']."</td>
<td>".$row['expiry_date']."</td>
<td align=center>
<form action=dltdonor.php method=POST>
<input type=hidden name=d_id value=".$row['d_id'].">
<input type=submit name=dl value=Delete>
</form>
<form action=updtdonor.php method=POST>
<input type=hidden name=d_id value=".$row['d_id'].">
<input type=submit name=up value=Update>
</form>
</td>
</tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
}
}
else {
echo "<br><br><p id=err>Please specify the Blood Group for Checking !!!</p>";
}
}
?>
</body></html>
Booking ;
<?php
include('connection.php');
if(isset($booked))
{
$sql="insert into booking(bid,pid,needed_date,quantity,doctor_name,purpose,booking_date)
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 56
values('$bid','$pid','$needed_date','$quantity','$doctor_name','$purpose','$booking_date')";
if(mysqli_query($con,$sql))
{
$msg= "<h1 style='color:blue'>You have Successfully booked </h1><h2><a href='vorder.php'>
<u>View </u></a></h2>";
}
}
?>
<html>
<head>
<title>Online Booking</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="pro1.css">
</head>
<body align="center">
<?php
?>
<h1><b><u> Booking</u></b> </h1><br>
<?php if() echo @$msg; ?>
<!--Form Containe Start Here-->
<form method="post">
<table align="center">
<tr><th align="left">Booking ID :</th>
<td align="left"> <input type="text" value="<?php echo $result['bid']; ?>"
readonly="readonly" name="bid" required></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Patient ID :</th>
<td align="left"><input type="text" value="<?php echo $result['pid']; ?>"
readonly="readonly" name="pid" required/></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Needed Date :</th>
<td align="left"><input type="date" name="needed_date" placeholder="Type Needed
Date"required></td></tr>
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 57
<tr><th align="left">Quantity :</th>
<td align="left"><input type="number" name="quantity" placeholder="Enter Needed
Number Of Bags" required></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left"> Doctor Name :</th>
<td align="left"><input type="text" name="doctor_name" placeholder="Enter Doctor
Name"required></td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Purpose :</th>
<td align="left"><textarea Rows="5" Cols="25" name="purpose"></textarea></td></tr>
<tr><th></th><td align="left"><br><br><br><br><br><input
type="submit"value="BOOK" name="booked" required/></td></tr>
</table>
</form><br>
<table border=1 width=80% height="20%">
<tr>
<th>SLNO</th>
<th>BOOKING ID</th>
<th>NEEDED DATE</th>
<th>QUANTITY</th>
<th>DOCTOR NAME</th>
<th>PURPOSE</th>
<th>BOOKING DATE</th>
</tr>
<?php
session_start();
$pid=$_SESSION['pid'];
$date=date("Y-m-d");
include("connection.php");
$qr=" SELECT * FROM booking where bid='$pid'";
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 58
$qry=mysqli_query($conn,"$qr") or die("Error:".mysqli_error($conn));
$i=1;
while($row=mysqli_fetch_array($qry))
{
echo "<tr>
<td>".$i++."</td>
<td>".$row['bid']."</td>
<td>".$row['needed_date']."</td>
<td>".$row['quantity']."</td>
<td>".$row['doctor_name']."</td>
<td>".$row['purpose']."</td>
<td>".$row['booking_date']."</td>
<td align=center><br>
<form action=delete_booking.php method=POST>
<input type=hidden name=bid value=".$row['bid'].">
<input type=submit name=dl value=CANCEL>
</form>
<br>
</td>
</tr>";
}
?>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Billing ;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Billing</title>
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="20">
<style type="text/css">
body {
//background-color: lightgrey;
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 59
text-align: center;
margin: 0;
font-family: Calibri;
}
.form input, select {
font-family: "Times New Roman";
padding: 5px;
color: teal;
font-stretch: 10px;
//background-color: lightgrey;
border-width: 0px 0px 1px 0px;
border-bottom-color: tomato;
}
input[type=submit],[type=reset] {
font-family: "Times New Roman";
padding: 10px;
width: 60px;
height: 40px;
color: teal;
border-radius: 40px;
cursor: pointer;
}
input[type=submit]:hover,[type=reset]:hover {
font-family: "Times New Roman";
padding: 10px;
width: 60px;
height: 40px;
background-color: teal;
color: white;
border-radius: 40px;
box-shadow: 2px 2px grey;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 60
<body>
<form method="post" class="form">
<table align="center">
<tr><th>Name : </th>
<td><input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Enter your
Name"></td>
</tr>
<tr><th>Mobile : </th>
<td><input type="number" name="mob" placeholder="Mobile
Number"></td>
</tr>
<tr><th>Age : </th>
<td><input type="number" name="age" placeholder="Age" min="18"
max="50"></td>
</tr>
<!--<tr><th>Time : </th>
<td><input type="time" name="time"></td>
</tr>-->
<tr><th>Bags (purchased) : </th>
<td><select name="bp">
<option value="0" selected>Nill</option>
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
<option value="4">4</option>
<option value="5">5</option>
</select><select name="bgrp">
<option value="" selected>-- SELECT --</option>
<option value="A+ve">A+ve</option>
<option value="B+ve">B+ve</option>
<option value="O+ve">O+ve</option>
<option value="AB+ve">AB+ve</option>
<option value="A-ve">A-ve</option>
<option value="B-ve">B-ve</option>
<option value="O-ve">O-ve</option>
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 61
<option value="AB-ve">AB-ve</option>
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr><th>Bags (donated) : </th>
<td><select name="bd">
<option value="0" selected>Nill</option>
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
<option value="4">4</option>
<option value="5">5</option>
</select><input type="text" name="did" placeholder="By whom ?"></td>
</tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" align="center"><input type="checkbox" name="agree"
checked> I agree that all the information entered are correct</th>
</tr>
<tr align="center"><th colspan="2"><input type="submit" name="submit"
value="Proceed">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type="reset" name="reset"
