CARDIO
VASCULAR
SYSTEM
Learning Objectives:
1. Describe the major components of the
cardiovascular system and their functions.
2. State the flow of blood in the body.
3. Differentiate pulmonary and
circulation.
4. Describe the different disorders.
systemic
The Cardiovascular System
Function:
The function of the cardiovascular system is
to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove
carbon dioxide and other waste products of the
body.
Three Major Components
1.Heart
2.Blood Vessels
3.Blood
The Heart
1. The Heart
- made up of cardiac muscle
- pumps blood to all parts of
the body (pumping station)
- as big as your fist
Location of Heart
Location:
 Superior surface of
diaphragm
 Left of the midline
 Anterior to the vertebral
column, posterior to the
sternum
 Pointed apex directed
toward left hip
Structure of Heart
• Three layers of tissue
– Epicardium
A serous membrane of smooth outer
surface of heart
– Myocardium
Middle layer composed of cardiac
muscle cell and responsibility for
heart contracting
– Endocardium
Smooth inner surface of heart
chambers
Parts of the Heart
The Four Chambers
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Associated Great Vessels of the Heart
 Vena cava
Enters right atrium
 Pulmonary arteries
Leave right ventricle
 Pulmonary veins
Enter left atrium
 Aorta
Leaves left ventricle
The Four Valves of the Heart
A heart valve normally allows blood flow in only one direction
through the heart.
1.Tricuspid valve
-between right atrium and right ventricle
2.Pulmonary valve
- between right ventricle and pulmonary
artery
3.Bicuspid valve
- between left atrium and left ventricle
4.Aortic valve
- between left ventricle and aorta
The Blood Vessels
2. Blood Vessels
-a network of tubes
-blood from the heart gets around
the body through blood vessels
There are 3 types of blood vessels
a.
b.
c.
ARTERY
CAPILLARY
VEIN
1.The ARTERY
- Arteries
carry blood away
from the heart.
the elastic fibers allow the
artery to stretch under pressure
2. The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
The exchange of materials between
the blood and the body can occur
through capillaries.
the wall of a capillary
is only one cell thick
3. The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards
to the heart.
veins have valves which act
to stop the blood from going
in the wrong direction.
The Blood
3. The Blood
Blood is a bodily fluid
that delivers necessary
substances such as
nutrients and oxygen to
the cells and transports
metabolic
waste
products away from the
cells such as CO2.
The Blood
Components of Blood
a.
b.
c.
d.
Plasma
Red Blood Cells / Erythrocytes
White Blood / Leukocytes
Platelets / Thrombocytes
The Blood
A. Plasma
Liquid portion of the
blood. Contains clotting
factors, hormones,
antibodies, dissolved
gases, nutrients and
waste
The Blood
B. Erythrocytes - Red
Blood Cells
Red blood cells are discshaped cells containing
hemoglobin, which enables
the cells to pick up and
deliver oxygen to all parts of
the body, then pick up
carbon dioxide and remove
it from tissues.
The Blood
C. Leukocytes – White
cells
Blood
–Fight infection and are
formed in the bone marrow
•Five types
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
The Blood
D. Thrombocytes –
Platelets
These are cell fragment that
are formed in the bone marrow
from magakaryocytes.
Clot Blood by sticking together
– via protein fibers called fibrin.
Blood Types
 There are four different types of blood
 A, B, AB, O
 They are determined by the protein (antigen) found
on the RBC
 Type A, has protein (antigen) A on the RBC
 Type B, has protein (antigen) B on the RBC
 Type AB, has both protein (antigen) A and B on the
RBC
 Type O, has neither protein (antigen) on the RBC
Blood Types
Flow of Blood in the
Heart
Flow of Blood in the Body
Circuits
Pulmonary circuit
The blood pathway
between the right side of
the heart, to the lungs, and
back to the left side of the
heart.
R V
LUNGS
LA
Systemic circuit
The pathway between the
left and right sides of the
heart.
L V
BODY
RA
Blood Pressure
Diastolic pressure
is the minimum pressure in the arteries, which occurs
when the heart is relaxed.
Systolic pressure
is highest pressure in the arteries, which occurs when
the heart contracts.
NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE :
120/70
Common Circulatory Disorders
 Anemia - lack of iron in the blood, low RBC count
 Leukemia - white blood cells proliferate wildly, causing
anemia
 Heart Murmur - abnormal heart beat, caused by valve
problems
 Heart attack - blood vessels around the heart become
blocked with plaque, also called myocardial infarction
 Atherosclerosis- Literally, “hardening of the fatty stuff.”
High fat diets can lead to formation of fatty plaques
lining blood vessels.
Thank
You