PATHOMORPHOLOGY
№
1.
2.
Tasks
Answer choices
A. Hemorrhagic
peritonitis
During autopsy approximately 2,0 liters of pus
B.
Serous
have been found in the abdominal cavity of the
peritonitis C.
body. Peritoneum is dull and of grayish shade,
Tuberculous
serous tunic of intestines has grayish-colored
peritonitis
coating that is easily removable. Specify the most
D. Necrosis
likely type of peritonitis in the patient:
E.
Fibrinopurulent
peritonitis
A. Hematogenous
progression of
primary tuberculosis
B. Hematogenous
Autopsy of a 17 year old girl who died from
tuberculosis with
pulmonary failure revealed a small area of
caseous necrosis in the inferior lobe of the right predominant lung
affection C.
lung, and occurences of caseous necrosis in the
Tuberculoma D.
bronchopulmonary, bronchial and bifurcational
Caseous pneumonia
lymph nodes. What is the most probable
under secondary
postmortem diagnosis?
tuberculosis E.
Primary tuberculosis
Krok-1
Key words
Right answer
pus in the abdominal cavity; peritoneum E.
with grayish-colored coating that is easily Fibrinopurule
removable
nt peritonitis
E. Primary
tuberculosis
caseous necrosis in lung and in regional
lymph nodes
3.
Autopsy of a 1,5-year-old child revealed
haemorrhagic skin rash, moderate hyperaemia and
edema of nasopharyngeal mucous membrane,
small haemorrhages in the mucous membranes
and internal organs; dramatic dystrophic
alterations in liver and myocardium; acute
necrotic nephrosis; massive haemorrhages in the
adrenal glands. What disease are these alterations
the most typical for?
4.
An autopsy of a 45-year-old female, who died
from cardiac failure, revealed on the lateral
surfaces of her both cheeks some reddishbrownish
spots which fused on the bridge of the nose. The
heart was enlarged, the myocardium was flaccid in A.
Rheumatic
consistency, the cusps of the aortic valve were
defect of heart
thickened and had thrombotic superpositions. The B.
Atherosclerotic
kidneys were motley and had focal haemorrhages. defect of heart
The pyramids of the medullary layer were dark
C.
Septic
red, the cortical layer was greyish and had red
endocarditis D.
specks. A microscopic examination of the kidneys Subacute
revealed haematoxylin bodies in the tubular
glomerulonephritis E.
epithelial nuclei, the basal membranes of
Systemic lupus
capillaries of the glomeruli were thickened and
erythematosus
gave an appearance of wire loops, somewhere the
walls of the capillaries contained hyaline thrombi
and foci of fibrinoid necrosis.
Which diagnosis was the most probable?
A. Scarlet fever
hemorrhagic skin rash, hyperaemia and
B.
Diphtheria
edema of nasopharyngeum; hemorrhages E.
C.
Measles
in mucous, internal organs, adrenal
Meningococca
D. Epidemic typhus
glands; dystrophy in liver and
l infection
E. Meningococcal
myocardium; acute necrotic nephrosis
infection
cardiac failure; "butterfly" on nose; aortic
valve thickened with thrombotic
superpositions; haematoxylin bodies in
E. Systemic
tubular epithelial nuclei; basal membranes lupus
of glomeruli thickened with wire loops; erythematosus
hyaline thrombi and foci of fibrinoid
necrosi
5.
A 36-year-old female suffers from an expressed
deformity of joints of her fingers and legs.
Histologically, the periarticular connective tissue
reveals some mucoid swelling, foci of fibrinoid
necrosis, clusters of macrophages and areas of
sclerosis, the synovial membrane has an oedema
of villi, as well as their mucoid and fibrinoid
swelling, the synovial cavity contains "rice
bodies". Make a diagnosis of the disease.
6.
A room for dissections received the body of a
56year-old male who was ill with rheumatism
A.
Diffuse
during
isolated
8 years and died from cardiovascular
myocarditis
insufficiency. An autopsy revealed the rheumatic
B.
Focal
defect of the heart -mitral incompetence. A
isolated
histological examination revealed oedema of the
myocarditis C.
interstice, its diffuse infiltration by lymphocytes,
Acute serous
histiocytes, neutrophilic and eosinophilic
myocarditis
leukocytes, as well as parenchymatous protein and
D. Acute purulent
fatty degeneration of the cardiomyocytes. The left
myocarditis E.
atrial auricle had foci of fibrinoid necrosis
Productive
surrounded by large macrophages which were
granulomatous
located in the form of a veil (Aschoff’s
myocarditis
granulomA.. Which of the diagnoses listed below
was the most probable?
A.
B.
Rheumatism
C.
Bekhterev's
disease D. Infectious
polyarthritis
E. Rheumatoid
arthritis
expressed deformity of joints of her joints
of her fingers and legs; periarticular
E.
connective tissue and synovial membrane
Rheumatoid
with mucoid swelling, foci of fibrinoid
arthritis
necrosis; clusters of macrophages and
areas of sclerosis; "rice bodies"
rheumatism in anamnesis; rheumatic
defect, mitral incompetence; interstitial
oedema; lympho-histiocytic infiltration;
parenchymatous degeneration; foci of
fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by large
macrophages located in form of a veil
E. Productive
granulomatou
s myocarditis
7.
8.
9.
Two weeks after angina, a 14-year-old child
developed pains in the heart, cyanosis, dyspnoea,
oedemata of his lower extremities. The death was
caused by cardiac arrest. On autopsy, the heart
was enlarged, its cavities were dilated, the
myocardium was flaccid. A microscopic
examination revealed an acute oedema and
plethora of the interstice, an expressed infiltration
by lymphocytes, histiocytes, neutrophils and
eosinophils, foci of dystrophy of cardiomyocytes.
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most
probable?
A.
Ischaemic
dystrophy of
myocardium
B.
Nodular
productive
myocarditis C.
Idiopathic myocarditis
D. Focal interstitial
exudative myocarditis
E. Diffuse interstitial
exudative myocarditis
angina in anamnesis; pains in heart,
cyanosis, dyspnoea, oedemata of his
lower extremities; heart enlarged; cavities
dilated; myocardium flaccid; acute
oedema and plethora of the interstice;
lympho-histiocytic infiltration
E. Diffuse
interstitial
exudative
myocarditis
A histological examination of the cusps of the
mitral valve in the heart of a female, who died
A. Polypousfrom cardiac decompensation, revealed a focal
mitral valve; focal desquamation of
ulcerous
desquamation of endotheliocytes with
endotheliocytes; superimposed
B.
Diffuse
E. Recurrent
superimposed thrombotic masses in these areas.
thrombotic masses in these areas;
C.
Acute vegetative
vegetative
The connective tissue of the valve cusp had signs
connective tissue disorganization, areas of
D. Loffler's E.
of disorganization, areas of sclerosis and
sclerosis and angiomatosis on valve
Recurrent vegetative
angiomatosis. Diagnose the kind of valvular
endocarditis.
An autopsy of a female revealed morphological
manifestations of chronic heart failure in the right
ventricle, stenosis of the left atrioventricular
A. Scleroderma
heart failure; stenosis of left
aperture, insufficiency of the mitral valve.
B.
Dermatomyositis atrioventricular aperture, insufficiency of
Histologically, a connective-tissue disorganization C.
Polyarteritis
the mitral valve; connective-tissue
E.
in the form of some mucoid and fibrinoid swelling nodosaD. Systemic
disorganization; mucoid and fibrinoid
Rheumatism
was found with presence of blooming Aschoff s lupus erythematosus E. swelling; blooming Aschoff's bodies;
bodies against a background of focal
cardiosclerosis
Rheumatism
cardiosclerosis in the myocardium. Which of the
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
10.
An autopsy of a 9-year-old child, who suffered
from rheumatism and died of heart failure,
revealed dilatation of cavities in the ventricles of
his heart. Microscopically, the myocardial stroma
was characterized by a plethora, oedema, diffuse
infiltrations of histiocytes, lymphocytes,
neutrophils and eosinophils. What diagnosis was
the most probable one?
11.
A clinical examination of a 41-year-old male
patient revealed some deformity in small joints of
his extremities. A microscopic examination of a
biopsy of the synovial coat revealed foci of
mucoid and fibrinoid swelling and fibrinoid
necrosis in the stroma of villi and vascular walls,
proliferation of synoviocytes, a perivascular
infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmacytes and
neutrophils; there was IgG in the plasmacytes.
