Entrepreneurial Development
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
401. Projects are never initiated to solve immediate business problems.
A. True
B. False
Answer:B
402. The most critical element in the success of a system development project is user involvement.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
403. A work breakdown structure (WBS) is simply a list of all the required individual activities and tasks
for the project.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
404. Slack time is the amount of time a task can be delayed without affecting the project schedule.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
405. For planning and scheduling purposes, many project managers use project management software and
Gantt charts to plan and track the iterations of the project.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
406. Project feasibility analysis is an activity that verifies whether a project can be started and
successfully completed.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
407. Feasibility analysis attempts to identify all the risks of failure.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
408. Project management is a support discipline, and therefore is not critical to system development.
A. True
B. False
Answer:B
409. Historically, the success rate of system development projects has been very high.
A. True
B. False
Answer:B
410. A project manager has both internal and external responsibilities.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
411.Economic feasibility asks whether the anticipated benefits are greater than the projected costs to
develop the information system.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
412. Increased customer satisfaction (not measurable in dollars) is an example of a tangible benefit.
A. True
B. False
Answer:B
413. Schedule feasibility is not a concern when the project must be completed by a specific date.
A. True
B. False
Answer:B
414.Interviewing stakeholders is by far the most effective way to understand business functions and
business rules.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
415.Joint application design (JAD) is a technique used to expedite the investigation of system requirements.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
416.The objective of a structured walkthrough is to fix errors in a system.
A. True
B. False
Answer:B
417. The analysis phase involves defining in great detail what the information system needs to
accomplish in order to provide the organization with the desired benefits.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
418. One of the analyst's first tasks is to identify every type of stakeholder who has an interest in, or will
be involved in, the new system.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
419. Business users are the people who use the system to perform the day-to-day operations of an
organization.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
420. The objective of the design phase of system development is to understand the business functions and
develop the system requirements.
A. True
B. False
Answer:B
421. The activities of the analysis phase include gathering information, defining system requirements, and
reviewing recommendations with management.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
422. Systems analysis involves the creation of detailed logical models.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
423. Prototypes can prove that the technology can do what it is supposed to do.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
424. Information users are those that use the system to perform the day-to-day operations of an
organization.
A. True
B. False
Answer:B
425. Workflows can be documented using an activity diagram.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
426. It is usually not necessary to identify all of the business processes in order to develop a new
information system.
A. True
B. False
Answer:B
427. The reason an analyst uses many different models is that each relates to different aspects of the
system.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
428. Mathematical models can be narrative memos, reports, or lists.
A. True
B. False
Answer:B
429. A descriptive model can involve writing a process or procedure in a very precise way, referred to as
structured English or pseudocode.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
430. Graphical models make it harder to understand complex relationships.
A. True
B. False
Answer:B
431. Models are never created during the design phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC).
A. True
B. False
Answer:B
432. Design models are physical models because they show how some aspects of the system will be
implemented with specific technology.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
433. An analyst can best describe the requirements for an information system using a collection of
models.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
434. A key reason that modeling is important in system development is the complexity of describing
information systems.
A. True
B. False
Answer:A
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
435. Which of the following principles of project management defines and controls the functions that are
to be included in the system?
a. Project quality management
b. Project time management
c. Project cost management
d. Project scope management
Answer:D
436. A(n) ____ is one that can be measured or estimated in terms of dollars and that accrue to the
organization.
a. net present value (NPV)
b. tangible benefit
c. breakeven point
d. intangible benefit
Answer:B
437. A determination of economic feasibility of the project always requires a thorough ____.
a. cost/benefit analysis
b. proof of concept prototype
c. system scope document
d. work breakdown structure (WBS)
Answer:A
438. A(n) ____ is a good tool for monitoring the progress of a project as it moves along.
a. entity-relationship diagram (ERD)
b. Gantt chart
c. work breakdown structure
d. context diagram
Answer:B
439. The ____ is a sequence of tasks that cannot be delayed without causing the project to be completed
late.
