Assignment t3 tInstructions Assignment t3 tInstructions tQuestion t3.1 t(15 tmarks) You have been asked to do preliminary coordination of the ceiling space in a new building. The building is a long narrow office building and has a run of 10 meeting rooms in a row. Each meeting room requires 472l/s (1000cfm) of supply air. A single supply air duct running along the corridor outside the meeting rooms serves all 10 rooms, the branch ducts for each room splitting off from the main duct in sequence as we move down the corridor 1. Draw ta tsimple tsingle-line tschematic tlayout tof tthe tduct tsystem tdescribed. 2. For teach tduct tsection, tindicate tthe tair tflow tand trectangular tand tround tduct tsize. 3. For tthe tend tof tthe tcorridor twhere tthe tduct tis tlargest, tdraw ta tdimensioned tpreliminary tceiling tspace tsection tshowing tthe tcoordination tof tthe tsupply tair tduct twith: a) the tflat tslab tconcrete tstructure b) the tT-bar tceiling c) 125mm tdeep tceiling tmounted trecessed tlight tfixtures d) a t150mm t× t300mm texhaust tduct trunning tat tright tangles tto tthe tsupply tduct e) a t75mm t× t300mm tcable ttray trunning tparallel tto tthe tsupply tduct f) a tbank tof tsix t50mm t(75mm twith tinsulation) tpipes trunning tparallel twith tthe tsupply tduct. tProvide ta tdescription tof tthe tlogic tyou tused tin tarriving tat tyour tcoordination tsection. Question t3.2 t(20 tmarks) In tthis texercise, tyou twill tinvestigate tbuilding tautomation tsystems, tin tparticular tthe taspect tof tflow tcontrol tto tdeliver toptimum tair tto tan tend tclient. tTo tundertake tthis tquestion, tuse tinformation tin tattached tappendices. The tfigure tabove tis tan toverview tof tan tair thandling tunit twhich tone tmight tfind tin ta tbuilding. tA tnumber tof tcomponents tare trequired tfor tthis tsystem tto tfunction tproperly. tAir tis tbrought tin tfrom tthe toutside tand, tin tthis texample, tmixed twith tair tbeing treturned tthrough tthe treturn tduct twork. tThis tair tflows tto ta tsupply tfan, tand tsensors tprovide tinputs twhich tdetermine twhether tadditional tcooling, theating tor thumidity tis trequired tbefore tbeing tsent tto tthe tarea(s) tserved. a. Review tthe tabove tschematic tof tan tAir tHandler. Air thandler tassists tin tregulating tthe tcirculation tof tindoor tair tand tthe ttemperature tof tthe tair tin thome tthat thave tset ton tthermostat tor tcontrol tsystem. tAir thandler tconsists tof tan tevaporator tcoil, tblower tmotor, tair tfilter tand tthe telectrical tand telectronic tcomponents trequired tto tdeliver tenhanced tlevels tof tindoor tcomfort. Coil: tThe tindoor tcoil tor tevaporator tcoil tis ta tcrucial tcomponent tof tthe trefrigeration tcycle. t When thome trequires tcool tindoor tair, tthe tcoil tis tcold tand tremoves thumidity tas tthe tindoor tair tpasses tover tit. tThis tmakes tthe tconditioned tair tfeel tcooler tthroughout tyour thome. Blower tMotor: tThe tblower tmoves tthe tair tto tthe tconnected tductwork tto tcirculate tit tinto tyour tindoor tspaces. tThe tblower tmotor tmay tbe ta tsingle tspeed, tmulti-speed tor tvariable tspeed tmodel. Single-speed: tOperates tat tone, tfixed tspeed. tThese tmotors tare tcycled ton tand toff, tas trequired tby ta tthermostat tor tcontrol tsystem. Multi-speed: tHas tthe tability tto toperate tat tmultiple tspeeds, tdepending ton tthe tdemand. tThe tmulti-speed tblower tmotor tmay toperate tat t100% tto tmeet ta thigh-demand tthermostat tor tcontrol tsystem tsetting. tA tlow-stage tdemand twill treduce tthe tspeed tof tthe tblower tmotor. tThis tlow tspeed tmay tmaintain treduced thumidity tlevels, tprovide