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most
probable?
A. Alterative
myocarditis
B.
Focal interstitial
exudative myocarditis
C. Granulomatous
productive
myocarditis D.
Interstitial productive
myocarditis
E. Diffuse interstitial
exudative myocarditis
A. Polyarthritic form
of rheumatism B.
Arthritis in systemic
lupus erythematosus
C. Rheumatoid
arthritis (stage II)
D. Rheumatoid
arthritis (stage III)
E. Rheumatoid
arthritis (stage I)
rheumatism; heart failure; dilatation of
ventricles; plethora, oedema, diffuse
infiltration of histiocytes, lymphocytes,
neutrophils and eosinophils
E. Diffuse
interstitial
exudative
myocarditis
deformity in small joints; foci of mucoid
and fibrinoid swelling and fibrinoid
necrosis; proliferation of synoviocytes;
infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmacytes
and neutrophils; IgG in the plasmacytes
E.
Rheumatoid
arthritis (stage
I)
12.
A 45-year-old female, who complained of
progressing muscular weakness, underwent a
biopsy of soft tissues on her shin. A histological
examination of the biopsy revealed some
microfocal petrification of the derma and skeletal
muscles, a reduced amount of glycogen and
transversal striation in the muscular fibres, some
fibres were necrotized, the stroma was infiltrated
by lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells.
Make a diagnosis of the disease.
13.
A.
Acute
tubularinterstitial
Autopsy of a man who died from ethylenglycol
nephritis
poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit
B.
Lipoid
enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily
nephrosis C. Acute
remove. Cortical substance is broad and lightglomerulonephritis
grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What
D. Acute
pathology had this man?
pyelonephritis E.
Necrotic nephrosis
ethylene glycol poisoning; kidneys
E. Necrotic
enlarged, capsule easily removed; cortex
nephrosis
pale grey and wide, the medulla dark red
14.
A. Suppurative
inflammation
A 7-year-old child has acute onset of disease:
B. Fibrinous
temperature rise up to 38oC, rhinitis, cough,
inflammation
lacrimation, and large-spot rash on the skin.
C. Hemorrhagic
Pharyngeal mucosa is edematous, hyperemic, with
inflammation
whitish spots in the buccal area. What kind of
D. Serous
inflammation caused the changes in the buccal
inflammation E.
mucosa?
Catarrhal
inflammation
mucosa is edematous, hyperemic, with E. Catarrhal
whitish spots
inflammation
A.
Polyarteritis
nodosa
B.
Systemic
scleroderma
C.
Systemic lupus
erythematosus D.
Rheumatism
E. Dermatomyositis
microfocal petrification of derma and
skeletal muscles; reduced transversal
E.
striation and necrosis in muscular fibres; Dermatomyos
lympho-hystiocytic, macrophagal and
itis
plasmacytic infiltration in stroma
15.
16.
17.
A patient with tuberculosis died from progressing
cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy in the
region of the right lung apex revealed a cavity 5
cm in diameter communicating with lumen of a
segmental bronchus. On the inside cavity walls
are covered with caseous masses with epithelioid
and Langhan's cells beneath them. What
morphological form of tuberculosis is it?
A. Tuberculoma B.
Caseous
pneumonia
C. Infiltrative
tuberculosis D.
Acute focal
tuberculosis
E. Acute cavernous
tuberculosis
A 50-year-old male died from vascular collapse.
An autopsy was performed in the pathoanatomical
bureau and detected an increased pigmentation of
the skin, the adrenal glands were reduced in size,
the brown-yellow liver was enlarged. On
histological examination, foci of necrosis with a
tuberculous granulation tissue were found in the
adrenal glands. The liver was characterized by
phenomena of fatty degeneration. Which of the
diagnoses was the most probable?
A. Steatosis B.
Primary
aldosteronism
C. Cushing's
syndrome
D. Lipofuscinosis
E. Addison's disease
A histological examination of the cusps of the
mitral valve in the heart of a female, who died
from cardiac decompensation, revealed a focal
desquamation of endotheliocytes with
superimposed thrombotic masses in these areas.
The connective tissue of the valve cusp had signs
of disorganization, areas of sclerosis and
angiomatosis. Diagnose the kind of valvular
endocarditis.
A.
Polypousulcerous
B.
Diffuse
C.
Acute vegetative
D.
Loffler's E.
Recurrent vegetative
tuberculosis and progressing
cardiopulmonary decompensation; cavity E. Acute
communicating with lumen of bronchus; cavernous
caseous masses with epithelioid and
tuberculosis
Langhans cells
increased pigmentation of skin; adrenal
glands reduced; liver enlarged
brownyellow with fatty degeneration;
adrenal glands with foci of necrosis with E. Addison's
tuberculous granulation tissue
disease
mitral valve; focal desquamation of
endotheliocytes; superimposed
thrombotic masses in these areas;
connective tissue disorganization, areas
of sclerosis and angiomatosis on valve
E. Recurrent
vegetative
18.
19.
A.
Hemorrhagic
peritonitis
During autopsy approximately 2,0 liters of pus
Serous peritonitis pus in abdominal cavity; peritoneum is
have been found in the abdominal cavity of the B.
E.
C. Tuberculous
body. Peritoneum is dull and of grayish shade,
dull and of grayish shade, serous tunic of
Fibrinopurule
peritonitis
serous tunic of intestines has grayish-colored
intestines has grayish-colored coating that
nt peritonitis
Necrosis
coating that is easily removable. Specify the most D.
is easily removable
E.
Fibrinopurulent
likely type of peritonitis in the patient:
peritonitis
An autopsy of a 60-year-old male, who was ill
with hypertensive disease for a long period of
A. Chronic
time and died from chronic renal insufficiency,
glomerulonephritis
revealed that both the kidneys were significantly
B. Atherosclerotic
reduced in size, their surface was fine-grained;
hypertension in anamnesis; chronic renal E.
nephrosclerosis C.
histologically, most of the glomeruli were
failure; kidneys are greatly reduced;
Arterioloscler
Chronic
characterized by hyalinization and sclerosis, some
otic
surface is fine-grained; glomerulus is
pyelonephritis
ones by hyperplasia; the stroma contained areas
hialinised and sclerosed; areas of sclerosis nephrosclerosi
D.
Secondary
of
s
in stroma
shrunk kidney
sclerosis, arteriolo- and arteriosclerosis,
E.
Arteriolosclerotic
elastofibriosis of large branches of the renal
nephrosclerosis
arteries. Define the changes revealed in the
kidneys.
20.
A.
Connective
tissue in the lumen of
blood vessels
B.
Thrombembolus
In the pathomorphological laboratory sent a
connective tissue with a large arterial vessel, in the in the lumen of the
lumen of which a grayish-colored dry brittle mass, vessel
dry brittle mass, densely connected with
C.
Hyaline
densely connected with the vessel wall. At the
the vessel wall; mass … contains fibrin,
histological examination, an arterial vessel has a thrombus in the lumen
platelets, and a small number of red blood
of the vessel
mass of obliterating nature that contains fibrin,
D.
A blood vessel cells with numerous leukocytes; ... initial
platelets, and a small number of red blood cells
organization
with an overwhelming number of leukocytes with in the lumen of blood
the phenomenon of initial organization. What kind vessels
E.
Cladding white
of process is there in this case?
blood clot in the
lumen of the arterial
vessel
21.
A man 56 years old, for 20 years has not suffered
from chronic ischemic illness. Suddenly there
were pains in the heart area, sharply increased
cynosiness of the face, there was a "feeling of fear
of death". Despite the onset of treatment, death
has occurred. At the autopsy, a large left
ventricular heart attack has been detected. A large
amount of pinkish-reddish foamy fluid flows from
the surface of the lung. In the liver a peculiar
figure resembling muscat has been found, blood
from dark cherry drains from the surface of the
cut. Morphological changes in the lungs and liver
are manifestations:
E. Cladding
white blood
clot in the
lumen of the
arterial vessel
A.
local arterial
hyperemia
B.
general acute
arterial hypertension
chronic ischemic illness; pinkish-reddish E. general
C. Local acute venous
foamy fluid in lung; in liver are figure
acute venous
hyperemia
resembling muscat; dark cherry blood
hyperemia
D. local chronic
venous hyperemia E.
general acute venous
hyperemia
22.
