ES 381: Exercise Physiology Laboratory Body Composition Instructions: Lab activities will be completed in small groups and discussion is encouraged, but the submitted written lab reports must be submitted as independent work, written in the student’s own words. While the use of textbooks, online resources, and class materials to assist with learning of material is encouraged, students must submit lab reports that are phrased in their own words, without material copied from resources or other students. See a further description of academic integrity and plagiarism in section XIV of the syllabus. Lab reports will be submitted on UB Learns by Fridays at 11:59pm. File names of lab reports should be listed as follows: LastName, FirstName LabName Lab Report. For example, the first lab report should be saved as Doe, Jane Primary Data Collection Lab Report. In groups of 3, complete Lab Activity 15.1 Answer 15.1 Lab Questions 1. Provide a table presenting the data you collected in this lab activity. Height Weight BMI Waist Hip Tricep Suprailiac Chest Abdomen Thigh Midaxillary Suprascapular Bicep Calf 176 cm 184 lbs 27.2 81.28 cm 96.52 cm 2 mm 5 mm 2.5 mm 5 mm 15 mm 5 mm 9 mm 2.5 mm 4.5 mm 2. Calculate and report your body mass index. Under what classification do you fall (Table 15.5)? How does your risk level change based on your waist circumference (Table 15.5). What do these results indicate? BMI is 27.2. I am in the overweight classification based on Table 15.5. With increased waist circumference, there is an increase is disease risk for either type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. These results indicate that my weight could potentially make me a disease risk for the following diseases. ES 381: Exercise Physiology Laboratory 3. Calculate and report your waist to hip ratio. Compare your waist to hip ratio to the normative data (Table 15.8). What do these results indicate? My waist to hip ratio is 0.84. Based on Table 15.8, I am in the moderate risk classification for my age and gender. These results indicate that I am at a moderate disease risk for diseases such as coronary heart disease and hypertension. 4. Using the class data, how does the class compare to the normative data? Describe why these results may have occurred. Compared to the normative data, men and women in the class are on average in the moderate risk for waist-to-hip ratio and overweight on the BMI classification. These results occurred because the class data was representative of the normal population of the normative data resulting in similar results to the normative data. 5. Describe your lab experience of taking body circumferences. What are some potential sources of error for accurately measuring anthropometry? Taking body circumferences during the lab was fairly easy and not too difficult. However, potential sources of error for measuring anthropometry could include measuring the tape measure loosely around the patient or measuring the tape measure too tightly to the skin of the patient. Both measurements could cause potential error in measuring body circumferences. In groups of 3, complete Lab Activity 15.2 Answer 15.2 Lab Questions 1. Provide a table presenting the data you collected in this lab activity. Height Weight BMI Waist Hip Tricep Suprailiac Chest Abdomen Thigh Midaxillary Suprascapular Bicep Calf 176 cm 184 lbs 27.2 81.28 cm 96.52 cm 2 mm 5 mm 2.5 mm 5 mm 15 mm 5 mm 9 mm 2.5 mm 4.5 mm ES 381: Exercise Physiology Laboratory 2. Calculate your percent body fat using the appropriate equation from Table 15.6 and body density equation. Report which equation from Table 15.6 you used and why. My percent body fat is 3.2%. I used the white male and resistance-trained measurements for the calculations, because I am a white-male and I do resistance training in the gym and with the Army. 3. Describe the reliability (repeatability) of your skinfold measurements. Are there certain anatomical sites that has greater reliability than others? Describe why. The reliability of the skinfold measurements can vary depending on how well trained and experienced the person using the skinfold measurements tools is. Since the class had mainly little to no experience using these tools, the class’s measurements were poor. There are certain anatomical sites that have greater reliability than others, such as the ease of the suprailium site vs. the hard to read thigh site. The differences in ability to get a reliable reading is due to the ease of pinching the subcutaneous fat. The thigh for example is harder to do this than the suprailium site. 4. Describe sources of error in skinfold measurements. What can be done to reduce this error? The sources of error in skinfold measurements include not pinching hard enough to measure the subcutaneous fat, pinching too hard, and pinching not only the subcutaneous fat, but also the muscle. A person could also pinch in the wrong location in the anatomical site which could also lead to error. To reduce this error, a person would need to get more time and experience using the skinfold measurements to fully master the art of measuring body fat percentages. 5. Describe the pros and cons of each of the types of body composition measurements (anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, skinfold thickness, plethysmography, underwater weighing, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) in a table form. Considering these methods, describe in which exercise physiology-related careers you may use each of these types of measurements. Exercise Test Pros Cons Anthropometry -Easy to Use -Requires Little Equipment -Not extremely accurate in determining risk for disease Bioelectrical Impedance -Easy to Use -Requires Little Equipment -No eating, drinking or exercise prior to the test and no diuretic medications Skinfold Measurements -Requires Little Equipment -Very Inexpensive -Has a high source of potential error -Need experience to get accurate measurements Plethysmography -Very Reliable Measurements -Needs Large and Expensive Equipment ES 381: Exercise Physiology Laboratory Underwater Weighing -Considered the Most Valid Test for Estimating Body Fat -Since this test relies on many equations, relative density measurements could be off resulting in potential sources of error in estimating body fat percentage. X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) -Able to measure bone, fat, and lean tissue densities with high accuracy. -Typically, a very quick test (10-20 minutes) -Very expensive -Requires a specialist to run tests for it Anthropometry: You may use this body fat measurement type in a personal training field to measure a patient’s initial body composition. Bioelectrical Impedance: You may use this body fat measurement type in a Nurse field to see the level of body fat percentage in a patient for their yearly check-ups. Skinfold Measurements: You may use this body fat measurement type in an Athletic Trainer field to roughly measure the body fat percentages of athletes throughout the offseason. Plethysmography: You may use this body fat measurement type in Exercise Physiology research field to measure body fat percentage over a certain study. Under Water Weighing: You may use this body fat measurement type in an Exercise Physiology research field as well. X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA): You may this body fat measurement type in a clinical specialist office to not only measure body percentage, but also to measure levels of bone and lean tissue densities.