tsustained tcomfort tand tbe tmore tenergy-efficient tthan twhen tused tin ta tsingle-stage tsystem. Variable-speed: tVaries tthe tfan tspeeds tto tprecisely tcontrol tthe tflow tof theated tor tcooled tair tthroughout tyour thome tbased ton tyour tindoor tcomfort trequirements. tA tvariable tspeed tmotor tcan thelp tcontrol tindoor thumidity tlevels tand tachieve ta tconsistent ttemperature tin tyour thome. tAccording tto tthe tOffice tof tEnergy tEfficiency t& tRenewable tEnergy, t“variablespeed tmotor trunning tcontinuously tat ta thalf tspeed tuses tup tto t25% tof tthe tpower tto tmove tthe tsame tamount tof tair.” Filter: tBefore tyour tair tconditioned tor theated tair tenters tyour tductwork, tit tpasses tthrough tan tair tfilter. tThe tfilter tis tintended tto tminimize tthe tnumber tof tparticulates tcirculated tthroughout tyour thome, taccumulate tin tthe tduct twork, tand tland ton tthe tindoor tcomponents tof tyour theat tpump tsystem. In tcoordination twith tyour tHVAC tsystem’s tductwork, tthe tair thandler tsimultaneously tcreates ta trecurring tcycle, tdelivering tair tout tto tyour tindoor tspaces tthrough tsupply tvents tand tdrawing tair tin tthrough tthe treturn tvents. tEven tif tyour tis tproperly tsized twith tyour toutdoor theat tpump, ta tlicensed tprofessional tHVAC tdealer tshould tensure tthat tthe tair tsupply tand tmovement tthrough tthe tair thandler tare tbalanced. t An tinadequate tamount tof tair tflow tin tthe tsupply tvents, treturn tvents tor tductwork tmay treduce tthe tHVAC tsystem’s tbalance twhich tcan tpotentially tcheat tyou tout tof tyour tequipment’s tefficiency tand tsacrifice tyour tindoor tcomfort. tThis tis tone tof tthe tmany treasons twhy tproper tinstallation tby ta tlicensed tprofessional tHVAC tdealer tmatters tto tyour tHVAC tequipment’s tlongevity, tenergy tcosts, tand tindoor tcomfort. b. For tthe tabove tschematic, tselect tthe tappropriate tsymbols tfrom tAppendix tA: tMechanicaltSymbols tto tlabel tthe tdrawing. c. Determine twhat ttype tof tsensor teach tpoint tshould tbe. Pressure tSensors Pressure tsensors tmonitor tpressure tlevels twithin tspecific tzones, tand tmeasure tthe tpressure tdrop tacross tfilters tand tother tdevices, teffectively talerting tthe tsystem twhen tmaintenance tand tfilter treplacement tis trequired. tAccurate tpressure tmeasurement tis tvital tfor toptimal tHVAC tsystem tperformance. tPressure tsensors tcan tmeasure textremely thigh tand tlow tpressures tin tair tand twater tapplications toffering tprecise tmeasurement tof tpressure, tdifferential tpressure, tand tvelocity tfor treliable tmonitoring. tApplications tinclude tVAV t(variable tair tvolume) tcontrol, tstatic tduct tpressure, tclogged tHVAC tfilter tdetection, tHVAC ttransmitters, tand tindoor tair tquality tmonitoring tsystems. tPressure tsensors tfrom tBelimo toffer teight tfield tselectable tpressure tranges tin tone tunit. tExcellent tzero-point tstability tand thigh taccuracy twith tan tauto-zero tfunction tthat tmanually tcalibration titself tevery tten tminutes. d. Appendix tC tincludes ta tPoint tNaming tConvention t(or tlabel) tincluding tthe texpanded tpoint tname.tWrite tdown twhich tNames tyou twould tuse. (1) FC tcan tbe tan tindication tof t'Filter tClean'. (2) RTU tstands tfor troof-top tunit. tAll tthe tcomponents, tincluding tthe tcoils, tcompressor, tand tfan, tare tpackaged tinto ta tsingle tunit ton tthe troof. (3) The texhaust tair t(EA), toutside tair t(OA), tand treturn tair t(RA) tducts tall toperate ttogether. tAn tautomatic tcontrol tsystem toperates tthe tdamper tmotors tto tmaintain tthe tproper tmix tof tair. tThe tOA tand tthe tEA