23.
A 68-year-old woman developed acute
myocardial infarction as a result of stenotic
atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. During
the section it was revealed: in the lumen of the
A. Tissue embolism
anterior interventricular branch of the left
B. Embolus by
coronary artery there are brittle gray-yellow
extraneous bodies
masses reminiscent of the atheromatous detritus C. Fatty embolism
and completely lining the lumen of the vessel, in D. Retrograde
the thickness of the anterior and lateral walls of embolism E.
the left ventricle - transmural portion of irregular Thrombosis
shape, gray-yellow color, periphery surrounded by
a hemorrhagic crown. Diagnose the cause of a
heart attack.
A.
Fatty
pulmonary artery
embolism.
B.
Tissue
embolism of the
The section revealed: multiple hemorrhagic
vessels of the
pulmonary heart attacks, some pulmonary vessels pulmonary artery. C.
Congestive
of a lilac-colored dense mass, varicose veins of
thrombosis of the
the lower extremities, in which the presence of
fragile dark-brown colored masses. What kind of vessels of the
pulmonary artery. D.
pathological process is being discussed?
Hemorrhagic
bronchopneumonia.
E. Trombembolia of
the vessels of the
pulmonary artery
brittle gray-yellow masses ... of the
atheromatous detritus and completely
lining the lumen of the vessel
E. Thrombosis
multiple hemorrhagic pulmonary heart
attacks; pulmonary vessels of a
lilaccolored dense mass; varicose veins
with presence of fragile dark-brown
colored masses
E.
Trombemboli
a of the
vessels of the
pulmonary
artery
24.
25.
26.
27.
At the autopsy, an enlarged liver of a colorful
species, with a pattern of nutmeg in the section,
was discovered. In the lumen of the liver veins,
the wall clots are found. What kind of disruption
of blood circulation in the liver?
A.
General venous
plethora
B.
Anemia
enlarged liver with a pattern of nutmeg in E. Local
C.
Hemorrhage
the section; lumen of liver veins with wall venous
D.
Bleeding E.
clots
hyperemia
Local venous
hyperemia
A.
Anginetrophic
B.
Vakatna local
Paracentesis is rapidly released from the
C.
Collateral
abdominal cavity of 12 liters of ascitic fluid. The
many ascitic fluid are removed rapidly
D.
Hyperemia due
E. Hyperemia
patient developed a collapse and hyperemia of the
from the abdominal cavity; hyperemia of
to arteriovenous shunt
after anemia
peritoneum. Determine the type of hyperemia of
the peritoneum and collapse
functioning
the peritoneum.
E.
Hyperemia after
anemia
In a pilot who died as a result of depressurizing
the cockpit, a large number of vesicles were
A. Fatty embolism
detected in the histological examination of the
pilot died as a result of depressurizing the
B. Air embolism
internal organs in the blood vessels, and in the
cockpit; a large number of vesicles in
E. Gas
C. Thromboembolism
liver it was focal dystrophy. In the brain and
blood vessels; multiple small ischemic
embolism
D. Tissue embolism
spinal cord - multiple small ischemic centers of
centers of gray softening (necroses)
E. Gas embolism
gray softening. Indicate the most likely cause of
such changes.
A.
Hyperaemia
after anaemia
A patient with hepatic cirrhosis developed a
B.
Inflammatory
collapse and hyperaemia of the peritoneum after
collapse and hyperaemia of the
A.
C.
Vicarious
removal of 10 litres of ascitic fluid from his
peritoneum after removal of many ascitic Hyperaemia
D.
Collateral
abdominal cavity. Determine the kind of arterial
fluid from his abdominal cavity
after anaemia
E.
On the ground
hyperaemia of the peritoneum.
of an arteriovenous
shunt
28.
A female patient, who suffered from
A.
Thrombembolia
thrombophlebitis of her deep crural veins,
B.
Thrombosis
suddenly died. An autopsy revealed red free
C.
Tissue
thrombophlebitis of leg veins; red free
A.
friable masses with a dim goffered surface in the embolism D.
friable masses with a dim goffered surface Thrombembol
common trunk and bifurcation of the pulmonary Embolism with
in pulmonary vessels
ia
artery. What pathological process in the pulmonary foreign bodies E. Fat
artery did a pathologist reveal?
embolism
29.
A male patient with multiple fractures of his long
tubular bones suddenly died under the phenomena
of acute pulmonary insufficiency. An autopsy did
not reveal any pathological changes in the internal
organs. Microscopically, there were some diffuse
sudanophilous inclusions in the lumens of small
branches of the pulmonary artery and capillaries.
What kind of embolism was the most probable?
A. Fat
B. Thrombembolia
C. Air
D. Tissue
E. With foreign
bodies
fractures of long tubular bones; acute
pulmonary insufficiency; diffuse
sudanophilic inclusions in the lumens of
pulmonary arteries and capillaries
A. Fat
30.
An autopsy of a 70-year-old male, who suffered
from hypertensive disease and died of a
disturbance in the cerebral circulation, revealed in
his brain stem some cavity which was 2 cm in
diameter and filled with blood clots. Name the
mechanism of the impairment of the vascular wall
which most likely could result in a haemorrhage.
A. Rupture
B. Spasm
C. Erosion
D. Oedema
E. Diapedesis
hypertensive disease; disturbance in the
cerebral circulation; cavity which was
filled with blood clots
A. Rupture
31.
32.
33.
Following an injury of his cervical veins, a male
suddenly died under the phenomena of an acute A. Air
respiratory insufficiency. An autopsy revealed that B. Tissue
his right heart cavities were distended and
C. Gaseous
contained some foamy liquid blood, the major
D. Thrombembolia
veins contained the blood of the same kind.
E. Fat
Microscopically, the lumens of small branches of
the pulmonary arteries and capillaries revealed
numerous embolic masses. Which of the kinds of
embolism listed below was the most probable?
A 66-year-old male died on the 8 th day after
A. Thrombembolia
prostatectomy. On autopsy, the veins in the fat of
B.
– Tissue
his small pelvis revealed some motley vermiform
embolism C.
masses with a dim rough surface that were
Microbial embolism
fastened to the walls of the vessels. The left
D. Embolism
branch of the pulmonary artery contained some
with foreign
masses of the same kind which freely lied in its
bodies E. Fat
lumen. Indicate the most probable kind of
embolism
embolism of the pulmonary artery.
injury of cervical veins; acute respiratory
insufficiency; right heart cavities are
distended; foamy liquid blood and in
A. Air
heart and major veins; numerous embolic
masses in lumens of small pulmonary
arteries and capillaries
prostatectomy; veins of small pelvis
contain motley vermiform masses with a
A.
dim rough surface that were fastened to
Thrombembol
the walls of the vessels; pulmonary
ia
arteries contain masses of same kind
which freely lied in its lumen
A. Hyperaemia after
anemia
Patients with liver cirrhosis after extraction from
B.
Inflammatory
the abdominal cavity of 10 liters of ascitic fluid
collapse and congestion peritoneum after A.
C.
Vakatnaya
development collapse and congestion peritoneum
extraction from abdominal cavity many Hyperaemia
D. Collateral
.
ascitic fluid
after anemia
E.
Hyperaemia on
Which kind arterial hyperemia of the peritoneum.
the basis of arteriovenous fistula
34.
35.
36.
The patient, who has revealed deep vein
thrombophlebitis leg, sudden death occurred. In
the pulmonary trunk and the bifurcation of the
pulmonary artery revealed unconfined red friable
mass with a rough dull surface. What is the
pathological process in the pulmonary artery
revealed a pathologist?
For a histological examination, a vermiform
process (appendix) was sent. Its size is increased,
the serous membrane is dim, plethoric and
covered with greyish films, the wall is thickened
and some pus is discharged from the lumen.
Microscopically, a plethora of the vessels, an
oedema of all the layers and their diffuse
infiltration by leukocytes are observed. Name the
kind of inflammation in the vermiform process.
An examination of a 7-year-old child, who was
referred to infectious department with complaints
about a sharp pain in his throat, difficult
swallowing, an elevated body temperature up to
39oC, an oedema of his neck, revealed that the
tonsils were enlarged, their mucosa was plethoric
and covered with a large number of
yellowwhitish films which were closely adjacent
to the mucosa. An attempt to remove a film
results in a deep bleeding defect. What kind of
inflammation takes place?
