Lab report on
Dimensional changes after washing
Course Code: AWF-514
Course Title: Apparel Wash & Finishing
Submitted to
Prof. Engr. Zulhash Uddin.
Professor, Former Dean
Department of Textile Engineering
BUTEx
Submitted By
Rajdeep Saha
Id: 211-32-429
Department of Textile Engineering
Daffodil International University
Date of Submission: 02/11/2021
Index
CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 3
Washing and chemical functions: ........................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Basically washing depends on these four processes: ........................................................................ 4
1.1.1 Dry Process includes Scrap area, Laser, rubbing etc. .................................................................... 4
1.1.2 WIP Includes Washing, Hydro, and Dryer. ................................................................................... 4
1.1.3 Washing process includes Washing and Sampling department. .................................................... 5
1.1.4 Potassium permanganate spray ...................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Types of chemical used in Garments washing .................................................................................. 6
1.3 Function of chemicals in washing:.................................................................................................... 7
1.4 Types of Machine Used in Garments Washing................................................................................. 8
1.4.1 Machine Descriptions: ................................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 11
After washing effects and their dimensional changes: .......................................................................... 11
2.1 (1st sample: 100% cotton) ............................................................................................................... 12
2.1.1 Summary of test result: ................................................................................................................ 12
2.1.2 Dimensional Stability to Washing ............................................................................................... 13
2.1.3 Appearance after Washing ........................................................................................................... 13
2.1.4 Spirality after Washing ................................................................................................................ 14
2.2 (2nd sample: 98% Cotton 2% Elastane) ......................................................................................... 15
2.2.1 SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS .............................................................................................. 15
2.2.2 Dimensional Stability to Washing: .............................................................................................. 16
2.2.3 Appearance after Washing: .......................................................................................................... 16
2.2.4 Spirality after Washing ................................................................................................................ 17
2.3 (3rd sample: 75% Cotton 22% Polyester 3% Elastane .................................................................. 18
2.3.1SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS ............................................................................................... 18
2.3.2 Dimensional Stability to Washing: .............................................................................................. 19
2.3.3 Appearance after Washing: .......................................................................................................... 20
1
2.3.4 Spirality after Washing ................................................................................................................ 21
2.4 (4th sample: 70% Cotton 29% Polyester 1% Elastane) ................................................................... 22
2.4.1 SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS .............................................................................................. 22
2.4.2 Dimensional Stability to Washing: .............................................................................................. 23
2.4.3 Appearance after Washing: .......................................................................................................... 23
2.4.4 Spirality after Washing: ............................................................................................................... 24
2.5 (5th Sample: 72% Cotton 22% Polyester 4% Viscose 2% Elastane.) .............................................. 25
2.5.1 SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS .............................................................................................. 25
2.5.2 Dimensional Stability to Washing: .............................................................................................. 26
2.5.3 Appearance after Washing: .......................................................................................................... 26
2.5.4 Spirality after Washing: ............................................................................................................... 27
2.6 Differentiating based on their Dimensional changes: ..................................................................... 28
CHAPTER 3 ......................................................................................................................................... 29
Impact of this Lab Report ..................................................................................................................... 29
3.1 Conclusion: ..................................................................................................................................... 30
2
CHAPTER 1
Washing and chemical functions:
3
1.1 Basically washing depends on these four processes:
 DRY Process
 WIP ( Work in Progress)
 Wet process
 PP Spray
1.1.1 Dry Process includes Scrap area, Laser, rubbing etc.
 Health effects:
 There are so much Particulate matter and that affects the lungs and Respiratory.
 Required:
 Dust/ Surgical Mask
 Gloves
 Apron
1.1.2 WIP Includes Washing, Hydro, and Dryer.





 Health effects:
There are many chemicals used in WIP process.
Bleach - May effect you lungs
Acids – May effect your skin and lungs
Other Dyes, Softener
Fixer - May cause Irritation and inflammation.




 Required:
Dust/ Surgical Mask
Gloves
Rubber shoes
Apron
4
1.1.3 Washing process includes Washing and Sampling department.