a. Float
b. critical path
c. payback period
d. milestone
Answer:B
440. An example of an intangible benefit is ____.
a. increased levels of service
b. reduced employee morale
c. lost productivity
d. lost customers
Answer:A
441. Which of the following principles of project management identifies all stakeholders?
a. Project Risk Management
b. Project Communication Management
c. Project Human Resource Management
d. Project Time Management
Answer:B
442. Projects initiated through strategic planning are sometimes described as ____ projects
a. Critical
b. top-down
c. prototype
d. weighted
Answer:B
443. A ____ combines three components: the problem description, the business benefits, and the system
capabilities.
a. proof-of-concept prototype
b. context diagram
c. system scope document
d. data flow diagram (DFD)
Answer:C
444. A ____ describes the purpose of the new system, the potential start and completion dates, and the
key stakeholders and sponsors of the new system.
a. cost/benefit analysis
b. project schedule
c. work breakdown structure (WBS)
d. project charter
Answer:D
445. ____ are normally described in terms of the influences that can change the financial statements,
either by decreasing costs or increasing revenues.
a. Work breakdown structures
b. Intangible benefits
c. Scope documents
d. Business benefits
Answer:D
446. During the planning phase of the system development life cycle (SDLC), the ____ helps to define
the scope of the problem.
a. critical path method (CPM) chart
b. project evaluation and review technique (PERT) chart
c. proof of concept prototype
d. context diagram
Answer:D
447. There are two general approaches for building a ____: (1) by deliverable and (2) by a sequential
timeline.
a. system scope document
b. work breakdown structure (WBS)
c. proof of concept prototype
d. context diagram
Answer:B
448. The objective of ____ is to calculate a percentage return so that the costs and benefits are exactly
equal over the specified time period.
a. return on investment (ROI)
b. project evaluation and review technique (PERT)
c. cost/benefit analysis
d. net present value (NPV)
Answer:A
449. The objective of ____ is to determine a specific value based on a predetermined discount rate.
a. project evaluation and review technique (PERT)
b. return on investment (ROI)
c. cost/benefit analysis
d. net present value (NPV)
Answer:D
450. Which of the following is a responsibility of the project manager from an external perspective?
a. report project status and progress
b. assess project risks
c. assess team members to tasks
d. develop project schedule
Answer:A
451. Which of the following is true of a team leader?
a. has high to almost total authority
b. primarily leads big IT projects
c. may have both project management duties and some technical duties
d. works primarily on projects in which the all business functions are interdependent
Answer:C
452. When someone has a phobia of computers which may cause problems in the deployment of a new
information system, this should be determined during ____.
a. Risk analysis
b. Technological feasibility analysis
c. Economic feasibility analysis
d. Cultural feasibility analysis
Answer:D
453. The objective in assessing ____ is to determine whether a development project has a reasonable
chance of success.
a. Risk
b. resource requirements
c. feasibility
d. slack time
Answer:C
454. Which of the following describes the activities that the system must perform—that is, the business
uses to which the system will be applied?
a. Functional requirements
b. General requirements
c. User requirements
d. Technical requirements
Answer:A
455. Clients play what role in the development of a new system?
a. Develop the project plan
b. Fund the project
c. Define the business processes
d. Lead the project team
Answer:B
456. Questionnaires can be useful in information gathering when users ____.
a. are widely distributed geographically
b. need prompting to respond to questions
c. are not well-informed
d. do not have time for interviews
Answer:A
457. Questions that have a simple, definitive answer are called ____ questions.
a. opinion
b. closed-ended
c. open-ended
d. multiple choice
Answer:B
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458. Which of the following is normally the most time-consuming and resource-expensive operation?