tdampers topen ttogether tand tclose ttogether tto tbalance tthe tair tentering tand tleaving tthe tbuilding. e. Propose ta tsequence tof toperation tfor tthe tsystem tin tthe tabove tdiagram tusing teach tPoint’s tID tto texplain thow tthe tdesired tsupply ttemperature tmight tbe tachieved. tThe tsensor twiring twould, tthrough tproper tdesign, tbe tcompletely twired tto tone tfield tmicrocontroller tpanel. tThe tinstaller twill implement tyour tsequence tof toperation tin tthe tcontroller’s tcode tto tcarry tout tthe tspecifiedtsequence. tHVAC tsystems taccount tfor tan testimated t39% tof tthe tenergy tcurrently tused tin tcommercial tbuildings tin tthe tUnited tStates. tTherefore, tmost tbusiness tor tgovernment tagency thave tthe tpotential tto trealize tsignificant tsavings tby timproving ttheir tcontrol tof tHVAC toperations tand timproving tthe tefficiency tof tthe tsystem tthey tuse. tThere tare tbasically ttwo tapproaches tto tconditioning ta troom tor tbuilding. tThe tfirst tmethod tis tusing ta tradiant tsystem, tthe tsecond tis tusing ta tforced tair tsystem. tRadiant tSystems tusually tinvolve trunning thot tor tCHW tthrough tpipes tthat tloop taround tthe tstructure tand tradiate tinto tthe tconditioned tspace tvia ta tfloor tsurface tor tradiator tpipe. tForced tair tsystems tuse ta tfan tto tpush tair tthrough ta tduct tsystem twhere tit tis tconditioned tby ta tcoil ton ta tfurnace tor tair thandler tbefore tbeing treturned tto tthe tspace. tAnd twhile tthere tare ta twide tvariety tof tHVAC tsystems tin tuse tin ttoday’s treal testate, tno tsystem tis tright tfor tevery tapplication. tIn torder tto tservice tthe tspecific tneeds, tthere tare ta tnumber tof tdifferent ttypes tof tHVAC tsystems tavailable t(e.g., tsingle tzone/multiple tzone, tconstant tvolume/variable tair tvolume). tThe tmost tcommon tclassification tof tHVAC tsystems tis tby tthe tcarrying tmediums tused tto theat tor tcool ta tbuilding. tThe ttwo tmain ttransfer tmediums tfor tthis tpurpose tare tair tand twater, twhich ttake tthem tto temitters. tOn tsmaller tprojects, telectricity tis toften tused tfor theating talthough tsome tsystems tnow tuse ta tcombination tof ttransfer tmedia. tHVAC tsystems trange tin tcomplexity tfrom tstand-alone tunits tthat tserve tindividual trooms tor tzones tto tlarge tcentrally tcontrolled tsystems tserving tmultiple tzones tin ta tbuilding tor tcomplex. Question t3.3 t(20 tmarks) The tfollowing texercise twill texplore taspects tof tpersonal tenvironmental tcontrols. tTo tundertake tthistquestion, tuse tinformation tin tthe tattached tappendices. The tfigure tabove tshows ta tview tof ta trelatively tenergy-efficient tworkstation tconfiguration. tIn tthis texample, teach tclient thas tcontrol tof ttheir tspace tincluding tsetting tof ttheir tdesired ttemperature tand tlighting tlevels. Known tas tPersonal tEnvironmental tControls, tthis tsystem tintegrates ta tnumber tof tcontrol tfunctions, tincluding tthe tability tto tregulate tsupply tair tflow tand tlight toutput tlevel tfrom tthe tPersonal tLuminaire. Proper tcalculation tmust tbe tdone tto tdetermine tthe tflow trate trequired tfor teach tstation, tas tthere tare tminimum trequirements tfor thuman toccupation. tRequired tflow trate tas tper tASHRAE tis tfrom ta tminimum tof t16 tlitres tper tsecond tto ta tmaximum tof t60 tlitres tper tsecond, tin torder tto tmeet tcooling trequirements tfor ta ttypical t2.43 tmetre tby t3.04 tmetre tcubicle. To tcalculate tair tflow trate tthrough tthe tduct twork ta tnumber tof tfactors tare trequired: 1. Pipe tdiameter= t4×flow trate tπ×velocity 2. Velocity= t4×flow trate tπ× t(pipe tdiameter) t2 