ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
PRESENTATION BY : DIKSHA DIVASALIWALA
ENROLLMENT NO. : 009
BRANCH: COMPUTER ENGINEERING
1)Pollution :
 Pollution is defined as the addition of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or any
form of energy (such as heat, sound, or radioactivity) to the environment at a rate
faster than it can be dispersed, diluted, decomposed, recycled, or stored in some
harmless form.
 Pollution of all kinds can have negative effects on the environment and wildlife and
often impacts human health and well-being.
2)POLLUTANT :
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Any substance which causes harmful effects or uneasiness in the
be called as the pollutant.
e.g. : domestic sewage , discarded items , smoke , etc.
However , All pollutants are not always harmful ,if not present in excess
For e.g. : Phosphorus , nitrogen and sulphur increases the fertility of soil and
growth of plants if not present in excess amount than their requirement.
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3) Water pollution :
 Addition of certain substances (such as organic, inorganic, biological
radiological) to the water, which degrades the water quality and makes
unhealthy for use.
 Water pollution is not only confined to surface water but also spread to
groundwater, sea and ocean.
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IDENTIFYING POLLUTED WATER:
Bad or unusual taste
Foul smell
Foamy appearance
Dead aquatic animals
4) AIR POLLUTION:
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Air pollution is defined as the presence of unwanted and undesirable
foreign particles and gases (in sufficient quantity & duration) in the air
which may have adverse effects on human beings animals, vegetations
and important structures.
Unit of measurement : ppm(parts per million) or μg/m3
Some of air pollutants are as follows: carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide
, oxides of nitrogen & sulphur, photochemical oxidants etc.
5) ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION:
 Environment Pollution is the addition of contaminants into the natural
environment that causes detrimental effects to nature, natural resources and
mankind.
 Any unnatural and negative changes in all the dimensions like chemical,
physical and biological characteristics of any component of the ecosystem i.e.
air, water or soil which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life and
property is called environmental pollution.
6)EUTROPHICATION:
 Eutrophication is an enrichment of water by nutrient salts that causes structural
changes to the ecosystem such as: increased production of algae and aquatic
plants, depletion of fish species, general deterioration of water quality and other
effects that reduce and preclude use.
 Eutrophication is a serious environmental problem since it results in a deterioration
of water quality.
Note: ‘Eu’ means healthy and ‘trophy’ means nutrition. The improvement of nutrients in
water bodies causes eutrophication. Domestic waste discharge, agricultural waste,
land drainage and industrial waste in a water body leads to a rapid increase in
nutrients in a water body which initiates early ageing of water bodies.
7)NOISE POLLUTION:
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Noise pollution, unwanted or excessive sound that can have deleterious effects
on human health, wildlife, and environmental quality.
Noise pollution is commonly generated inside many industrial facilities and
some other workplaces, but it also comes from highway, railway, and airplane
traffic and from outdoor construction activities.
Note: The difference between “sound” & “noise” depends upon the listener and the
circumstances.
8)SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
 The term solid waste management mainly refers to the complete process of
collecting, treating and disposing of the solid wastes.
 In the waste management process, the wastes are collected from different
sources and are disposed of. It needs to be monitored so that strict
regulations and guidelines are followed.
 Waste management is all about how solid waste can be changed and used as
a valuable resource.
 Hence the goal of solid waste management is to minimize hazards to
environment due to indiscriminate disposal of solid wastes.
9)BIOMEDICAL WASTE:
 Biomedical waste is defined as any type of waste created during a diagnostic process, the
treatment of a condition or disease, or immunizations of humans or animals. It also
includes any research activities or processes that involve biological testing.
 It maybe Infectious or Non Infectious waste .
Examples of infectious wastes are: human tissues & organs, discarded blood, body
fluids, bandages & dressings, laboratory waste , etc.
10) E-WASTE:
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Electronic waste or e-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic
devices. Used electronics which are destined for refurbishment, reuse, resale,
salvage recycling through material recovery, or disposal are also considered
e-waste.
Informal processing of e-waste can lead to adverse human health effects
and environmental pollution. E-waste is particularly dangerous due to toxic
chemicals that naturally leach from the metals inside when buried.
11) PRIMARY POLLUTANT:
 Primary pollutants are those which remain in the form in which they were added to
the environment
for e.g. : DDT, Plastic.
12) SECONDARY POLLUTANT:
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Secondary pollutants are formed due to interaction of primary pollutants
amongst themselves
e.g.: PAN formed by the interaction of NOx & Hydrocarbons.
13) WATER BORNE DISEASE:
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Waterborne diseases are illnesses caused by microscopic organisms, like
viruses and bacteria, that are ingested through contaminated water .
Microorganisms causing diseases that characteristically are waterborne
prominently include protozoa and bacteria, many of which are intestinal
parasites, or invade the tissues or circulatory system through walls of the
digestive tract. Various other waterborne diseases are caused by viruses.
Important water borne diseases are: Cholera , Typhoid , Dysentery, etc.
14) PATHOGENS:
 A pathogen is an organism that causes disease . Our body is naturally
microbes. However, these microbes only cause a problem if your
system is weakened or if they manage to enter a normally sterile part of
body.
 There are different types of pathogens, but the four most common
viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
 Pathogens can be transmitted a few ways depending on the type. They
spread through skin contact, bodily fluids, airborne particles and
surface touched by an infected person.
Thank you ...