A. thromboembolism
B.
thrombosis
thrombophlebitis of leg veins; red friable A.
C.
tissue embolism
mass with a rough dull surface in
thromboembol
D. embolism alien
pulmonary vessels
ism
bodies
E. fat embolism
A. Phlegmonous
B. Catarrhal
C. Putrid
D. Mixed
E. Fibrinous
serous membrane is dim, plethoric with
A.
greyish films; wall is thickened; pus in
Phlegmonous
lumen; diffuse infiltration by leukocytes
A. Diphtheritic
B. Suppurative
C. Serous
D. Croupous
E. Haemorrhagic
mucosa are covered with yellow-whitish
films which were closely adjacent to
A.
mucosa; remove a film results in a deep Diphtheritic
bleeding defect
37.
38.
39.
A. Cellular cytotoxicity
B. Anaphylaxis C.
In a child, 48 hours after a tuberculin (Mantoux)
Antibodydependent
test, a papule up to 10 cm in diameter formed at
cytotoxicity D.
great papule formed at the place of
the place of an injection of tuberculin. What
Immunocomplex
tuberculin injection
mechanism of hypersensitivity lay in the basis of
cytotoxicity E.
the above changes?
Granulomatosis
A. Immunocomplex
A 23-year-old male patient developed the urinary mechanism
Anaphylactic
syndrome (haematuria, proteinuria, leukocyturia) B.
reaction C.
after having angina. A puncture biopsy of the
Antibodydependent
kidneys revealed a picture of intracapillary
cytotoxic reaction
proliferative glomerulonephritis, while on
D. Cell-dependent
electron microscopy some large subepithelial
cytolysis
deposits were found out. What was the
E.
Granulomatosis
pathogenesis of this disease?
A microscopic examination of the thymus
revealed a reduced volume of the lobules,
petrification of the thymus corpuscles, a
substitutive vegetation of the connective and fat
tissues. The production of thymic hormones was
significantly decreased. What kind of pathology
of the gland was it?
A. Atrophy
B. Aplasia
C. Agenesia
D. Dysplasia
E. Thymomegaly
A. Cellular
cytotoxicity
urinary syndrome after angina;
intracapillary proliferative
glomerulonephritis; large subepithelial
deposits in nephron
A.
Immunocompl
ex mechanism
reduced volume of the lobules,
petrification of the thymus corpuscles, a
substitutive vegetation of the connective
and fat tissues
A. Atrophy
40.
At the autopsy of a corpse of a young man who
died after a bite of a snake from multiple organ
failure, a sludge phenomenon and numerous
thrombi in the microvessels of the lungs, kidneys,
liver, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, brain,
gastrointestinal tract, skin were revealed. Along
with this there were multiple hemorrhages in the
lungs, the brain, in combination with dystrophy
and necrosis of organs and tissues. What kind of
blood circulation disorder is in this case?
41.
A.
general venous
hypertension
A man 45 years old died of liver failure. At the
a stasis of
intersection revealed thrombosis of the liver veins B.
(Budd-Chiari Syndrome), muscat cirrhosis of the blood C. compressive thrombosis of the liver veins
liver, ascites. At the anterior abdominal wall, the venous hyperemia
(BuddChiari Syndrome); muscat
D.
collateral
vessels are sharply enlarged, filled with dark
cirrhosis of the liver
cherry blossoms, with a characteristic pattern of venous congestion
obstructive
"jellyfish heads". The above changes are due to: E.
venous hyperemia
42.
A woman 23 years old was taken to a surgical
department diagnosed with "ectopic pregnancy"
and a picture of general acute anemia. During
surgery, the surgeon found elastic clots in the
cavity of the small pelvis and about 1000 ml of
liquid blood. What type of disorder of blood
circulation on the mechanism of its formation
revealed a surgeon?
A. thrombosis B.
general venous
plethora
C. Blood congestion
D. general acute
anemia
E. DIC-syndrome
A.
haemorrhagia
over rhexin
B.
hemorrhagia
through diapedesin C.
petechiae autchichems
D. suggilatio E.
haemorrhagia
through diabrosin
multiple organ failure; sludge
phenomenon; numerous thrombi in
microvessels of lungs, kidneys, liver,
adrenal glands, pituitary gland, brain,
gastrointestinal tract, skin; multiple
hemorrhages in lungs, brain
(hypercoagulation turns into
hypocoagulation)
E.
DICsyndrome
E. obstructive
venous
hyperemia
E.
ectopic pregnancy; acute anemia; elastic haemorrhagia
clots and blood in small pelvis
through
diabrosin
43.
44.
45.
A 57-year-old man suffering from a trophic ulcer
of the left shin has pain, redness, a feeling of
A.
phlebothrombosis
warmth, swelling in the affected shin. During a B.
DIC-syndrome C.
surgery in the lumen of the veins, a dry clot of sludge phenomenon
blood, which is easily crumbly, layered, with a D. Blood stasis
rough surface, is detected. The described changes E. thrombophlebitis
are a manifestation:
A 32-year-old woman suffering from subacute
septic endocarditis suddenly lost her vision in the A.
Phlebothrombosis
right eye. During examination, an
B.
DIC-syndrome C.
ophthalmologist showed a sharp increase in the Sladge phenomenon
lumen of the central artery of the eye and the
D. Blood stasis.
presence of a blood clot in it. The detected
E. Thromboembolism
changes are a manifestation:
An experimental animal received a subcutaneous
A. Delayed
dose of an antigen preceded by sensitization. At
hypersensitivity B.
the place of the injection, some fibrinous
Transplantation
inflammation developed with an alteration of the
immunoreaction C.
vascular walls, the main substance and fibrous
Normergy
structures of the connective tissue in the form of
D. Granulomatosis E.
a mucoid and fibrinoid swelling, a fibrinoid
Immediate
necrosis. Which of the diagnoses listed below
hypersensitivity
was the most probable?
trophic ulcer of shin; in the lumen of vein E.
is a dry clot of blood, which is easily
thrombophlebi
crumbled, layered, with a rough surface tis
septic endocarditis; lost vision; sharp
increase artery lumen; blood clot in it
E.
Thromboemb
olism
second dose of an antigen after
sensitization; fibrinous inflammation;
E. Immediate
mucoid and fibrinoid swelling, a
hypersensitivit
fibrinoid necrosis of the vascular walls,
y
the main substance and fibrous structures
of the connective tissue
46.
47.
48.
A histological examination of the lungs if a male,
who suffered for many years from atopic
A. Cytotoxic reaction
bronchial asthma and died of asphyxia, revealed B. Immunocomplex
much mucus with an admixture of eosinophils in reaction
the lumens of the bronchioles and small bronchi, C. Cytolysis owing
sclerosis of interalveolar septa, dilation of alveolar to lymphocytes D.
Granulomatosis
lumens. Which of the mechanisms in the
development of a hypersensitivity reaction took E. Reaginic reaction
place when a fit of asphyxia developed?
A study of the thymus of a 5-year-old child, who A.
Thymomegaly
died from acute destructive staphylococcal
B.
Hypoplasia of
pneumonia, revealed a decrease in the weight of the thymus
the gland down to 3.0 g. On histological
C.
Dysplasia of the
examination, a smaller size of the lobules of the thymus
gland with a collapse of the stroma, an inversion D.
Agenesia of the
of the layers, and cyst-like Hassal’s bodies were thymus
E.
Accidental
found out. Which of the diagnoses listed below
reaction
was the most probable?
An examination of a pregnant woman with a
A. Immediate
rhesus-negative group of blood revealed a high
hypersensitivity B.
level of antierythrocyte antibodies; in order to
Delayed
decrease it, a skin flap of her rhesus-positive
hypersensitivity C.
husband was grafted to her. Two weeks later the
Granulomatous
flap was rejected; its microscopic examination
inflammation
revealed disturbances of circulation, an oedema, a
D.
Interstitial
cellular infiltration mostly by lymphocytes,
inflammation
neutrophils and macrophages. Which of the
E.
Transplantation
pathological processes listed below was the most
immunity
probable?
atopic bronchial asthma; much mucus
with eosinophils; dilation of alveolar
lumens
E. Reaginic
reaction
thymus of a 5-year-old child; great
decrease of gland weight; smaller size of E. Accidental
lobules with a collapse of the stroma;
reaction
inversion of layers
skin flap of husband was graft; rejection
through 2 weeks; inflammation with
E.
cellular infiltration mostly by
Transplantatio
lymphocytes, neutrophils and
n immunity
macrophages
49.