 Health effects:
There are many chemicals used in WIP process.
Bleach - May effect you lungs
Acids – May affect your skin, lungs & Clothes
Other Dyes, Softener
Fixer - May cause







 Required:
PPES Required:
Dust/ Surgical Mask
Gloves
Ear muffs
Rubber shoes
Apron
Helmet
1.1.4 Potassium permanganate spray
 Health effects:
 Potassium Permanganate can affect you when breathed in.
 Burn the skin and eyes with possible eye damage.
 Breathing Potassium Permanganate can irritate the nose and throat.
 Breathing Potassium Permanganate can irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or
shortness of breath.
 Required:
 Gas/Dust/ Surgical Mask
 Gloves
 Ear muffs
 Rubber shoes
 Apron
5
1.2 Types of chemical used in Garments washing:
 Enzymes
 Anti Creasing agent
 Detergents
 Bleaching powder
 Caustic Soda
 Potassium permanganate
 Soda Ash
 Softeners
 Acetic Acid
 Leveling agent
 Hydrogen Peroxide
 Optical Brightener
 Anti Back stainer
 Resin
 Whitening agent
 Stabilizer
 Water proofing agent
 Rubbing fastness improve
Chemical used in Garments industries
6
1.3 Function of chemicals in washing:
 Enzymes: The wash which is followed by enzymes and gives a worn outlook is called
enzyme wash. They speed up the rate of a chemical reaction and remain the same
after the reaction.
 Detergents: Detergents are used to remove the dirt and dust from the garments and
they can also be used as a desizing agent as they wash away some of the colors.
 Caustic Soda: Caustic soda is used for many reasons like desizing, bleaching, etc. It
removes the impurities from the fabric's surface.
 Wetting Agent: The agent which increases the wet ability of the textile material or
fiber.
 Sizing Agents: During weaving warp yarn subjected to several types of actions.
Those chemicals are used to reduce the breakage of yarn and increase strength.
 Leveling Agents: Leveling agents tend to slow down the dye uptake of the fibers
helping to produce a more uniform color in the textile fiber.
 Dye Fixing Agents: Used to increase the stability of the color on the textile material
and fix them.
 Printing Thickener: Those substances if applied to any fabric, color can’t bleed
beyond the specific area is called printing thickener.
 Oxidizing Agents: Gains electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction.
 Reducing Agents: Loses electrons and is oxidized in a chemical reaction.
 Resin: Used on fabric to create a soft hand feeling after washing
7
1.4 Types of Machine Used in Garments Washing
1. Sample washing machine,
2. Side loading washing machine,
3. Front loading washing machine,
4. Hydro extractor machine.
5. Steam dryer,
6. Gas dryer,
7. Chemical mixing machine,
8. Industrial woven (Gas),
9. Industrial woven (Electric),
10. Boiler,
11. Submersible pump,
12. Grinding machine,
13. Tagging machine,
14. Steam chamber for crinkle,
15. Effluent treatment plant (E.T.P),
16. Generator,
17. Sandblasting gun.
18. Sandblasting chamber
19. Spray gun,
20. Spray dummy
21. Screw compressor.
8
1.4.1 Machine Descriptions:
 Sample washing machine:
In the garments washing plant, a sample washer is a crucial piece of kit. All
the sample garments are washed here. A sample washer may be a must for any
garments washing plant.
 Side loading washing machine:
A side-loading washer is employed for laundry bulk garments.
 Front loading washing machine:
In the latest garments washing plant, the front-loading washer is common. It’s
also used for laundry bulk garments. It’s such a lot of advantage over side
loading machine.
 Hydro extractor machine:
This type of machine is employed for extracting excess water from the clothes.
 Steam dryer:
The steam dryer is one quiet dryer that's run with the assistance of steam. If
the clothes shade is going to be needed during a blue tone then a steam dryer is
going to be used.
 Gas dryer:
A gas dryer is additionally one quiet dryer that's run with the assistance of gas.
If the clothes shade is going to be needed during a reddish tone then a gas
dryer is going to be used.
 Chemical mixing machine:
A chemical mixing machine is required in mixing the chemical. It’s important
equipment in garments washing plant.
 Industrial woven (Gas):
Industrial woven is employed for curing 3D garments. This sort of machine is
run with the assistance of gas.
 Industrial woven (Electric):
This kind of woven machine is run with the assistance of electricity. This sort
of machine is additionally used for curing 3D garments. For completing the
3D process properly, Industrial woven may be a must in garment washing
plants
 Boiler:
The boiler is important equipment in garments washing plants. The boiler is
needed for producing steam.
9
 Submersible pump:
Submersible pump plays an important role to provide necessary water in all
the wet process of garments washing plants. It is a must for running any
garments washing plants.
 Grinding machine:
A grinding machine is used in the dry process of the garments washing plant.
It has so much importance in producing a grinding effect on the garments.
 Tagging machine:
A tagging machine is also used in the dry process of garments washing plants.
Creating a tag effect in garments has so much importance.
 Steam chamber for crinkle:
This type of machine is needed for the crinkling process of garment washing
plants.
 Effluent treatment plant (E.T.P):
E.T.P plays an important role in receiving an order from the buyer. E.T.P plan
is a must for a 100% export-oriented garments washing factory.
 Generator:
For producing electricity, the generator is important equipment in garment
washing plants.
 Sandblasting gun:
Sandblasting gun is used in the dry process of garment washing plants. During
sandblasting it’s needed.
 Sandblasting chamber:
Sandblasting chamber is also used in the dry process of garments washing
plants. It’s a crying need in the sandblasting process.
 Spray gun:
The spray gun is used in the dry process of the garment washing plant. It’s
needed during P.P spray.
 Spray dummy:
A spray dummy is needed in the dry process of the garment washing plant.
During P.P spray it’s used.
 Screw compressor:
The screw compressor is important equipment in garments washing plants.
10
CHAPTER 2
After washing effects and their dimensional changes:
All Data was collected from Clamoon Garments Ltd.
Address: Plot # 04, Block # I, Road # 06, Section # 07, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216
11
2.1 (1st sample: 100% cotton)
2.1.1 Summary of test result:
Test property
Pass
Color Fastness To Washing

