HW exercises CHAP#10 projectile EXO00 Ex 10.3 How does the downward component of a projectile's motion compare to vertical free fall? The downward component of a projectile's motion is free fall (that is, it is exactly the same as free fall). EXO01 Ex 10.6 A friend claims that bullets fired by some high-powered rifles travel for many meters in a straight line path without dropping. Another friend disputes this claim and states that all bullets from any rifle drop beneath a straight-line path a vertical distance given by 1/2 g t2 and that the curved path is apparent at low velocities and less apparent at high velocities. Now it's your turn: Will all bullets drop the same vertical distance in equal times? Explain. EXO01 Ex 10.6 A friend claims that bullets fired by some high-powered rifles trave for many meters in a straight line path without dropping. Another friend disputes this claim and states that all bullets from any rifle drop beneath a straight-line path a vertical distance given by 1/2 g t2 and that the curved path is apparent at low velocities and less apparent at high velocities. Now it's your turn: Will all bullets drop the same vertical distance in equal times? Explain. Your second friend is correct. Everything is affected by gravity and falls with an acceleration g so its vertical distance changes by 1/2 g t2. If its horizontal velocity is low this is easy to see and if its horizontal velocity is high, as with a high-powered rifle, this effect is less apparent and we must be more careful with our experiments to show it. But the effect is present, nonetheless. EXO02 Ex 10.10 A park ranger shoots a monkey hanging from a branch of a tree with a tranquilizing dart. The ranger aims directly at the monkey, not realizing that the dart will follow a parabolic path and thus fall below the monkey. The monkey, however, sees the dart leave the gun and lets go of the branch to avoid being hit. Will the monkey be hit anyway? Does the velocity of the dart affect your answer, assuming it is great enough to travel the horizontal distance to the tree before hitting the ground? As we discussed and demonstrated in class, think of the motion of both dart and monkey if we could somehow turn gravity "off" and fire the dart. Then the dart would move along a straight line and hit the monkey who would remain in place beside the tree branch. Now turn gravity back "on" and fire the dart. Now both dart and monkey fall from their "gravity-off positions" by 1/2 g t2 so the monkey will, again, be hit by the dart. EXO03 Ex 10.15 Since the moon is gravitationally attracted to Earth, why doesn't it simply crash into Earth? The moon is moving and the force that Earth exerts on the moon keeps it moving in a circle around Earth. If we could turn gravity "off", the moon would move off in a straight line instead of moving in a circle. We will return to this question as we look at Newton's Laws of Motion. EXO04 Pb 10.5 John and Tracy look from their 80-m high-rise balcony to a swimming pool below--not exactly below, but, rather, 20 m from the bottom of their building. They wonder how fast they would have to jump horizontally to suceed in reaching the pool. What is your answer? EXO04 How long will it take to fall the vertical distance of 80 m? That time can be found from 1/2 g t2. 1/ g t2 = 80 m 2 1/ (10 m/s2) t2 = 80 m 2 5 t2 = 80 t2 = [ 80 / 5 ] s2 = 16 s2 t=4s Now, what must be the horizontal speed, vo, in order to travel the horizontal distance of 20 m to reach the pool in that time, vo = ∆x/ ∆ t vo = 20 m / 4 s vo = 5 m/s Our high-rise daredevils must leave their window with an initial horizontal velocity of 5 m/s in order to reach the pool by the time they reach ground level. EXO05 Ex 10.* If you are standing in a bus that moves at constant velocity and drop a ball from your outstretched hand, you'll see its path as a vertical straight line. How will the path appear to a friend standing at the side of the road? The path will be that of projectile motion, a parabola. The horizontal motion will be motion at constant speed -- the forward speed of the bus -and the vertical motion will be motion at constant acceleration -- the free fall acceleration due to gravity, - 10 m/s2. EXO04 Ex 10.* If you use large-diameter tires on your car, how will your speedometer reading differ (a speedometer really reads the rpm's of the wheels). As the tires move through one revolution, the car moves forward a distance equal to the circumference of the tire, C = pi d = (pi) x (diameter). If large-diameter tires are used, this distance will be greater than the speedometer was designed for so your car's speed will be greater than that indicated by the speedometer. Watch out for speeding tickets! EXO04 PB 10.* Calculate the ground velocity of an airplane that has an airspeed of 100 km/h when it is in a 100-km/h crosswind. EXO04 You can find the ground speed of 141 km/h by making a careful diagram and measuring the length of this resultant vector. Or, you can find this ground speed numerically, . . The two 100 km/h vectors form two sides of a right triangle. The ground speed is then the hypotenuse of this triangle. You can find its length by using the Pythagorean theorem, hypotenuse = SQRT [ (side1)2 + (side2)2 ] hypotenuse = SQRT [ (100)2 + (100)2 ] hypotenuse = SQRT [ 20 000 ] hypotenuse = 141 km/hEx 10.* Suppose you swim in a direction directly across a flowing river and end up a distance downstream that is less than the width of the river. How does your swimming speed compare to the flow rate of the river? Q1 PB 10.* Find the linear speed of a passenger on a Ferris wheel that has a radius of 10 m and rotates once in 30 seconds. In one revolution, the passenger travels a linear distance equal to the circumference of the Ferris wheel, distance = C = 2 pi r = 2 (pi) (radius) distance = 2 (3.14) (10 m) distance = 62.8 m This distance is covered in a time of t = 30 s, so the passenger's linear speed is speed = distance / time speed = 62.8 m / 30 s speed = 2.1 m/s Q1 According to Newton, the greater the distance between masses of interacting objects, the A) greater the force of gravity, proportional to the distance B) less the force of gravity, inversely as the distance C) greater the force of gravity, proportional to the square of the distance D) less the force of gravity, inversely as the square of the distance Q1 What is the force of gravity on a 500-newton woman standing on the earth's surface? A) 9.8 N B) 50 N C) 500 N D) 5,000 N Q1 If the mass of the earth somehow increased with no change in radius, your weight would A) increase B) decrease C) stay the same D) Q1 If the radius of Earth somehow decreased with no change in mass, your weight would A) increase B) decrease C) stay the same D) Q1