An autopsy of a 43-year-old female, who suffered
from attacks of expiratory dyspnoea during her
life-time and died from asphyxia, revealed some
dense glass-like mucus in the lumens of the
bronchi, their walls were thick, the lungs had foci
of an emphysema and atelectases. A histological
examination of the pulmonary tissue revealed
some mucus with an admixture of eosinophils in
the lumens of small bronchi, sclerosis of the
peribronchial connective tissue and interalveolar
septa, dilation of the lumens in the alveoli. What
mechanism of hypersensitivity formed the basis
for the development of asphyxia?
A. Cytotoxic reaction
B. Immunocomplex
reaction
C. Cytolysis owing
to lymphocytes D.
Granulomatosis
E. Reaginic reaction
50.
An 8-year-old child was done an intracutaneous
tuberculin (Mantoux) test with a diagnostic
purpose. Forty-eight hours following the injection
of tuberculin, a dense hyperaemic papule, 20 mm
in diameter, with necrosis in its centre formed.
Name the mechanism of hypersensitivity which
lay in the basis of the above changes.
A. Anaphylaxis B.
Antibodydependent
cytotoxicity C.
Immunocomplex
cytotoxicity
D. Granulomatosis
E. Cellular
cytotoxicity
51.
A 16-year-old youth developed oedemata of his
face, oliguria and an increased blood pressure 20
days after he recovered from scarlet fever. A
urinalysis revealed an increase of relative density,
haematuria, proteinuria. On microscopic
examination of a renal biopsy, a picture of
intracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis was
found out, while an electron microscopy revealed
deposits on the basal membranes. Which of the
mechanisms listed below lay in the basis of this
disease?
A. Anaphylactic
reaction B.
Antibodydependent
cytotoxic reaction
C.
Cell-dependent
cytolysis
D. Granulomatosis
E. Immunocomplex
mechanism
some dense glass-like mucus in the
lumens of the bronchi; foci of an
E. Reaginic
emphysema and atelectasis; eosinophils,
reaction
sclerosis of peribronchial tissue; dilation
of lumens in alveoli (asthma)
tuberculin (Mantoux) test; dense
hyperaemic papule with necrosis in its
centre
scarlet fever in anamneses; haematuria,
proteinuria, intracapillary proliferative
glomerulonephritis with deposits on the
basal membranes
E. Cellular
cytotoxicity
E.
Immunocompl
ex mechanism
52.
53.
Three years ago in the open skin areas of a female
worker of a shop which manufactures synthetic
detergents appeared eruptions in the form of
papules, vesicles and small weeping erosions,
A. Anaphylactic
some of them were covered with crusts. The
reaction B.
patient notices that in case of a direct contact with
Antibodydependent
detergents her skin manifestations intensify. Skin
eruptions in the form of papules, vesicles
cytotoxic reaction
tests with several chemical substances
and small weeping erosions which
C. Granulomatosis D.
manufactured at the shop are positive. A
intensify at direct contact with detergents;
Immunocomplex
histological examination of an area of the affected
eczema was diagnosed
mechanism
skin revealed acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, an
E. Cellular
oedema of the derma, a vascular plethora, as well
cytotoxicity
as a perivascular lymphocytic infiltration.
Clinically, occupational eczema was diagnosed.
Which of the immunological mechanisms lies in
the basis of this disease?
In a 10-year-old child, eating of strawberries was A. Granulomatosis
B.
followed by appearance of some disseminated
monomorphous and severely itching urticaria (red Antibodydependent
eating of strawberries leds to
blisters of the round and oval form), elevation of cytotoxic reaction
disseminated monomorphous and
C. Cellular
body temperature up to 37.8°C and a
severely itching urticaria (red blisters of
cytotoxicity
gastrointestinal disturbance. A blood analysis
the round and oval form); temperature up
D. Immunocomplex to 37.8°C; gastrointestinal disturbance;
revealed eosinophilia. After taking of
mechanism
antihistamine agents the above manifestations
eosinophilia in analisis and effective
E.
Anaphylactic
were rapidly controlled. Which of the
antihistamine agents
immunological mechanisms lay in the basis of this
disease?
reaction
E. Cellular
cytotoxicity
E.
Anaphylactic
reaction
54.
A.
Hereditary
insufficiency of the
peripheral
An autopsy of a 23-year-old female, who died
lymphoid tissue
from puerperal sepsis, revealed an enlarged
B.
Immediate
plethoric spleen whose section gave an abundant hypersensitivity
scrape. Microscopically, hyperplasia and a
puerperal sepsis; hyperplasia and a
reaction C.
plasmacytic infiltration of both the red pulp and Delayed
plasmacytic infiltration of both red pulp
splenic follicles were found out; the red pulp was hypersensitivity
and splenic follicles
rich in macrophages. Which of the
reaction
immunopathological mechanisms most probably D. Autoimmunization
lay in the basis of the changes in the spleen?
E. Antigenic
stimulation of the
organism
E. Antigenic
stimulation of
the organism
55.
A. Reaginic
anaphylactic reaction
B. Pathogenic effect
Nine days after receiving large doses of the
of sensitized
antitetanic serum a female patient developed
lymphocytes C.
urticaria, temperature, skin itch, oedema
urticaria with an elevated body temperature, skin Granulomatosis D.
of mucosa after antitetanic serum
itch, an oedema of mucosae. Indicate the
Cytotoxic effect of
immunological mechanism of the disease.
antibodies
E. Immunocomplex
mechanism
E.
Immunocompl
ex mechanism
56.
57.
A. Autoimmune
This disease develops in newborns and manifests disease
Syndrome of
itself in the form of persistent diarrhoeae, general B.
insufficiency of
cachexia and a clinical picture of sepsis. The
cellular immunity C.
children die at the age of 2-3 years. On
Antibody deficiency thymus reticular stroma without epithelial
postmortem examination, the thymus is
represented with a reticular stroma, no epithelial syndrome
reticulum, thymus corpuscles and
reticulum, thymus corpuscles and lymphocytes are
lymphocytes (severe stage of hypoplasia
present. The lymphoid organs are characterized by D. AIDS-related
a severe stage of hypoplasia. What type of
syndrome E.
immunopathological processes does the above
Combined
disease belong to?
immunodeficiency
syndrome
A. Lymphoma
B. Acute
A histological examination of an increased
lymphadenitis C.
cervical lymph node in a male patient, who
Lymphogranulomatosi lymph node are characterized plethora
worked at an enterprise with occupational
hazards, revealed a plethora and swelling of the s
and swelling of the cortical layer, light
D.
Insufficiency
of
cortical layer, the light centre of follicles and the
centre of follicles and medullary
medullary substance contained a large amount of peripheral lymphoid substance with a large amount of plasma
tissue
plasma cells, the number of lymphocytes was
cells; active proliferation of sinus cells;
Antigenic
reduced, there was an active proliferation of sinus E.
significant macrophage response
stimulation of
cells and a significant macrophage response.
Name the character of changes in the lymph node. lymphoid tissue
E. Combined
immunodefici
ency
syndrome
E. Antigenic
stimulation of
lymphoid
tissue
A. Focal interstitial
exudative
myocarditis B.
Granulomatous
productive
myocarditis C.
Interstitial productive
myocarditis D.
Alterative
myocarditis
E. Diffuse interstitial
exudative myocarditis
58.
An autopsy of a 9-year-old child, who suffered
from rheumatism and died of heart failure,
revealed dilatation of cavities in the ventricles of
his heart. Microscopically, the myocardial stroma
was characterized by a plethora, oedema, diffuse
infiltrations of histiocytes, lymphocytes,
neutrophils and eosinophils. What diagnosis was
the most probable one?
59.
A.
Delayed
hypersensitivity
reaction
A histological examination of a skin graft in a
B.
Immediate
male patient, who underwent dermatoplasty
hypersensitivity
revealed a diffuse lymphohistiocytic infiltration reaction
with an admixture of macrophages and
C.
Interstitial
neutrophils, an oedema and haemorrhages. Which inflammation D.
of the diagnoses listed below was the most
Arthus
probable?
phenomenon
E. Graft rejection
reaction
60.
A. Hypersensitivity
of a delayed type B.