Color Fastness to Rubbing

Fail

Color Fastness To Light
Dimensional Stability To Washing

Appearance After Washing

Spiraled After Washing

Mass Per Unit Area


Thread Count
Tear Strength

Seam slippage

Safety Of Children's Clothing - Cords And Drawstrings
On Children's Clothing

Note: P= Pass
F= Fail
N/A= Not Applicable
12
2.1.2 Dimensional Stability to Washing
Test method
: DIN EN ISO 3175:2011
DIN EN ISO 5077:2007
DIN EN ISO 6330:2012
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent
Washing effects:
Based on
before wash
after wash
Dimensional change Requirements
½ Chest
38.3
37.8
-1.3
Centre back length
F.Length From
HPS to Bottom
Side Seam
62.3
62.0
-0.5
61.5
44.8
61.3
44.5
-0.3
-0.7
½ Bottom
51.5
51.1
-0.8
-3% to +2%
Remark:
(+)=Extension
(-)=Shrinkage
IWB=Include waistband.
2.1.3 Appearance after Washing
Test method: DIN EN ISO 6330: 2012
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent, 2kg loading
Drying Procedure: Line dry
Others: Turn Inside Out
13
After one wash-
M001
Requirement
Colour change
4-5
4-5
Cross staining
/
4-5
Observation
-
*See Remark
--
No significant change was found on button/slider/rivet of the washed
sample.
--
Tiny creases found on body of the washed sample.
--
Slight stitching effect found on body of the washed sample.
-Conclusion
Spirality: 0.0%
The general appearance of the washed sample was Satisfactory
2.1.4 Spirality after Washing
Test method: DIN EN ISO 16322-3:2005
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent, 2kg loading
Drying Procedure: Line dry
Others: Turn Inside Out
After one wash-
M001
Requirement
Spirality(%)
0.0
≤3 %
14
2.2 (2nd sample: 98% Cotton 2% Elastane)
2.2.1 SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS
Test property
Pass
Color Fastness To Washing

Color Fastness to Rubbing

Color Fastness To Light

Dimensional Stability To Washing


Appearance After Washing
Spiraled After Washing
Fail

Mass Per Unit Area

Thread Count

Tear Strength

Seam slippage

Reducing Elongation

Note: P= Pass
F= Fail
N/A= Not Applicable
15
2.2.2 Dimensional Stability to Washing:
Test method: DIN EN ISO 3175:2011
DIN EN ISO 5077:2007
DIN EN ISO 6330:2012
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent.
Based on
before wash
after wash
Dimensional change
Requirements
Waist
116.0
115.6
-0.3
-3% to +2%
Inseam
64.9
64.6
-0.5
Side seam (IWB) 90.5
90.2
-0.3
Front rise (IWB) 27.1
27.0
-0.4
Back rise (IWB) 45.8
45.6
-0.4
½ Hip
65.5
65.3
-0.3
Thigh
78.0
77.6
-0.5
½ Bottom
25.9
25.7
-0.8
Remark:
(+)=Extension
(-)=Shrinkage
IWB=Include waistband
2.2.3 Appearance after Washing:
Test method: DIN EN ISO 6330: 2012
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent, 2kg loading
Drying procedure: Line dry.
Others:Wash Inside Out
16
After one wash
Color change
Cross staining
Multifiber Staining
Acetate
Cotton
Nylon
Polyester
Acrylic
Wool
M001
4-5
4-5
4-5
4-5
4-5
4-5
4-5
4-5
4-5
Requirement
4-5
4-5
4-5
Observation:
--No significant change was found on button/rivet/zipper/heat seal label/Patch of the washed
sample.
--Tiny creases were found on body of the washed sample.
--Slight puckering effect was found along the stitching of the washed sample.
--Some portion of the black print on heat seal label area at inner waist of the washed sample
was washed off noticeably.
--Twisting: 0.0%
Conclusion:
Unsatisfactory.
2.2.4 Spirality after Washing
Test method: DIN EN ISO 16322-3:2005
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent, 2kg loading.
Drying Procedure: Line dry
Others: Wash Inside Out
After one wash
M001
Requirement
Spirality(%)
0.0%
≤2.5%
17
2.3 (3rd sample: 75% Cotton 22% Polyester 3% Elastane)
2.3.1SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS
Test property
Pass
Color Fastness To Washing