value="Clear"></th>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<?php
include('connection.php');
if(isset($_POST['submit'])) {
$nm=$_POST['name'];
$mob=$_POST['mob'];
$age=$_POST['age'];
$did=$_POST['did'];
$purchase=$_POST['bp'];
$blood=$_POST['bgrp'];
$donate=$_POST['bd'];
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 62
echo "<HR>";
$date=date("d-M-Y");
$ddate=date("Y-m-d");
$edate=date("Y-m-d",strtotime("+35 days"));
if($purchase!='0') {
if($blood!=""){
if ($purchase>0 && $donate>0) {
if ($purchase>$donate)
$res=$purchase-$donate;
else if ($purchase<=$donate)
$res=0;
}
else {
if ($purchase!='0')
$res=$purchase;
else if ($donate!='0')
$res=0;
}
echo "Name : ".$nm;
echo "<BR>Mobile : +91 ".$mob;
echo "<BR>Age : ".$age;
echo "<BR>Purchased (Rs 950/bag) : ".$purchase."bags of Blood Group
".$blood;
echo "<BR>Donated : ".$donate;
echo "<BR><HR><BR>";
echo "Date : ".$date;
echo "<BR>Bill : Rs ".$res*950;
echo "<BR><BR><HR><BR>";
//$qry1="update from blood_stock where ";
}
else
echo "<BR>Please specify Blood Group!";
}
else if($donate!='0') {
if ($did) {
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 63
echo "Name : ".$nm;
echo "<BR>Mobile : +91 ".$mob;
echo "<BR>Age : ".$age;
echo "<BR>Donated : ".$donate;
echo "<BR>Date : ".$date;
echo "<BR><HR><BR>";
//$didres="select d_id from donor where d_name like '".$did."'";
//echo "select d_id from donor where d_name like '".$did."'";
//$didresult=mysqli_query($conn,"$didres") or
die("Error:".mysqli_error($conn));
//while($row=mysqli_fetch_array($didresult))
//{
//echo "insert into blood_stock values
('',$donate,$ddate,$edate,".$row['d_id'].")";
//$qry2="insert into blood_stock values
('',$donate,$ddate,$edate,".$row['d_id'].")";
$didres="select * from blood_stock";
$didresult=mysqli_query($conn,"$didres") or
die("Error:".mysqli_error($conn));
$n=mysqli_num_rows($didresult);
//echo "insert into blood_stock(bagid,quantity,donated_date,expiry_date,did)
values ('".$n++."',$donate,$ddate,$edate,$did)";
$qry2="insert into
blood_stock(bagid,quantity,donated_date,expiry_date,did) values
('".$n++."',$donate,$ddate,$edate,$did)";
$result=mysqli_query($conn,"$qry2") or
die("Error:".mysqli_error($conn));
if($result)
echo "Successfully Inserted...";
//echo "Bill : Rs ".$res*950;
//echo "<BR><BR><HR><BR>";
}
else
echo "<BR>Please specify Donor Name!";
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 64
}
else
echo "<BR>Fill in the details!";
}
?>
6.3 Output Report Design
The output is designed in such a way that it may acquire the full satisfaction of the system user.
The output devices usually used are printers and VDU. So the output can be hardcopy outputs or
display outputs. As the outputs is the most important source of information to the users, better
design should improve the system’s relationship with us and also help in decision making. The
formatted output is designed in order to understand the facts at a glance. Each column is labelled
with suitable headings. Another thing that is to be considered is the output devices capability,
print capability, response time, requirements etc.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 65
7. SYSTEM TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION
Testing
Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and represents the
ultimate review of specification, design and coding. In fact, testing is the one step in the software
engineering process that could be viewed as destructive rather than constructive.
A strategy for software testing integrates software test case design methods into a well-planned
series of steps that result in the successful construction of software. Testing is the set of activities that can
be planned in advance and conducted systematically. The underlying motivation of program testing is to
affirm software quality with methods that can economically and effectively apply to both strategic to both
large and small-scale systems.
Why should We Test ?
Although software testing is itself an expensive activity, yet launching of software without testing
may lead to cost potentially much higher than that of testing, specially in systems where human safety is
involved. In the software life cycle the earlier the errors are discovered and removed, the lower is the cost
of their removal.
Who should Do the Testing ?
o Testing requires the developers to find errors from their software.
o It is difficult for software developer to point out errors from own creations.
o Many organisations have made a distinction between development and testing phase by making
different people responsible for each phase.
What should We Test ?
We should test the program’s responses to every possible input. It means, we should test for all valid and
invalid inputs. Suppose a program requires two 8 bit integers as inputs. Total possible combinations are
28x28. If only one second it required to execute one set of inputs, it may take 18 hours to test all
combinations. Practically, inputs are more than two and size is also more than 8 bits. We have also not
considered invalid inputs where so many combinations are possible. Hence, complete testing is just not
possible, although, we may wish to do so.
STRATEGIC APPROACH TO SOFTWARE TESTING
The software engineering process can be viewed as a spiral. Initially system engineering defines
the role of software and leads to software requirement analysis where the information domain, functions,
behavior, performance, constraints and validation criteria for software are established. Moving inward
along the spiral, we come to design and finally to coding. To develop computer software we spiral in along
streamlines that decrease the level of abstraction on each turn.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 66
UNIT TESTING
MODULE TESTING
Component Testing
SUB-SYSTEM TESING
SYSTEM TESTING
Integration Testing
ACCEPTANCE TESTING
User Testing
7.1. Unit Testing
Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design, the module. The
unit testing we have is white box oriented and some modules the steps are conducted in parallel.
1. WHITE BOX TESTING
This type of testing ensures that