At histological research of a biopsy specimen
Reaction of the
from an auricle of a heart of a patient with
transplantative
rheumatic disease the foci of a mucoid swelling, immunity
fibrinoid necrosis of a connective tissue has been C.
Normergic
found out. What immune response has developed reaction
in tissues of the auricle of the heart?
D.
Exudative
reaction E.
rheumatism; heart failure; dilatation of
ventricles; plethora, oedema, diffuse
infiltration of histiocytes, lymphocytes,
neutrophils and eosinophils
E. Diffuse
interstitial
exudative
myocarditis
skin graft; diffuse lymphohistiocytic
infiltration with macrophages and
neutrophils: oedema and haemorrhages
E. Graft
rejection
reaction
rheumatic disease; mucoid swelling;
fibrinoid necrosis
E.
Hypersensitivi
ty of an
immediate
type
Hypersensitivity of an
immediate type
61.
62.
63.
The 30-year-old man has had for two months
lacrination, pruritic palpebras, and rhinitis with
mucus. All symptoms disappeared after treatment
by desensebilizators. What type of
hypersensitivity occurred in patient?
A. The type II
B. The type III
C. The type IV
D. The type V
E. The type I
A. autoimmune
nonspecific B.
Histologic investigation of thyroid gland has
bacterial
showed destruction and atrophy of follicles,
C.
infectiousdiffuse lymphoid infiltration with formation of
allergic
viruses
lymphoid follicles in the stroma. call the group of D.
infectious E.
diseases with respect to this thyroiditis.
autoimmune
specific
In biopsy of stomach in patient with autoimmune A. The type II B.
The type V
gastritis it was found out: infiltration by
lymphocytes and macrophages in mucous layer. C. The type I
Which type of hypersensitivity is connected with D. The type III
E. The type IV
these morphologic changes?
lacrination, pruritic palpebras, and
rhinitis;
E. The type I
destruction and atrophy of follicles,
E.
diffuse lymphoid infiltration with
autoimmune
formation of lymphoid follicles in thyroid
specific
gland with inflammationitis
autoimmune gastritis; infiltration by
lymphocytes and macrophages
E. The type IV
64.
A.
Atrophy of
lymphoid tissue
B.
Lymphosarcoma
In biopsy of lymph node it was found out a lot of
C.
Hodgkin’s
a lot of lymphoid follicles with large
lymphoid follicles with large centers of
disease D. Metastases centers of duplication, increasing of
duplication, increasing of mitoses. Which process
of cancer
mitoses
is characterized by these morphologic changes?
E.
Antigenic
stimulation
with
follicular hyperplasia
65.
A.
Acute
In biopsy of transplantanted kidney it was found glomerulonephritis
Ischemic
out: diffuse infiltration of stroma by lymphocytes, B.
transplantanted kidney; infiltration by
E. Immune
infarction
plasma cells, lymphoblasts, plasmablasts and
lymphocytes, plasma cells, lymphoblasts,
mutilation
Tuberculosis D. plasmablasts and necrotic arteriitis
necrotic arteriitis. Which pathologic process was C.
Acute pyelonephritis
appeared in organ?
E. Immune mutilation
66.
In the 30-year-old woman it was found: cough,
sputum with blood, fever, increased blood
pressure, decreased urine output, edema of low
extremities. All symptoms have developed for 6
weeks. Diagnostic renal biopsy showed
Goodpasture’s syndrome. Which pathologic
process is characteristic for this syndrome?
A. Autoantibodies
to mitochondrias of
the lungs and kidneys
B.
Autoantibodies
to
DNA
C.
Cytotoxic
reaction against
(Lung and kidney are injured)
epithelium of renal
Goodpasture’s syndrome
tubules
D. Appearance of
immune complexes in
glomeruli of kidneys
and lungs
E.
Autoantibodies
to basement
E. Antigenic
stimulation
with follicular
hyperplasia
E.
Autoantibodie
s to basement
membrane of
the lungs and
kidneys
membrane of the lungs
and
kidneys
67.
68.
The 30-year-old patient with transplanted kidney A. Tuberculosis
has received prolonged immunosupressive therapy
and he has died because of intoxication.
B.
Syphilis
Microscopic examination showed giant cells with C.
Leprosy
large nuclei encircled by rings-like brightening, D. Bubonic plaque
which looked as “owl-eye”, located in the
E. Cytomegalovirus
kidneys, liver, pancreas, lungs. Call this disease. infection
A. Tumour
transformation
Local lymph nodules enlarged near the infected
B.
Innate
wound. Increased amount of macrophages,
insufficiencyof the
lymphocytes, lymphatic follicles in the cortical
lymphoid tissue C.
layer and large amount of plasma cells were
Hypersensibility
revealed on histological examination. What
reaction D. Acquired
process in the lymphatic nodules represents these
insufficiency of the
histological changes?
lymphoid tissue E.
Antigen stimulation
immunosupressive therapy; giant cells
with large nuclei encircled by rings-like
brightening, which looked as “owl-eye”
in the kidneys, liver, pancreas, lungs
enlarged lymph nodules near infected
wound; increased amount of
macrophages, lymphocytes, lymphatic
follicles in the cortical layer and large
amount of plasma cells
E.
Cytomegalovi
rus infection
E. Antigen
stimulation
69.
A. Hereditary
immundeficiency of
the complement
system
A 12-year-old boy often suffers from virus and
Composite
bacterial infections and eczematous skin lesions. B.
immunedefficiency
Enlargement of T-lymphocytes and IgM with
Hypoplasia of
normal IgA and IgG was revealed on examination. C.
thymus
What type of immune system pathology is
D. Turner's
presented in the patient?
syndrome E. Bruton's
hypogammaglobuline
mia
70.
A. Anaphylaxis B.
Antibodydependent
In a child, 48 hours after a tuberculin (Mantoux)
cytotoxicity C.
test, a papule up to 10 cm in diameter formed at Immunocomplex
the place of an injection of tuberculin. What
cytotoxicity
mechanism of hypersensitivity lay in the basis of D. Granulomatosis
the above changes?
E. Cellular
cytotoxicity
71.
The specimens present sections of haemopoetic
and immunogenetic organs. Organ has lymph
tissue forming different structures (lymph nodes,
lobules, bars). In what organ does antigenindependent proliferation and differentiation take
place?
often virus and bacterial infections,
eczema; enlargement of T-lymphocytes
and IgM; normal IgA and IgG (a variant
of primary humoral immunodeficiency;
impaired maturation of B-lymphocytes
and an almost complete absence of
plasma cells and immunoglobulins)
E. Bruton's
hypogammagl
obulinemia
great papule formed at the place of
tuberculin injection
A. Lymphatic nodes
B. Hemolymph nodes organ with lymph nodes, lobules, bars;
C. Tonsil
antigen- independent proliferation and
D. Spleen
differentiation
E. Thymus
E. Cellular
cytotoxicity
E. Thymus
72.
73.
74.
A.
Neurohumoral
hypertrophy B.
Vicarious
Ten years ago a male patient’s right lung was
hypertrophy
removed because of a tumour, since then the
C. Work hypertrophy
capacity of his left lung has increased by 50 %.
D. Hypertrophic
What process has developed in the left lung?
vegetations E.
Vicarious
hypertrophy
A. Concentric
hypertrophy B.
An autopsy of a male patient, who died from
Vicarious
hypertensive disease, revealed an enlarged heart
hypertrophy
weighing 600 g, with a thickened left ventricular
C. Eccentric atrophy
wall up to 2 cm and a dilated cavity of the left
D. Vicarious
ventricle. Name the kind of an adaptive
hypertrophy E.
reconstruction in the heart.
Eccentric
hypertrophy
A. Anaphylactic
A 23-year-old male patient developed the urinary reaction B.
syndrome (haematuria, proteinuria, leukocyturia) Antibodydependent
cytotoxic reaction
after having angina. A puncture biopsy of the
C.
Cell-dependent
kidneys revealed a picture of intracapillary
proliferative glomerulonephritis, while on electron cytolysis
Granulomatosis
microscopy some large subepithelial deposits were D.
E. Immunocomplex
found out. What was the pathogenesis of this
mechanism
disease?
organ with lymph nodes, lobules, bars;
antigen- independent proliferation and
differentiation
E. Vicarious
hypertrophy
hypertensive disease; enlarged heart with ??????
a thickened left ventricular wall and a
E. Eccentric
dilated cavity of left ventricle
hypertrophy
urinary syndrome after angina;
intracapillary proliferative
glomerulonephritis; large subepithelial
deposits in nephron
E.