a. Building prototypes
b. Observing business processes
c. Reviewing existing reports
d. Interviewing stakeholders
Answer:D
459. Questionnaires can be used to ask questions that ____.
a. determine user opinions
b. determine the stakeholders
c. define the system functions
d. detail user procedures
Answer:A
460. During a fact-finding interview, an important guideline is ____.
a. to minimize importance of the user participants
b. to include as many users as possible
c. not to waste project time by including too many analysts
d. to probe to get sufficient details
Answer:D
461. A prototype has which of the following characteristics?
a. Includes work procedures, both extensive and throwaway
b. Is operative and executable, is focused on a specific objective, is quickly built
c. Has good look and feel, is executable, and is complete
d. Is quickly built, has mock-up, and is complete
Answer:B
462. The type of prototype used during the analysis phase is the ____ prototype.
a. discovery
b. evolving
c. interface
d. functioning
Answer:A
463. The purpose of joint application design (JAD) is to ____.
a. establish a design environment
b. design a prototype
c. expedite the design of the system
d. expedite the investigation of system requirements
Answer:D
464. A group support system (GSS) is a computer system that ____.
a. facilitates group discussion sessions
b. supports all employees in the same group
c. provides secure access to a group of users
d. permits users to form personal groups
Answer:A
465. The objective of a structured walkthrough is to ____.
a. fix problems in the system
b. inform the project leader of progress
c. find errors and problems
d. walkthrough a piece of work
Answer:C
466. The strength of closed-ended questions is that they ____.
a. invite discussion and elaboration
b. limit answers to a set of choices
c. invite opinions
d. invite comments
Answer:B
467. A ____ model shows what the system is supposed to do in great detail, without committing to any
one technology.
a. Logical
b. physical
c. vertical
d. horizontal
Answer:A
468. ____ requirements are based on the procedures and rules that the organization uses to run its
business.
a. Physical
b. Functional
c. Logical
d. System
Answer:B
469. A ____ is the sequence of processing steps that completely handles one business transaction or
customer request.
a. Model
b. prototype
c. mock-up
d. workflow
Answer:D
470. A(n) ____ describes the various user (or system) activities, the person who does each activity, and
the sequential flow of these activities.
a. activity diagram
b. synchronization bar
c. mock-up
d. swim lane
Answer:A
471. ____ sessions have been largely successful in reducing project development efforts and shortening
the schedule.
a. Business process reengineering (BPR)
b. Group support system (GSS)
c. Swimlane
d. Joint application design (JAD)
Answer:D
472. The first item to be reviewed during a structured walkthrough is the documentation that was
developed as part of the ____ phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC).
a. Design
b. planning
c. analysis
d. implementation
Answer:C
473. The modern structured analysis technique uses data flow diagrams (DFDs) and ____.
a. entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs)
b. activity diagrams
c. decision support systems (DSS)
d. workflows
Answer:A
474. ____ requirements are sometimes considered a subset of performance requirements.
a. Technical
b. Reliability
c. Usability
d. Security
Answer:B
475. ____ requirements may apply to areas such as network communications and storage.
a. Technical
b. Security
c. Usability
d. Reliability
Answer:B
476. The term “____” refers to all the people who have an interest in the successful implementation of the
system.
a. Users
b. Clients
c. middle managers
d. stakeholders
Answer:D
477. ____ requirements describe operational characteristics related to the environment.
a. Performance
b. Technical
c. Reliability
d. Usability
Answer:B
478. ____ requirements describe operational characteristics related to users.
a. Usability
b. Technical
c. Reliability
d. Performance
Answer:A
479. ____ requirements are most often documented in graphical and textual models.
a. Security
b. Nonfunctional
c. Technical
d. Functional
Answer:D
480. A representation of some aspect of the system being built is a ____.
a. Tool
b. technique
c. Model
d. GUI
Answer:C
481.
Research shows that anyone can learn to be creative. The problem is:
a. many organizations fail to foster an environment that encourages creativity.
b. most people never tap into their pools of innate creativity.
c. most people have never been taught to be creative.
d. All of the above.