All independent paths have been exercised at least once

All logical decisions have been exercised on their true and false sides

All loops are executed at their boundaries and within their operational bounds

All internal data structures have been exercised to assure their validity.
To follow the concept of white box testing we have tested each form .we have created independently to
verify that Data flow is correct, All conditions are exercised to check their validity, All loops are executed
on their boundaries.
2. BASIC PATH TESTING
Established technique of flow graph with Cyclomatic complexity was used to derive test cases for all the
functions. The main steps in deriving test cases were:
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 67
Use the design of the code and draw correspondent flow graph.
Determine the Cyclomatic complexity of resultant flow graph, using formula:
V(G)=E-N+2 or
V(G)=P+1 or
V(G)=Number Of Regions
Where V(G) is Cyclomatic complexity,
E is the number of edges,
N is the number of flow graph nodes,
P is the number of predicate nodes.
Determine the basis of set of linearly independent paths.
3. CONDITIONAL TESTING
In this part of the testing each of the conditions were tested to both true and false aspects. And all the
resulting paths were tested. So that each path that may be generate on particular condition is traced to
uncover any possible errors.
4. DATA FLOW TESTING
This type of testing selects the path of the program according to the location of definition and use of
variables. This kind of testing was used only when some local variable were declared. The definition-use
chain method was used in this type of testing. These were particularly useful in nested statements.
5. LOOP TESTING
In this type of testing all the loops are tested to all the limits possible. The following exercise was
adopted for all loops:

All the loops were tested at their limits, just above them and just below them.

All the loops were skipped at least once.

For nested loops test the inner most loop first and then work outwards.

For concatenated loops the values of dependent loops were set with the help of connected loop.

