3/19/2022
Applied Physics LAB
Assignment - 1
Moaz Farooq
01-134221-038
Vernier Calipers
Contents
Vernier Calipers.…….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 2
Literature review ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Problem Statement ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Solution ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Results ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Applications ............................................................................................................................................... 7
1
2
Introduction
easurements and calculations, according to said “measurements”
are the basis of physics and is the most integral part and base of
physics, without proper measurements, modern day physics would
not exist, it would simply cease to exist, hence the great importance of
measuring tools, such as vernier calipers.
M
Vernier Caliper, is a measuring tool, widely used to accurately measure the
length, diameter or any dimension related to length (SI unit: Metre), vernier
calipers have two scales, both which require precision for calculating results,
there has been extensive research on the tool since it has been being used
since 1631 by Peirre Vernier [1]
Literature review
Vernier Calipers have been extensively used in measuring lengths with
high precision and accuracy (Least count: 0.02 mm) [2], a number of
extensive and well-planned reviews have been published on the tools like S.
A. OHID* & B. B. MISHRA from ITER, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan Deemed to
be University, Bhubaneswar, India published their work to the
International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering
Research and Development (IJMPERD) in full depth of the tool. [2]
Journal Link:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333743985_A_Review_on_
Vernier_Calliper
Hence, Vernier Calipers can be said to be a great tool when it comes
to measuring different lengths with the utmost accuracy it can provided.
Also Developed By:
1. John Barrow
2. Pedro Nuns
Both of which contributed in bringing forth the vernier calipers as we
know of today.
3
Problem Statement
Let’s dive in to how we can actually use the calipers to our advantage
and find an actual length for an object.
Question:
Find the height of the box in which the vernier caliper was placed in
the applied physics lab.
1. State your measurements.
2. State the procedure through which you found your
measurement.
3. Display your results and discuss if there were any errors in your
measure or the vernier calipers.
Draw a table to display your results.
Good Luck!
4
Solution
Measurements and procedure:
To take measurements in vernier calipers, first of all we need to
check if the calipers have a 0 error or not, to check we slide the main
scale and the vernier scale shut and check the scales at the 0 point if
they both lie at 0 it means that there is no zero error but if the vernier
scale is on the right of the zero of the main scale it means it has a
positive value and the vernier scale reading(at 0) will have to be
subtracted from the measured vernier scale value and vice versa for
negative error.
Open the jaws of the vernier calipers and fit in the object (vernier
scale box) check the main scale reading and note it down, secondly
note down the vernier scale reading.
Multiply the vernier scale reading with the least count to get the
accurate value, add the value to the main scale and the
measurement is complete
Actual length = main scale reading + vernier scale reading × least count
5
6
Results
Least Count = 0.05 cm
Main Scale Reading (cm)
Verner Scale Reading
Material
1
1
1.90
2
1.90
Ave
1.90
1
6
2
6
Ave
6
2
1.90
1.90
1.90
6
6
3
1.90
1.90
1.90
6
4
1.90
1.90
1.90
7
Vernier Scale
reading x Least
count (cm)
Actual Length
(cm)
0.03
1.930
6
0.03
1.930
6
6
0.03
1.930
7
7
0.03
1.935
Zero error = none (0)
There were no zero errors and the least count multiplication was correct,
the object was measured 4 times with the same vernier caliper in the
applied physics lab, hence all things considered to be correct.
Applications
Machine Manufacturing industry:
Modern Industry and products depend on complex tools and devices in order to be made and
vernier caliper is a tool used for measurement in it.
Medical Instruments:
Medical specialists require maximum precision when it comes to their tools hence vernier
calipers are used.
Locksmiths:
High precision tool manufacturing.
Educational Institutes:
Providing a basis on how to take measurements, teachers use it to help students understand
better.
These were some examples and the list continues.
7
References
X. Zhang, D. Peng, X. Chen, and X. Liu, “Development of a new angular displacement sensor
based on principle of vernier caliper,” in Third International Symposium on Precision Mechanical
Measurements, PTS 1 AND 2, 2006, vol. 6280, no. 1&2.
T. Connelly and A. Dixon, “Surgical Pearl: Use of digital Vernier calipers for measurement of
lesional and excisional dimensions,” J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 56, no. 1, p. 146, Jan. 2007
S.-Y. Jiang, C.-W. Huang, Y.-L. Lo, and K.-H. Cheng, “Vernier Caliper and Equivalent-Signal
Sampling for Built-In Jitter Measurement System,” IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun.
Comput. Sci., vol. E92A, no. 2, pp. 389–400, Feb. 2009.
10. D. Naidu and T. J. Freer, “The evidence supporting methods of tooth width measurement:
Part I. Vernier calipers to stereophotogrammetry,” Aust. Orthod. J., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 159–163,
Nov. 201
C.-F. Huang, C.-Y. Liu, and Y.-C. Chen, “A Novel Successive Approximation Register ADC Based on
Vernier Caliper Design,” in Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on Intelligent
Technologies And Engineering Systems (ICITES2013), 2014, vol. 293, pp. 299–305.
M. I. Etingof, “Modern vernier caliper,” Meas. Tech., vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 890–893, Nov. 2012.
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