Immunocompl
ex mechanism
75.
As a result of falling down, a small abrasion
formed of the knee of a child and some time later
it epithelialized completely without formation of
any scar. What form of regeneration took place in
this case?
A. Substitution
B. Physiological
C. Pathological
D. Intracellular
E. Restitution
completely epithelialized without any scar E. Restitution
76.
A 74-year-old male died from chronic heart
failure. On autopsy, an old postinfarction scar was
found in the heart. A histological examination
revealed a focus of fibrosis and hypertrophy of
cardiomyocytes. What regeneration do the
described changes manifest?
A. Physiological
B. Pathological
C. Restitution
D. Intracellular
E. Substitution
postinfarction scar - fibrosis and
hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes
77.
Following a traumatic injury of the liver, there
was a complete restoration of its structure and
functions with time. What is the name for such a
kind of regeneration?
A. Substitution
B. Pathological
C. Physiological
D. Intracellular
E. Restitution
postinfarction scar - fibrosis (where were
cardiomiocells) and hypertrophy of
E. Restitution
cardiomyocytes
78.
A 20-year-old male patient with a posttraumatic
variceal dilation and thrombosis of the
subcutaneous vein in the middle third part of the A. Reconstruction
shin underwent its surgical removal.
B. Canalization
Histologically, an obstructive thrombus was found C. Revascularization growing of a connective tissue into
thrombus
in the lumen of the vein with growing of a
D. Repair
connective tissue into the thrombus from the side E. Organization
of the vascular wall. What process did the changes
in the thrombus result from?
E.
Organization
79.
A male patient with chronic cystitis revealed,
A. Leukoplakia
along with the transitional epithelium, foci of the B. Hyperplasia
stratified squamous one without keratinization in a C. Dysplasia
biopsy of the mucosa of his bladder. What
D. Hyperkeratosis
pathological process does it indicate?
E. Metaplasia
E. Metaplasia
along with the transitional epithelium,
foci of the stratified squamous one
without keratinization
E.
Substitution
80.
A 30-year-old male patient, who 10 years before
had undergone removal of his traumatized left
kidney, against a background of good health
revealed a twice-fold enlargement of the right
kidney in comparison with the norm on
prophylactic medical examination. Which of the
listed processes was the most probable one in the
kidney?
81.
A. Complete
reparative
regeneration B.
A microscopic examination of a myocardium
revealed postinfarction transmural cardiosclerosis Physiological
postinfarction cardiosclerosis surrounded E.
regeneration C.
surrounded by enlarged cardiomyocytes with
by enlarged cardiomyocytes with large
Regenerative
large hyperchromatic nuclei rich in DNA. Which Pathological
hyperchromic nuclei riched in DNA
hypertrophy
regeneration
of the listed morphological processes in the
D. Work hypertrophy
cardiomyocytes was the most probable?
E. Regenerative
hypertrophy
82.
An autopsy of a 75-year-old male patient, who
suffered from a prostatic adenoma and died of
renal insufficiency, revealed enlarged kidneys; on
section, there was an atrophy of the parenchyma
and a lot of thin-walled cavities filled with urine.
Which of the listed kinds of an atrophy in the
kidney was the most probable?
A. Work
hypertrophy
B.
Hyperplasia
C. Neurohumoral
enlargement of right kidney after
hypertrophy
removaled left kidney
D. Pseudohypertrophy
E. Vicarious
hypertrophy
E. Vicarious
hypertrophy
A.
Dysfunctional
B.
Caused by
physical factors C.
prostatic adenoma; atrophy of kidneys
Neurotic D. Caused
E. Caused by
parenchyma; a lot of thin-walled cavities
by insufficiency of
pressure
filled with urine
blood circulation
E. Caused by pressure
83.
84.
85.
86.
A.
Under a
In a postoperative wound of a 10-year-old child, crust
who was operated for acute appendicitis; 2-3 days B.
Simple C.
later appeared some granulation tissue and on the By second
10th day a small thin scar was formed. Name the intention
D. By epithelization
kind of healing.
E. By first intention
A. Hypertrophic
A histological examination of a scrape from the vegetation B.
mucous membrane of the uterus was made in a 50- Vicarious
hypertrophy C.
year-old female patient who complained of a
disorder in the ovariomenstrual cycle manifested Regenerative
hypertrophy D.
by irregular significant haemorrhages. A
Vicarious
cystoglandular hyperplasia of the endometrium
was diagnosed. Name the kind of the pathological hypertrophy
E. Neurohumoral
process in the endometrium.
hyperplasia
A biopsy of a bronchus of a 50-year-old male
A. Hyperplasia
patient, who suffered from chronic bronchitis for
B. Heterotopia
20 years, revealed foci of substitution of the
C. Heteroplasia
stratified squamous epithelium for the columnar
D. Dysplasia
one. Which of the pathological processes listed
E. Metaplasia
below took place?
For examination, a scrape from the mucous coat
of the uterus of a 45-year-old woman suffering
A. Hypertrophy
from dysfunctional uterine bleedings was sent.
B. Metaplasia
Histologically, an increased number of
C. Dysplasia
endometrial glands and their intensified branching
D. Aplasia
with a cyst-like dilation of the lumens were found.
E. Hyperplasia
Which of the pathological processes listed below
was the most probable?
was operated for acute appendicitis (in
aseptic condition); granulation tissue;
small thin scar
E. By first
intention
50-year-old female; disorder in the
E.
ovariomenstrual
cycle
(pre-,
Neurohumoral
postmenopausal period); cystoglandular
hyperplasia
hyperplasia
chronic bronchitis for 20 years; foci of
substitution of the stratified squamous
epithelium for the columnar one
E. Metaplasia
dysfunctional uterine bleedings; increased
E.
number of endometrial glands and their
Hyperplasia
intensified branching
87.
An autopsy of a 57-year-old male patient, who
suffered from hypertensive disease and died of
cardiac decompensation, revealed an enlarged
heart with dilated cavities. Microscopically, the
cardiomyocytes were significantly enlarged and
had fatty degeneration with hyperchromatic
barrel-like nuclei. Which of the listed
morphological processes in the heart was the most
probable?
A.
Hypertrophic
vegetations
B.
Brown
atrophy C.
Concentric
hypertrophy D.
Vicarious
hypertrophy E.
Eccentric
hypertrophy
died of cardiac decompensation; enlarged
E. Eccentric
heart with dilated cavities; fatty
hypertrophy
degeneration of cardiomyocytes
A. Pathologic
atrophy B.
Physiologic atrophy
C. Aplasia
D. Agenesia
E. Hypoplasia
right kidney and its renal artery is less
than right one
E. Hypoplasia
structure and functions of organ was
restored completely
E. Restitution
88.
A 4-years-old girl was operated because of an
acute appendicitis. During the operation in the
retroperitoneal space it was found that the right
kidney is less by 1/3 in comparison with the left
one. The diameter of the right renal artery was 0,3
cm, the left one was 0,4 cm. What pathologic
process did occur in that case?
89.
A. Pathologic
regeneration B.
A 23-years-old patient got a lesion of the liver
Physiologic
because of trauma. In time a structure and
regeneration C.
functions of that organ was restored completely.
Metaplasia
What kind of regeneration did occur in that case? D. Substitution
E. Restitution
90.
91.
A child fell down the tree and got a simple
fracture of the one of hand’s bones. In a time
healing occurred. Call the kind of regeneration
and cells, which taking part in restoration.
A patient has died as a result of cardiac
insufficiency. In anamnesis he had got a
pulmonectomy in account of cyst of the right
lung. During the autopsy enlarged left one was
found out. Call the pathologic process in the left
lung.
A.
Physiological
regeneration,
osteoclasts
B.
Pathological
regeneration,
osteoclasts
C.
Intracellular
regeneration,
osteocytes D. Cellular fracture of bone; complete healing
regeneration,
osteoclasts and
osteoclasts E.
Reparative
regeneration,
osteoclasts and
osteoblasts
A.
Neurohumoral
hypertrophy
B.
Dyscirculatory
atrophy
C.
Dysfunctional pulmonectomy (of right lung) in
atrophy
anamnesis; enlarged left one
D.
Physiologic
hypertrophy E.
Replacement
hypertrophy
E. Reparative
regeneration,
osteoclasts
and
osteoblasts
E.