3. Flow trate= t1 t4 t×π× t(pipe tdiameter) t2 t×velocity 4. Flow trate=Cross tsectional tarea tof tduct×velocity tof tair tin tduct a. Using tthe tformulas tlisted tabove, tcalculate tthe tvelocity tof tair tin ta tpipe, t10.16cm tin tdiameter tthat tis tdelivering tthe tminimum tflow trate tpermitted tby tASHRAE. b. Using tthe tformulas tlisted tabove, tcalculate tthe tvelocity tof tair tin ta tpipe, t10.16cm tin tdiameter tthat tis tdelivering tthe tmaximum tflow trate tpermitted tby tASHRAE. c. Redo tthe tvelocity tcalculations tof tparts ta tand tb tfor ta tpipe tthat tis t15.24cm tin tdiameter. d. Personal tEnvironmental tSystems tutilize tmotion tsensors tand ta tthermostat tto tdetermine twhen tair tis trequired tin tthe tspace. tThe tsystem tshuts toff tflow tafter t10 tminutes tof tno tactivity/occupancy. tGiven ta tstandard twork tday tof teight thours twith tan thour tlunch tbreak tand ttwo tfifteen tminutes tbreaks, thow tmany tminutes twould tthere tbe tpossible tflow tthrough tthe tsystem? e. In tquestion td tabove, tyou twere tasked tto tcalculate thow tlong tthe tair tflow tin tthe tsystem twould tbe tactive tin ta tday. tNow tfactor tin tthe tfollowing tto taddress ttemperature treadings tand tflow trequirements. tThe toccupant tdesires tthe ttemperature tin tthe tspace tto tbe ta tconstant t22°C. tWhen tthe tair tflow tis tat t30 tlitres tper tsecond, tthis tis tmaintained. tThe toutside tair ttemperature ttoday tis t10°C tand tthe tair ttemperature tthrough tthe tsystem tis t24°C. tHow toften twill tthe tsystem tneed tto tchange tthe tair tin tthe t2.43 tmetre twide tby t3.04 tmetre tlong tand t2.43 tmetre thigh tcubicle tto tmeet tthe tdesired ttemperature? Air tflow tin tcubic tfeet tper tminute t(CFM) tis ta tuseful tquantity tto tdetermine twhen texamining tair tquality tissues. tCalculate tair tflow tin ta tduct tby tmeasuring tthe tair tflow tvelocity tin tfeet tper tminute t(FPM) tand tmultiplying tby tthe tduct tcross tsectional tarea tin tsquare tfeet t(ft2). Determine tthe tFlow tVelocity First, tmeasure tthe tvelocity tpressure tin tthe tduct. tUse ta tdifferential tpressure tsensor tin tcombination twith ta tpitot ttube tassembly. tTotal tPressure t(inner ttube) t tStatic tPressure t(outer ttube) Air tDensities tat tDifferent tElevations: Elevation t(ft) 0 Density t(lb/ft3) 0.0745 500 0.0732 1000 0.0719 1500 0.0706 2000 0.0693 2500 0.0680 3000 0.0668 3500 0.0656 4000 0.0644 4500 0.0632 5000 0.0620 7500 0.0564 Determine tCross tSectional tArea duct radius For tround tducts, tcalculate tarea tusing tthe tformula Area t= tπ t* tr2, twhere tr tis tthe tduct tradius t(in tfeet) tand tπ t= t3.14. The tsensor’s toutput twill tbe tthe tvelocity tpressure t(the tdifference tbetween ttotal tpressure tand tstatic tpressure tin tthe tduct). To tcalculate tflow tvelocity, tuse tthe tfollowing tequation: √ V t= tC t* t(2 t* tpw t* tgc)tρ where: V t= tFlow tvelocity t(FPM) pw t = tvelocity tpressure t(in. tH20) 3 2 ρ t= tdensity m tof tair t(lb t /ft ) t(see ttable tfor testimates)tg t = tgravitational tconstant t= t32.174 tlb t*ft/lb ts c tm tf C t= tunit tconversion tfactor t(to tfeet tand tfrom tin. tH20) t= t136.8 tduct theight tducttwidth t For trectangular tducts, tcalculate tarea tusing tthe tformulatArea t(ft2) t= tduct theight t(ft) t* tduct twidth t(ft) Determine tAir tFlow Once tthe tflow tvelocity tand tcross tsectional tarea tare tknown, tair tflow tis teasily tcalculated tby tmultiplying tthese tvalues. Air tflow t(CFM) t= tflow tvelocity t* tcross tsectional tarea First, tcalculate tthe tflow tvelocity: V t= tC t* t(2 t* tpw t* tgc) tρ (2 t* t0.7 tin. tH2O t* t32.174 