Unstructured loops were resolved into nested loops or concatenated loops and tested as above.
Each unit has been separately tested by the development team itself and all the input have been
tested.
7.2 Integration Testing+
The purpose of unit testing is to determine that each independent module is correctly implemented.
This gives little chance to determine that the interface between modules is also correct, and for this
reason integration testing must be performed. One specific target of integration testing is the
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 68
interface: whether parameters match on both sides as to type, permissible ranges, meaning and
utilization.
7.3 System Testing
Of the three levels of testing, the system level is closet to everyday experiences. We test many
things; a used car before we buy it, an on-line cable network service before we subscribe, and so
on. A common pattern in these familiar forms is that we evaluate a product in terms of our
expectations; not with respect to a specification or a standard. Consequently, goal is not to find
faults, but to demonstrate performance. Because of this we tend to approach system testing from a
functional standpoint rather than from a structural one. Since it is so intuitively familiar, system
testing in practice tends to be less formal than it might be, and is compounded by the reduced
testing interval that usually remains before a delivery deadline.
During system testing, we should evaluate a number of attributes of the software that are vital to
the user and are listed below. These represent the operational correctness of the product and may
be part of the software specifications.
Usable
- Is the product convenient, clear, and predictable?
Secure
- Is access to sensitive data restricted to those with authorization?
Compatible
- Will the product work correctly in conjunction with existing data,
software, and procedures?
Dependable
- Do adequate safeguards against failure and methods for recovery
exist in the product?
Documented
- Are manuals complete, correct, and understandable?
7.4 Validation Testing
o It refers to test the software as a complete product.
o This should be done after unit & integration testing.
o Alpha, beta & acceptance testing are nothing but the various ways of involving customer during
testing.
o IEEE has developed a standard (IEEE standard 1059-1993) entitled “ IEEE guide for software
verification and validation “ to provide specific guidance about planning and documenting the
tasks required by the standard so that the customer may write an effective plan.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 69
o Validation testing improves the quality of software product in terms of functional capabilities
and quality attributes.
7.5 IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation is simply means converting a new system design in to operation. This involves
creating computer compatible files, training the operating staff and installing the hardware. The
important thing to be noted is that, not interrupt the functioning of the organization during
implementation.
In system implementation, user training is crucial for minimizing in the resistance to change and
giving the new system a chance to prove its worth. Training aids, such as user friendly manuals, a
data dictionary, job performance aids that communicate information
about the new system,
and helps screens, provide the user with a good start on the system. Maintenance follows
conversion to extend that changes are necessary to maintain satisfactory operation relative to
changes in the user’s environment.
Maintenance often includes minor enhancement or corrections to those problems that comes late in
the system operation. The team implementation has different meaning, ranging the conversion of a
basic application to a complete replacement of a computer system. The procedure, however, is
virtually the same implementation is used to mean the process of converting a new or a revised
system design into an operational one. Conversion is an aspect of implementation. The other
aspects are the post implementation review and software maintenance. There are two types of
implementations:  Implementation of a computer system to replace a manual system.
 Implementation of a new computer system to replace an existing one.
 Implementation of modified application to replace an existing one.
Once installed the application programs are used for many years. However, both the organization
and users may change and the environment may differ over years.
Implementation is the stage of the project when the theoretical design is turned into a working
system. The implementation stage is a system project in its own right. It includes careful planning,
investigation of current system and its constraints on implementation, design of methods to
achieve the changeover, training of the staff in the changeover procedure and evaluation of the
changeover method.
The first task in implementation is planning deciding on the methods and time scale to be
adopted. Once the planning has been completed, the major effort is to ensure that the programs in
the system are working properly when the staff has been trained, the complete system involving
both computer and user can be executed effectively. Thus, the clear plans are prepared for the
activities.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 70
Successful implementation of the new system design is a critical phase in the system life
cycle. Implementation means the process of converting a new or a revised system design into an
operational one.
This involves the following:
 Creating computer compactable files.
 Training the operating staffs.
Training
Training is a vital part of the computer based information system. The main aim of training
is to make aware of the system concepts to users in detail.
The training focuses on two issues:
 User capabilities.
 Name of the system being installed