Color Fastness to Rubbing


Color Fastness To Light
Dimensional Stability To Washing

Appearance After Washing

Spiraled After Washing


Mass Per Unit Area
Thread Count

Tear Strength

Seam slippage

Reducing Elongation
Fail

Note: P= Pass
F= Fail
N/A= Not Applicable
18
2.3.2 Dimensional Stability to Washing:
Test method: DIN EN ISO 3175:2011
DIN EN ISO 5077:2007
DIN EN ISO 6330:2012
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent.
Before wash
(cm)
Waist-relaxed 86.0
after wash
Dimensional change Requirement
85.0
-1.2
Waist-stretched 89.0
89.0
0.0
Inseam
29.8
-0.7
Side seam (IWB) 51.5
51.1
-0.8
Front rise (IWB) 25.5
25.2
-1.2
Back rise (IWB) 36.6
36.0
-1.6
½ Hip
50.7
50.2
-1.0
½ Bottom
23.6
23.4
-0.8
30.0
-3% to +2%
Remark:
(+)=Extension
(-)=Shrinkage
IWB=Include waistband
19
2.3.3 Appearance after Washing:
Test method: DIN EN ISO 6330: 2012
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent, 2kg loading
Drying Procedure: Line Dry
Others: Wash Inside Out
After one wash
M001
Requirement
Colour change
4-5
4-5
Cross staining
4-5
4-5
Multifiber Staining
Cotton
4-5
Acetate
4-5
Nylon
4-5
Polyester
4-5
Acrylic
4-5
Wool
4-5
Observation
No significant change was found on
Patch/Rivet/Zipper/Button/Heat seal label of the washed sample.
Tiny creases found on body of the washed sample. Slight fuzzy effect
(4-5) was observed of the washed sample.Slight puckering effect were
found along the stitching of the washed sample.
Spirality: 0.0%
Conclusion
The general appearance of the washed sample was Satisfactory
Remark:
No visible changes of fabric surface, colour, print, haptic
No noticeable shape distortion
20
2.3.4 Spirality after Washing
Test method: DIN EN ISO 16322-3:2005
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent, 2kg loading
Drying Procedure: Line Dry
Others: Wash Inside Out
After one wash
M001
Requirements
Spirality(%)
0.0
≤3%
21
2.4 (4th sample: 70% Cotton 29% Polyester 1% Elastane)
2.4.1 SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS
Test property
Pass
Color Fastness To Washing

Color Fastness to Rubbing

Color Fastness To Light

Dimensional Stability To Washing


Appearance After Washing
Spiraled After Washing
Fail


Mass Per Unit Area
Thread Count

Tear Strength

Seam slippage

Reducing Elongation

Note: P= Pass
F= Fail
N/A= Not Applicable
22
2.4.2 Dimensional Stability to Washing:
Test method: DIN EN ISO 3175:2011
DIN EN ISO 5077:2007
DIN EN ISO 6330:2012
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent.
Based on
before wash
after wash
Dimensional change Requirements
Waist – relaxed
97.0
96.4
-0.6
Waist – stretched
100.0
100.0
0.0
Inseam
32.0
31.8
-0.6
Side seam (IWB)
55.2
55.0
-0.4
Front rise (IWB)
26.7
26.5
-0.7
Back rise (IWB)
40.3
39.7
-1.5
½ Hip
57.0
56.5
-0.9
½ Bottom
23.9
23.6
-1.3
-3% to +2%
Remark:
(+)=Extension
(-)=Shrinkage
IWB=Include waistband
2.4.3 Appearance after Washing:
Test method: DIN EN ISO 6330: 2012
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent, 2kg loading
Drying Procedure: Line Dry
Others: Wash Inside Out
23
After one wash
M001
Requirements
Colour change
4-5
4-5
Cross staining
4-5
4-5
Multifiber Staining
4-5
Acetate
4-5
Cotton
4-5
Nylon
4-5
Polyester
4-5
Acrylic
4-5
Wool
4-5
Observation:
1
No Significant change was found on patch/button/zipper/rivet of the
washed sample.
Slight fuzzy effect was found of the washed sample(Grade: 4-5)
Tiny creases were found of the washed sample.
Slight puckering effect was found on stitching area of the washed sample.
Heat Seal label were partially Peeled off of the washed sample.
2
3
4
5
Twisting:
Conclusion
0.0%
Unsatisfactory.
Remark:
No visible changes of fabric surface, colour, print, haptic
No noticeable shape distortion
2.4.4 Spirality after Washing:
Test method: ISO 16322-3:2005
Type of Machine:Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition:Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent, 2kg loading
Drying Procedure:Line Dry
Others:Wash Inside Out
After one wash
Spirality(%)
M001
0.0
Requirements
≤2.5%
24
2.5 (5th Sample: 72% Cotton 22% Polyester 4% Viscose 2% Elastane.)
2.5.1 SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS
Test property
Pass
Color Fastness To Washing