tlbmft/lbfs2) 0.0719 tlbmft3 V t= t3424 tFPM Second, tcalculate tthe tcross tsectional tarea tof tthe tduct: tA t= tπ t* tr2 A t= tπ t* t(1.5 tft)2 tA t= t7 tft2 Third, tmultiply tthe ttwo tvalues: Air tflow t(CFM) t= tflow tvelocity t* tcross tsectional tarea tAir tflow t= t3424 tFPM t* t7 tft2 Air tflow t= t23,968 tCFM Question t4 t(20 tmarks) This tquestion tinvestigates tan tintegrated tbuilding tcontrol tsystem tproject. tYou thave tbeen tasked tto treview tan texisting t30 t× t50 tmetre t4 tstorey tbuilding twhich tyour tclient, tAthabasca tUniversity, twould tlike tto tre- tpurpose tto thouse tfaculty tmembers’ toffices. tThe tconcrete tblock tbuilding twas toriginally tbuilt tin t1987, thas thigh t12-foot tceilings tand trows tof t2 t× t2 tmetre twindows, t2 tmetres tapart ton tthe tsouth tand tnorth tside, twith texit tstairs ton teach tend. tThe tmain tentrance tto tthe tbuilding tis tat tground tlevel tin tthe tcentre tof tthe tbuilding twith ta t10 t× t10 tmetre tatrium, tand tabuts ta t50 t× t60 tmetre ttreed tconcourse ton tthe tsouth tside tthat tis tused tby tthe tstudent tpopulation ton tnice tdays. tThe tclient thas talso trequested tthat tthe texterior tof tthe tbuilding tnot tbe tchanged tdramatically, tbut treports tthat ta tnumber tof tcomplaints tin tthe tpast thave tidentified tair tquality tas ta tmajor tconcern. tDue tto tthe tconcourse, ta tstreet ton tthe twest tside, tand tconcrete twalkways, tthere tis tno tway tto tadd tventilation tat tground tlevel. tThe tuniversity twould tlike tto timplement tLEED® ton tthis tproject tin torder tto tpromote tthe teffort tof tthe tcampus tin tthe tarea tof tconservation. a. Describe tthe tprocess tto tverify tthe tpotential tfor tthis twork tto tbe tconsidered. In tthe tplanning tof tfacilities, tit tis timportant tto trecognize tthe tclose trelationship tbetween tdesign tand tconstruction. tThese tprocesses tcan tbest tbe tviewed tas tan tintegrated tsystem. tBroadly tspeaking, tdesign tis ta tprocess tof tcreating tthe tdescription tof ta tnew tfacility, tusually trepresented tby tdetailed tplans tand tspecifications; tconstruction tplanning tis ta tprocess tof tidentifying tactivities tand tresources trequired tto tmake tthe tdesign ta tphysical treality. tHence, tconstruction tis tthe timplementation tof ta tdesign tenvisioned tby tarchitects tand tengineers. tIn tboth tdesign tand tconstruction, tnumerous toperational ttasks tmust tbe tperformed twith ta tvariety tof tprecedence tand tother trelationships tamong tthe tdifferent ttasks. Several tcharacteristics tare tunique tto tthe tplanning tof tconstructed tfacilities tand tshould tbe tkept tin tmind teven tat tthe tvery tearly tstage tof tthe tproject tlife tcycle. tThese tinclude tthe tfollowing: Nearly tevery tfacility tis tcustom tdesigned tand tconstructed, tand toften trequires ta tlong ttime tto tcomplete. Both tthe tdesign tand tconstruction tof ta tfacility tmust tsatisfy tthe tconditions tpeculiar tto ta tspecific tsite. Because teach tproject tis tsite tspecific, tits texecution tis tinfluenced tby tnatural, tsocial tand tother tlocational tconditions tsuch tas tweather, tlabor tsupply, tlocal tbuilding tcodes, tetc. Since tthe tservice tlife tof ta tfacility tis tlong, tthe tanticipation tof tfuture trequirements tis tinherently tdifficult. Because tof ttechnological tcomplexity tand tmarket tdemands, tchanges tof tdesign tplans tduring tconstruction tare tnot tuncommon. In tan tintegrated tsystem, tthe tplanning tfor tboth tdesign tand tconstruction tcan tproceed talmost tsimultaneously, texamining tvarious talternatives twhich tare tdesirable tfrom tboth tviewpoints tand tthus