The training sections that are given to the operators and end users are different. The
operators need to know the concept of system in deep. However, the end user training is only
concerned with how to perform the transaction and how to access the transaction details.
There are mainly three types of training:
 Brain storming section
 Seminar
 Computer awareness training
Brain Storming Section
It is a method of fact-finding techniques and unknowingly the participants can be made
aware of various system concepts.
Seminars
In the seminar, the emphasis has to lie on the various features of the system. Use of
various reports input and output procedures etc. after the seminars if require a practical workshop
can be organized in order to have proper control over the operational staff.
Computer Awareness Training (Technical training)
Training is given based upon the environment in which the system is running and
various software environments helping the working of the system.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 71
Conversion
Conversion is the process of changing the old system to the new one. There are four wellknown conversion methods, which offer a range of advantages and disadvantages. The commonly
used conversion methods are
 Parallel conversion
 Direct cutover conversion
 Phase in method
 Pilot approach
Parallel Conversion
This is considered as the most secure method, where both the systems (existing system
and proposed system) are running in parallel. This method have some advantages, firstly the
continued use of old system provides a fallback when a new system fails. Secondly, this method
provides an ultimate testing of the new system because; both systems are running in parallel. So
analysis of results from the system is possible. The disadvantage is that keeping the two systems
running in the same time cause in the overheads.
Direct Cutover Conversion
In this method, the users use the new system only. The old system is completely replaced
with the new system. This method is very cheap and fast but it is quite hazardous. The direct
cutover methods convert from the old system to the new system. This method forces all system
users to make the new system work. Direct cutover requires careful planning. Training sessions
must be scheduled and maintained.
Phase In Method
The phase in method is used when it is not possible to install a new system throughout
the organization all at once. This method supports a phased approach to system conversion. With
this approach, implementation can be staged with conversion to the new system taking place by
degrees e.g. some files may be converted to the new system in other files will be used in the old
system. The result of the system implementation, will communicate the early users to other
personals who are waiting for implementation. Based upon the results the other parts of the system
may installed or not.
Pilot Approach
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 72
In this approach, a working version of information system is implemented in one part of
the organization. When the system is approved for its performance, it is installed throughout the
organization all at once or stage by stage.
Post Implementation Review
Post implementation review is conducted after the installation of the package. In addition, it
is conducted to determine how closely the new system conforms to plan. The new system
performance and user specifications are audited and checked for any differences.
System Maintenance
This software can be modified as need occurs. Maintenance includes all the activities after
installation of the software that is performed to keep the system operational. The process of
maintaining involves.
 Understanding the existing software
 Understand the effect of change
 Test for satisfaction
Maintenance can be done to this project by simply adding the new requirements that are the
form of database the system can be modified. The maintenance process also helps to remove an
error that resides in the system even after testing process.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 73
8. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
Conclusion
It has been a great pleasure for me to work on this exciting and challenging project. This
project proved good for me as it provided practical knowledge of not only programming in
ASP.NET and VB.NET web based application and no some extent Windows Application and SQL
Server, but also about all handling procedure related with “Blood Bank Management System”. It
also provides knowledge about the latest technology used in developing web enabled application
and client server technology that will be great demand in future. This will provide better
opportunities and guidance in future in developing projects independently.
The project in corporate with requirements of Data Management System For Blood Bank. This
system has been developed as versatile and user friendly as possible keeping in mind and
incorporated the advanced features in this technology. It has been designed in such a way that it
can be updated accurately and efficiently and is to modify. The user of the package will have no
doubt about its mode of operation because of its simplicity and appropriate screen messages. Using
Visual Basic 6.0 and Microsoft Access 2007, the system was developed and tested with all
possible samples of data. As whole, the system was well planned and designed.
The performance of the system is provided to be efficient. All the customers receive on the
overall benefits through the system. The system provides flexibility for incorporating new features,
which may be necessary in future keeping in mind need of the end users, attempts has been made
to cover as much areas as possible within stipulated time limits.
BENEFITS:
The project is identified by the merits of the system offered to the user. The merits of this project
are as follows: 
It’s a web-enabled project.

