READING STRATEGIES FOR CRITICAL THINKING Critical Thinking Critical thinking is the analysis of facts to form a judgment. Critical thinking requires critical reading to develop because a huge part of you is influenced by what you read and hear. Up to 80% of knowledge is learned through the eyes, and reading plays the biggest role. 1. Improve your vocabulary Read a wide range of texts Have a dictionary at all times. Never assume the meaning of a word that you are unfamiliar with. Keep a vocabulary journal where you write down all words that you learn on a daily or weekly basis. Learn at least three words a day and try using them in a sentence. Find opportunities to apply the learned words in actual conversations. 2. Mind your reading comprehension skills Try to recall and explain the key points on your own words after each section. Avoid reading at a slower pace just to compensate for your comprehension level. Use a line guide 3. Improve Your Reading Speed ●Keep in mind that the reading pace depends on the type of material you are reading and your goal. ●Proactively focus on 2-4 words at a time instead of fixating on a per word reading basis. ●Practice eyes and mind. yourself to read at a faster rate for short periods of time. ●Avoid rereading as much as possible. ●Practice makes ●Go at a speed ●You should never read at a rate that is slower than your average rate. ●Read with your perfect. that is uncomfortable but you are still comprehending the material. 4. Apply The SQ3R Method— Survey, Question, Read, Recite and Review An active reading method Survey: ●Scan over the table of contents of a new book to have a clear understanding of its content and plan your reading in advance. ●Survey the entire chapter before you start reading. ●Look at the title and all subtitles to know what the chapter is about and how it is broken up into parts. ●Look at the end of the chapter aids, such as questions, summaries, etc. ●Read the introduction and/or first paragraph first. ●Read the last paragraph. ●Be mindful of the different terminologies used. Question: Turn the subheadings into questions before proceeding to read Create questions from information printed in the margins. Create questions for each graph presented. Try writing out the questions Read Recite Start reading only when you can concentrate and commit to it. Take time to paraphrase what you read out loud while reading. You must locate the main idea of each paragraph. Try to associate read material with life experience. Review The more you review and recite, the better the recall It actually makes your study time more efficient when this process becomes a consistent study habit. PRESS TV RADIO Review starts with organization. Review your notes and questions created for the daily lesson or chapter. Develop study aids like mnemonics for material you must memorize. Create an outline from your texts. Recite the information daily to ensure automatic recall and true learning. Check and recheck the information where you hesitate 5. Do Skimming What is skimming? Speedy reading for general meaning Lets your eyes skip over sentences or phrases that contain details Allows you to concentrate on identifying the central or main points Pre-views a selection of text prior to detailed reading Refreshes understanding of a text following detailed reading Speed reading at basic level Works best with non-fiction or factual texts Speed ranges from 700-1000 words per minute Scientists' research has revealed that viruses are by far the most abundant life forms on Earth. There are a million times more viruses on the planet than stars in the universe. Viruses also harbor the majority of genetic diversity on Earth. Scientists are finding evidence of viruses as a planetary force, influencing the global climate and geochemical cycles. They have also profoundly shaped the evolution of their hosts. The human genome, for example, contains 100,000 segments of virus DNA. When I was a little boy in elementary school, the neighborhood kids and I all looked forward to playing so many games in my backyard during the long summer holidays between grades. For instance, one of our favorite games was whiffed ball, a kid's version of baseball. All we needed was a cheap plastic bat and a cheap plastic ball and we could entertain ourselves in the backyard from morning to afternoon. Or if we broke the bat or lost the ball, we would play "Red Rover, Red Rover." To play this game, we would join hands in two opposing lines and hurl ourselves at the locked wrists of the opposing team, trying to break through their line. Once the sun set, our favorite game was hide-and-seek. My backyard was perfect because there were lots of bushes and trees where we could hide out of sight of the kid who was "it." Even on rainy days, we had fun activities out in the garden shed in the corner of the backyard. For instance, we would often act out our favorite TV game shows, like "Let's Make a Deal," or sing along to the theme song from "The Monkees," a popular TV show about a rock-and-roll band, on my little record player. Even now, fifty years later, I still look back on all those fun summertime games out in my backyard with a lot of fondness. 6. Do Scanning What is scanning? Passing the vision speedily over a selection of text to find specific words or phrases Skipping over large portions of texts to find what you are looking form Speed ranges above 1000 words per minute Covers more area than skimming within the same amount of time Does not require reading of entire texts May be limited to specific information and may not help the reader understand the general idea For better scanning: 01. Use your hands when scanning. 02. Use peripheral vision when scanning. 03. Keep the concept of key words in mind while scanning. Scientists' research has revealed that viruses are by far the most abundant life forms on Earth. There are a million times more viruses on the planet than stars in the universe. Viruses also harbor the majority of genetic diversity on Earth. Scientists are finding evidence of viruses as a planetary force, influencing the global climate and geochemical cycles. They have also profoundly shaped the evolution of their hosts. The human genome, for example, contains 100,000 segments of virus DNA. When I was a little boy in elementary school, the neighborhood kids and I all looked forward to playing so many games in my backyard during the long summer holidays between grades. For instance, one of our favorite games was whiffed ball, a kid's version of baseball. All we needed was a cheap plastic bat and a cheap plastic ball and we could entertain ourselves in the backyard from morning to afternoon. Or if we broke the bat or lost the ball, we would play "Red Rover, Red Rover." To play this game, we would join hands in two opposing lines and hurl ourselves at the locked wrists of the opposing team, trying to break through their line. Once the sun set, our favorite game was hide-and-seek. My backyard was perfect because there were lots of bushes and trees where we could hide out of sight of the kid who was "it." Even on rainy days, we had fun activities out in the garden shed in the corner of the backyard. For instance, we would often act out our favorite TV game shows, like "Let's Make a Deal," or sing along to the theme song from "The Monkees," a popular TV show about a rock-and-roll band, on my little record player. Even now, fifty years later, I still look back on all those fun summertime games out in my backyard with a lot of fondness. Skimming vs. Scanning Skimming Scanning Meant to identify main points without identifying the details Meant to identify specific details without understanding the main points Covers 700-1000 wpm Covers more than 1000 wpm 7. Make Inferences -to “read between the lines,” -concluding based on knowledge and experience -Ability to understand implicit messages conveyed by a writer based on the reader’s schema or background knowledge. Take two or more details from the reading and see if you can draw a conclusion. When you are asked an inference question, go back over the reading and look for hints within the text. Prelim Examination Points to Review • • • • • • • • CONNOTATIVE DENOTATIVE FACT OPINION INTERPRETATION NON ACADEMIC AND ACADEMIC TEXT SKIMMING/SCANNING NOTE TAKING • • • • DIAGRAMMATIC LINEAR PATTERNS INFERENCES TRUE OR FALSE IDENTIFICATION: MULTIPLE CHOICE. IDENTIFY IF ACADEMIC OR NON-ACADEMIC TEXT MAKING INFERENCES Prelim Examination Points to Review THANKS! 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