teliminating tthe tnecessity tof textensive trevisions tunder tthe tguise tof tvalue tengineering. tFurthermore, tthe treview tof tdesigns twith tregard tto ttheir tconstructibility tcan tbe tcarried tout tas tthe tproject tprogresses tfrom tplanning tto tdesign. tFor texample, tif tthe tsequence tof tassembly tof ta tstructure tand tthe tcritical tloadings ton tthe tpartially tassembled tstructure tduring tconstruction tare tcarefully tconsidered tas ta tpart tof tthe toverall tstructural tdesign, tthe timpacts tof tthe tdesign ton tconstruction tfalsework tand ton tassembly tdetails tcan tbe tanticipated. tHowever, tif tthe tdesign tprofessionals tare texpected tto tassume tsuch tresponsibilities, tthey tmust tbe trewarded tfor tsharing tthe trisks tas twell tas tfor tundertaking tthese tadditional ttasks. tSimilarly, twhen tconstruction tcontractors tare texpected tto ttake tover tthe tresponsibilities tof tengineers, tsuch tas tdevising ta tvery telaborate tscheme tto terect tan tunconventional tstructure, tthey ttoo tmust tbe trewarded taccordingly. tAs tlong tas tthe towner tdoes tnot tassume tthe tresponsibility tfor tresolving tthis trisk-reward tdilemma, tthe tconcept tof ta ttruly tintegrated tsystem tfor tdesign tand tconstruction tcannot tbe trealized. It tis tinteresting tto tnote tthat tEuropean towners tare tgenerally tmore topen tto tnew ttechnologies tand tto tshare trisks twith tdesigners tand tcontractors. tIn tparticular, tthey tare tmore twilling tto taccept tresponsibilities tfor tthe tunforeseen tsubsurface tconditions tin tgeotechnical tengineering. tConsequently, tthe tdesigners tand tcontractors tare talso tmore twilling tto tintroduce tnew ttechniques tin torder tto treduce tthe ttime tand tcost tof tconstruction. tIn tEuropean tpractice, towners ttypically tpresent tcontractors twith ta tconceptual tdesign, tand tcontractors tprepare tdetailed tdesigns, twhich tare tchecked tby tthe towner's tengineers. tThose tdetailed tdesigns tmay tbe talternate tdesigns, tand tspecialty tcontractors tmay talso tprepare tdetailed talternate tdesigns. b. What tparts tof tthe tproject, tif tany, twould tbe tthe tbest tcandidates tto timplement tLEED®? LEED tcredit tcategories taddress ttopics tsuch tas treduction tin tenergy tuse, tconnection twith tpublic ttransportation tand tthe tembodied tenergy tassociated twith tmaterials tand twater tuse. Building toperations tenergy tuse tand tsource: tCredits tin tthe tEnergy tand tAtmosphere tcategory tnot tonly tdirectly treduce tenergy tuse, tbut tthey talso taddress tsystems tthat trely ton tcarbon-based tenergy tsources tand taward tthe tuse tof tlow-carbon tenergy tsources. tLEED talso ttargets tthe treduction tof tpotent tGHGs tassociated twith trefrigerants. Renewables tselection: tCredits tin tthe tEnergy tand tAtmosphere tcategory trecognize tthe tdiverse tcontract tmechanisms tproject tteams tuse tto tprocure trenewable tenergy toff-site tand tarticulate ta thierarchy tfor trenewable tenergy tgeneration tand tprocurement tthat trewards tselections tthat tare thigh tvalue. tEstablishing tLEED tcriteria taddressing tthe tage tof ta trenewable tenergy–generating tasset thelps tto tguide tproject tteam tdecision-making tand tdirect tinvestments ttoward tincreasing tthe tsupply tof trenewable tenergy ton tthe tgrid t(versus tusing texisting trenewable tenergy tcapacity twhere tpossible). Transportation tenergy tuse: tCredits tin tthe tLocation tand tTransportation tcategory tenable tnew tbuildings tto timprove tland tuse tpatterns tand tposition toccupants tto ttake tadvantage tof tpublic ttransportation, twhich tcontributes tto ta treduction tof