This project offers user to enter the data through simple and interactive forms. This is very
helpful for the client to enter the desired information through so much simplicity.

The user is mainly more concerned about the validity of the data, whatever he is entering.
There are checks on every stages of any new creation, data entry or updation so that the user
cannot enter the invalid data, which can create problems at later date.

Sometimes the user finds in the later stages of using project that he needs to update some of the
information that he entered earlier. There are options for him by which he can update the
records. Moreover there is restriction for his that he cannot change the primary data field. This
keeps the validity of the data to longer extent.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 74

User is provided the option of monitoring the records he entered earlier. He can see the desired
records with the variety of options provided by him.

From every part of the project the user is provided with the links through framing so that he
can go from one option of the project to other as per the requirement. This is bound to be
simple and very friendly as per the user is concerned. That is, we can sat that the project is user
friendly which is one of the primary concerns of any good project.

Data storage and retrieval will become faster and easier to maintain because data is stored in a
systematic manner and in a single database.

Decision making process would be greatly enhanced because of faster processing of
information since data collection from information available on computer takes much less time
then manual system.

Allocating of sample results becomes much faster because at a time the user can see the records
of last years.

Easier and faster data transfer through latest technology associated with the computer and
communication.

Through these features it will increase the efficiency, accuracy and transparency.
LIMITATIONS:

The size of the database increases day-by-day, increasing the load on the database back up and
data maintenance activity.

Training for simple computer operations is necessary for the users working on the system
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
The proposed system is Blood Bank Management System. We can enhance this
system by including more facilities for entering and viewing the feed donation, booking and ideas
and for clearing doubts about blood donation in the common discussion window.
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 75
APPENDIX
Home page
Login page
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 76
Admin page
Donor page
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 77
Patient page
Donor registration page ;
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 78
Patient registration page ;
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 79
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 K K Agarwal and Yogesh Singh, Software Engineering
 E Award, System Analysis And Design
 RamezElmasri. Fundamentals of Database System
 Peter Norton,Guide to VB6
WEB SOURCE
 http://www.youtube.com
 http://www.vbtutor.net
NSS COLLEGE , RAJAKUMARY
Page 80