Answer:d
482.
Research into the operation of the human brain shows that each hemisphere of the brain:
a. develops symmetrically.
b. controls similar functions.
c. does not dominate the other hemisphere.
d. processes information differently.
Answer:d
483.
The left-brain is guided by:
a. kaleidoscopic, lateral thinking.
b. linear, vertical thinking.
c. asymmetrical thinking.
d. intuitive thinking.
Answer:b
484.
The right brain is guided by:
a. kaleidoscopic, lateral thinking.
b. linear, vertical thinking.
c. asymmetrical thinking.
d. logical thinking.
Answer:a
485.
Which hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language, logic, and symbols?
a. Right Hemisphere
b. Left Hemisphere
c. Lateral Hemisphere
d. Intuitive Hemisphere
Answer:b
486.
Which hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the body’s emotional, intuitive, and spatial
functions?
a. Right Hemisphere
b. Left Hemisphere
c. Vertical Hemisphere
d. Logical Hemisphere
Answer:a
487.
Which hemisphere of the brain processes information in a step-by-step fashion?
a. Right Hemisphere
b. Left Hemisphere
c. Lateral Hemisphere
d. Intuitive Hemisphere
Answer:b
488.
Which hemisphere of the brain processes information all at once and by relying heavily on
images?
a. Right Hemisphere
b. Left Hemisphere
c. Vertical Hemisphere
d. Logical Hemisphere
Answer:a
489.
_______________ vertical thinking is narrowly focused and systematic, proceeding in a highly
logical fashion from one point to the next.
a. Left-brained
b. Right-brained
c. Unconventional
d. Intuitive
Answer:a
490.
_______________ lateral thinking is somewhat unconventional and unstructured.
a. Left-brained
b. Right-brained
c. Systematic
d. Logical
Answer:b
491.
In his book A Whack on the Side of the Head, Roger von Oech views a “playful attitude” as:
a. frivolous.
b. fundamental to creative thinking.
c. a mental block.
d. limiting individual creativity.
Answer:b
492.
All of the following represent barriers to creativity that entrepreneurs impose upon themselves
except:
a. focusing on being too logical.
b. being too practical.
c. blindly following rules.
d. searching for more than one answer.
Answer:d
493.
Roger von Oech believes that blindly following rules leads to:
a. order, which stimulates creativity.
b. a clearer vision and business venture.
c. new ways of doing things.
d. a mental block towards creativity.
Answer:d
494.
Joseph Schumpeter wrote that entrepreneurs perform the vital function of:
a. challenging accepted ways of doing things.
b. creative destruction.
c. revolutionizing current patterns of production.
d. All of the above.
Answer:d
495.
Entrepreneurs can stimulate their own creativity and encourage it among workers by:
a. expecting and tolerating failure.
b. avoiding problems.
c. limiting rewards.
d. not taking chances.
Answer:a
496.
Employees must be given the tools and resources they need to be creative. One of the most
valuable resources is:
a. providing challenges.
b. rules and guidelines.
c. time.
d. money.
Answer:c
497.
Hiring a diverse workforce:
a. helps in enhancing organizational creativity.
b. allows for different ideas and varying methods of problem solving.
c. brings in people from different backgrounds, with different cultural experiences, hobbies,
and interests.
d. All of the above.
Answer:d
498.
All of the following are enhancements to individual creativity except:
a. keeping a journal to record thoughts and ideas.
b. limiting your reading sources.
c. taking time off.
d. allowing yourself to be creative.
Answer:b
499.
Which of the following is NOT an enhancement to individual creativity?
a. Listening to other people.
b. Recognizing the creative power of mistakes.
c. Keeping a toy box in your office.
d. Working without breaks until the project is complete or the problem is solved.
Answer:d
500.
Which stage of the Creative Process includes on-the-job training?
a. Implementation
b. Preparation
c. Illumination
d. Verification
Answer:b