tGHG temissions tfrom tsinglepassenger tvehicles. Materials-embodied tenergy tuse: tMaterials tand tResources tcredits taddress ta tbuilding's tembodied tcarbon tby ttargeting tthe tenergy tuse tand tprocesses trequired tin tthe textraction, tproduction, ttransportation, tmanufacturing, tdistribution tand tdisposal tof tmaterials tand tproducts tused tthroughout tthe tentire tlife tcycle tof ta tbuilding. Water-embodied tenergy tuse tand tsource: tWater tEfficiency tcredits taddress tthe tsignificant tuse tof tenergy trelated tto tthe ttreatment, tprocessing tand tdistribution tof twater tby trequiring ta treduction tof twater tused. tEfficiencies tthat treduce tthe tuse tof tpotable twater, tand treplacing tit twhen tpossible twith tnonpotable twater tsources, twill tindirectly treduce tenergy tuse tand thelp tmitigate tGHG temissions. Green tinfrastructure tand tsiting: tSustainable tSites tcredits tfocus ton tthe tnon-energy-related tdrivers tof tclimate tchange, tincluding tland tuse tchanges, theat tisland teffect tand tpollution tthrough tsolutions tsuch tas tgreen tinfrastructure tand tpurposeful tdecisions ton tbuilding tlocation tand tsiting. c. LEED® tallocates tpoints tto trate tvarious tproject tcomponents. tWhich tcomponent(s) tis tmost tlikely ttotreturn tthe thighest trating? tExplain tyour tanswer. tLEED thas tfive tbasic tareas twhere ta tbuilding towner tcan tget tpoints ttoward tLEED tCertification, tthey tare: tSustainable tSite, tWater tEfficiency, tEnergy t& tAtmosphere, tMaterials t& tResources, tand tIndoor tEnvironmental tQuality. tLet's ttake ta tlook tat ta tselection tof tthe tcomponents tof teach tof tthese tfive tcategories. Sustainable tSite t(SS) Do tnot tdevelop ton tthe tfollowing t(1 tpoint): tprime tfarmland; twithin t100 tfeet tof tany twetlands; tor tland tidentified tas thabitat tfor tthreatened tor tendangered tspecies Create ta tdevelopment ton ta tpreviously tdeveloped tsite tand tin ta tcommunity twith tminimum tdensity tof t60,000 tsq tft tper tacre t(1 tpoint). Water tEfficiency t(WE) Use thigh-efficiency tirrigation ttechnology tOR tuse tcaptured train tor trecycled tsite twater tto treduce tpotable twater tconsumption tfor tirrigation tby t50% tover tconventional tmeans t(1 tpoint). Energy t& tAtmosphere t(EA) Reduce tdesign tenergy tcase tcompared tto tthe tenergy tcost tbudget tindicated tby tASHRAE/IESNA t90.1-2004, tusing tthe tBuilding tPerformance trating tmethod: 10.5% t= t1 tpoint 14.0% t= t2 tpoints 17.5% t= t3 tpoints 21.0% t= t4 tpoints tetc. Use tthe ton-site trenewable tenergy tsystems tto toffset tbuilding tenergy tcost. tCalculate tproject tperformance tby texpressing tthe tenergy tproduced tby tthe trenewable tsystems tas ta tpercentage tof tthe tbuilding tannual tenergy tcost: 2.5% trenewable t= t1 tpoint 7.5% trenewable t= t2 tpoints 12.5% trenewable t= t3 tpoints Materials t& tResources t(MR) Use tmaterials twith trecycled tcontent tsuch tthat tthe tsum tof tthe tpost-consumer trecycled tcontent tplus tone-half tof tthe tpost tindustrial tcontent tconstitutes tat tleast t10% tof tthe tvalue tof tthe tmaterials tof tthe tproject t(1point). 