Color Fastness to Rubbing

Color Fastness To Light

Dimensional Stability To Washing

Appearance After Washing

Spiraled After Washing

Fail

Mass Per Unit Area
Thread Count

Tear Strength

Seam slippage

Safety Of Children's Clothing - Cords And Drawstrings
On Children's Clothing

Note: P= Pass
F= Fail
N/A= Not Applicable
25
2.5.2 Dimensional Stability to Washing:
Test method: DIN EN ISO 5077:2007
DIN EN ISO 6330:2012
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent.
Based on
before wash
after wash
Dimensional change
Requirements
Waist
64.0
63.0
-1.6
-3% to +2%
Inseam
62.2
61.4
-1.3
Side seam (IWB) 82.0
81.0
-1.2
Front rise (IWB) 18.3
18.1
-1.1
Back rise (IWB) 30.6
30.0
-2.0
½Hip
35.3
35.0
-0.8
Thigh
43.0
42.2
-1.9
½ Bottom
14.0
13.7
-2.1
Note: P= Pass
F= Fail
N/A= Not Applicable
2.5.3 Appearance after Washing:
Test method: DIN EN ISO 6330: 2012
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent, 2kg loading
Drying Procedure: Line dry
Others: Wash Inside Out
26
After one wash
M001
Requirements
Colour change
4-5
4-5
Cross staining
4-5
4-5
Multifiber Staining
4-5
Cotton
4-5
Acetate
4-5
Nylon
4-5
Polyester
4-5
Acrylic
4-5
Wool
4-5
Observation
No significant change was found on Print/ Button/ Zipper/Rivet of the washed
sample.
Tiny creases found on body of the washed sample.
Slight puckering effect was found along stitching of the washed sample.
Spirality:
0.0%
Conclusion:
Remark:
The general appearance of the washed sample was Satisfactory.
No visible changes of fabric surface, color, print, haptic
No noticeable shape distortion
2.5.4 Spirality after Washing:
Test method: DIN EN ISO 16322-3:2005
Type of Machine: Domestic Washing Machine, Miele
Washing Condition: Minimum Iron, at 30°C, Woolite detergent, 2kg loading
Drying Procedure: Line dry
Others: Wash Inside Out
After one wash
M001
Requirements
Spirality(%)
0.0
≤2.5%
27
2.6 Differentiating based on their Dimensional changes:
Based on
Waist
Inseam
Side seam Front rise
Back rise
½Hip
Thigh
½ Bottom
100%
cotton
-1.3
_
-0.7
_
-0.5
_
_
-0.8
75%
Cotton
22%
Polyester
3%
Elastane
-1.2
-0.7
-0.8
-1.2
-1.6
-1.0
_
-0.8
70%
Cotton
29%
Polyester
1%
Elastane
-0.6
-0.6
-0.4
-0.7
-1.5
-0.9
_
-1.3
98%
Cotton
2%
Elastane
-0.3
-0.5
-0.3
-0.4
-0.4
-0.3
-0.5
-0.8
72%
Cotton
22%
Polyester
4%
Viscose
2%
Elastane
-1.6
-1.3
-1.2
-1.1
-2.0
-0.8
-1.9
-2.1
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CHAPTER 3
Impact of this Lab Report
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3.1 Conclusion:
Through this lab report, we can learn about different amounts of fabric washing with the
same amount of washing instruments.
By summarizing this lab report and comparing their wastage percentages (2.2) we know that,
Overall 72% Cotton 22% Polyester 4% Viscose 2% Elastane fabrics have been wasted the
most here and 100% cotton has less wasted.
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Thank you
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