10% tmanufactured tAND tharvested tor textracted twithin t500 tmiles tof tthe tproject tsite t(1 tpoint). Indoor tEnvironmental tQuality t(EQ) Provide tlighting tcontrols tfor t90% tof tthe tbuilding toccupants tand tlighting tsystem tcontrollability tfor tall tmulti-occupant tspaces t(1 tpoint). Provide tindividual tcomfort tcontrols tfor t50% tof tFTE tand tprovide tcomfort tsystem tcontrols tfor tall tshared tmulti-occupant tspaces t(1 tpoint). Question t5 t(25 tmarks) You thave tbeen tasked tto tprepare ta tconcept tdesign treport tfor ta tnew t1000m2 tlibrary tlocated tin tVictoria, tBC, tby tthe tsenior tdesign tarchitect tin tyour toffice. tThe tbuilding’s towner thas ta tdesire tfor tthe building tto tbe tat tthe tforefront tof tsustainable tbuilding tdesign. tThe tbuilding tsite tis trural tand tcurrently topentand tunobstructed. a. Write ta tconcept tdesign treport tof t750 twords tdescribing: . tyour tapproach tto tthe tsiting, tmassing tand torientation tof tthe tbuilding CONCEPT: New tplanning tprinciples tare trequired tto tmeet tthe tchanging tneeds tof tthe tusers tof tthe tlibrary tof tthe tfuture. tThe tdigital trevolution thas tchanged tthe tappearance tof ttoday’s tlibraries tentirely. tThe tmajority tof ttoday’s tinformation tresources tare tof ta tnon-physical tnature tand taccessing tinformation tis tmore tvaried tand tcomplex. tThe ttraditional trole tas tasset tkeeper tis tone tof tmany ttasks ttoday. tThe tlibrary tshould toffer ttheir tvisitors: t• taccess tto tinformation t • tguidance t(information tskills) t • tpossibility tfor tcommunication t• tworking tenvironment t• tinspiring tatmosphere t The tdesign tis tbased ton tthe tfollowing tmain tprinciples: t • tAccess tto tthe tlibrary tand tits tmedias tshould tbe tobvious tand teasy tfor teverybody. t • tThere tshould tbe tmultifarious tspace tfor tformal tand tinformal tcommunication tbetween tcustomers tand tstaff. t• tThe tinterior tshould toffer tan tattractive tand tcomfortable tenvironment tfor tboth tcustomers tand tstaff. t t• tThe tlibrary tbuilding tshould tadequately trepresent tits tinstitutional tphilosophy tand taims. t• tIts tbuilding tdesign, tstructure tand tappliances tshould tgive tconsideration tto tsustainability i. sustainable tstrategies trecommended tand twhy ii. system, ttechnology, tand tmaterial tconsiderations Sustainable tClimate: Climate tconditions tcomprise ttemperature, thumidity, tairflow tand tthermal tradiation. tIn ta tlibrary tclimate tconditions tare ta tcompromise tbetween tthe tideal tconditions tfor tbooks tand tpeople tworking. tPrinted tmaterial tslowly tdeteriorates twhen tthe ttemperatures tvary, thumidity tis ttoo thigh tand tthere tis ttoo tmuch tdirect tsun. tThis tis twhy tthe tbook tstack tis tideally tsituated tunderground, twhere ttemperature tconditions tare tconsistent. tWorking tareas thave tsimilar tthermal trequirements tto toffices. tDifferent tsurveys tshow tthat tpeople tare tmore tcomfortable tin tbuildings twith tmechanical tventilation, twhere tthey tare table tto tregulate theating tor topen twindows tand ttherefore tfeel tthat tthey thave tmore tcontrol tover ttheir tenvironment. tThe theating tand tventilation tsystem tshould tbe tregulated tcentrally tfor tthe tbook tstore tand tthe tstudy tareas, twhereas tin tstudy trooms tor toffices ttemperature tand tfresh tair tcould tbe tadjustable tindividually. tGuidelines tcan tbe tfound te.g. tin tthe tDIN-Fachbericht t13 t(DIN, t1998). t Sustainable tAcoustics: Many tusers tfind ta thigh tlevel tof tnoise tdisturbing, tespecially tin tacademic tlibraries. tWhen toffering tareas tfor tcommunication tit tis talso tessential tthat tthere tis tenough tspace twhere tthe tuser tcan tstudy tindividually tin ta tquiet tenvironment. tTwo tfactors tinfluence tthe tacoustics: tthe tgeometric tshape tof tthe tspace tand tthe tsurfaces. tWhen tusing tan topen tplan tlayout tsound tabsorbing tsurfaces tare tcrucial tto treduce tnoise. tAcoustic tengineers tcan tdesign ta tconcept tthat tsuits tthe tdifferent tactivities tin tthe tbuilding. t Provide t2–4 tsimple tsketches tto tillustrate tkey tideas tof tyour tconcept. APPENDIX tA