Replacement
hypertrophy
92.
93.
94.
95.
A patient has undergone to amputation of lower
extremity. In a time a painful nodules appeared in
a stump. Amputatious neuromas were found out
during the microscopical examination. What kind
of pathological processes do those formation
relate to?
A.
Dystrophy
B.
Inflammation
C.
Hyperemia D.
Metaplasia
E. Regeneration
amputatious neuromas
A.
Complete
regeneration
(restitution)
B.
Atrophy
After deep burns of the skin a patient has got a
C.
Hypertrophy
keloid scarring. What kind of pathologic
keloid scarring
D.
Metaplasia E.
processes do those formations relate to?
Incomplete
regeneration
(substitution)
A.
Tamponage of
the heart
B.
Tonogenic
Dystrophic changes of the heart muscle are
dilatation
accompanied with cardiac cavity enlargement,
C.
Cardiosclerosis Dystrophic changes of heart muscle;
decrease of the strength of heart contraction,
increased amount of blood, which remains in the D. Emergency stage cardiac cavity enlargement
heart during systolic phase, overfilled veins. For of hyperfunction and
hypertrophy
what state of heart is it characteristic?
E. Myogenic
dilatation
Decreased blood supply to the organs causes
hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function.
Volume of what elements is increased in this
case?
A. Lymphatic vessels
B. Parenchymatous
elements of the organ
Decreased blood supply; hypoxia;
C. Vessels of
fibroblasts activation (IDIOTIC
microcircular stream
QUESTION)
D. Nerve elements
E. Intercellular
substance
E.
Regeneration
E. Incomplete
regeneration
(substitution)
E. Myogenic
dilatation
E.
Intercellular
substance
96.
97.
98.
A. Hyperplasia B.
Complete
regeneration
(restitution)
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
E. Atrophy
A. Capillar
hemangioma
B.
During surgery in a 17-year-old patient it was
revealed the tumour of 4,5–5,0 sm in size on the Hemangiopericytoma
C.
lower surface of the liver with subserose
Hemangioendothelio
localization, of dark-red color. On the section
tumour has cavities with marked amount of blood. ma
D. Lymphangioma
What is preliminary diagnosis?
E. Cavernous
hemangioma
At autopsy of a patient died because of a cerebral
hemorrhage, strongly enlarged???? dense and
anemic kidneys (size: 6x3x2 sm, weight 60.0 g)
with a uniformly small-granulated surface and
with uniformly thinned cortex on a cut-surface
have been found out. Call adaptive-compensative
process in this case?
strongly enlarged dense and anemic
kidneys; small-granulated surface and
with uniformly thinned cortex on a
cutsurface
E. Atrophy
dark-red color tumour; has cavities with
blood
E. Cavernous
hemangioma
A.
Hemorrhagic
peritonitis
During autopsy approximately 2,0 liters of pus
B.
Serous
have been found in the abdominal cavity of the
peritonitis C.
pus in the abdominal cavity; peritoneum E.
body. Peritoneum is dull and of grayish shade,
Tuberculous
with grayish-colored coating that is easily Fibrinopurule
serous tunic of intestines has grayish-colored
peritonitis
removable
nt peritonitis
coating that is easily removable. Specify the most
D.
Necrosis
likely type of peritonitis in the patient:
E.
Fibrinopurulent
peritonitis
99.
Examination of the anterior abdominal wall of a
pregnant woman revealed a tumour-like formation
that arose on the spot of a tumour that was
A. Lipoma
removed two years ago. The neoplasm was
B. Fibrosarcoma
welldefined, dense, 2,1 cm large. Histological
C. Hibernoma
examination revealed that the tumour was
D. Leiomyoma
composed of differentiated connective tissue with E. Desmoid
prevailing collagen fibres. What tumour might be
suspected?
tumour-like formation well-defined,
dense; composed of differentiated
E. Desmoid
connective tissue with prevailing collagen
fibres
100.
A 50-year-old man has felt vague abdominal
discomfort within past 4 months. Physical
examination revealed no lymphadenopathy, and
no abdominal masses or organomegaly at
palpation. Bowel sounds are heard. An abdominal
CT scan shows a 20 cm retroperitoneal soft tissue
mass obscuring the left psoas muscle. A stool
specimen tested for occult blood is negative.
Which of the following neoplasms is this man
most likely to have?
A. Melanoma
B. Hamartoma
C. Adenocarcinoma
D. Lymphoma
E. Lipoma
no lymphadenopathy; no abdominal
masses or organomegaly; 20 cm
E. Lipoma
retroperitoneal soft tissue mass; negative
test for occult blood
A woman suffering from dysfunctional
metrorrhagia was made a diagnostic abortion.
Histologically in the scrape there were a lot of
small stamped glandulars covered with
multirowed epithelium. The lumens of some
glandulars were cystically extended. Choose the
variant of general pathologic process in the
endometrium.
A.
Atrophy of
endometrium
B.
Metaplasia
of endometrium C.
Neoplasm of
endometrium D.
Hypertrophic
growth
E. Glandular-cystic
hyperplasia of
endometrium
E.
dysfunctional metrorrhagia; a lot of small
Glandularcystic
stamped glandulars covered with
hyperplasia of
multirowed epithelium and cysts
endometrium
101.
102.
103.
104.
A patient who has been abusing tobacco smoking
for a long time has got cough accompanied by
A. Hypoplasia
excretion of viscous mucus; weakness after minor
B. Hyperplasia
physical stress, pale skin. The patient has also lost
C. Necrosis
12,0 kg of body weight. Endoscopic examination
D. Sclerosis
of biosy material his illness was diagnosed as
E. Metaplasia
squamous cell carcinoma. Name a pathological
process that preceded formation of the tumour:
squamous cell carcinoma in (ciliary
epithelium was replaced)
E. Metaplasia
Chronic inflammation and transformation of the A. Hyperplasia of the
one-layer ciliated epithelium into multiple- layers epithelium
chronic inflammation; transformation of
B.
Squamous cancer
flat epithelium was revealed in the thickened
ciliated epithelium into multiple- layers E. Metaplasia
C.
Leucoplacia
mucous membrane of the bronchus bioptate of
flat epithelium
D. Sclerosis
the patient with smoke abuse. Which of the
E.
Metaplasia
processes is the most likely?
A 40-year-old woman has had a feeling of
abdominal discomfort for the past 8 months. On
pelvic examination, there is the right adnexal
mass. Abdominal CT scan demonstrates a 7 cm A. Squamous cell
cystic mass involving the right ovary with small carcinoma of ovary B. cystic mass in ovary is filled with
areas of calcification. The uterus is normal in
Melanoma
abundant hair and sebum; glandular
size. The right fallopian tube and ovary have
C. Sarcoma of ovary D. spaces lined by columnar epithelium,
E. Teratoma
Metastase
of
cervical
been removed surgically. Grossly, the mass on
squamous epithelium with hair follicles,
carcinoma
sectioning is filled with abundant hair and sebum.
cartilage, and dense connective tissue
Microscopically, the mass has glandular spaces E. Teratoma
lined by columnar epithelium, squamous
epithelium with hair follicles, cartilage, and dense
connective tissue. What type of tumour is it?
105.
106.
107.
Examination of a young woman revealed a
nodelike, soft and elastic homogenous tumour of
pinkish-white colour along the acoustic nerve.
The tumour contains cell bundles with oval
nuclei. Cellular fibrous bundles form rhythmic
structures made up by parallel rows of regularly
oriented cells arranged in form of a palisade with
cell-free homogenous zone (Verocay bodies)
between them. What tumour is it?
6 months after delivery a woman had uterine
bleeding. Gynecological examination revealed in
the uterine cavity a dark-red tissue with multiple
cavities that resembled of "sponge". Microscopic
examination of the tumour revealed some atypic
light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of
cyncytiotrophoblast in blood lacunas. What
tumour is it?
Examination of a 55 year old woman revealed
under the skin of submandibular area a movable
slowly growing pasty formation with distinct
borders 1,0x0,7 cm large. Histological
examination revealed lipocytes that form
segments of diffrent forms and sizes separated
from each other by thin layers of connective
tissue with vessels. What is the most probable
diagnosis?
A.
Malignant
tumour along the acoustic nerve; cellular
neurinoma
fibrous bundles form rhythmic structures
B.
Ganglioneurinoma
from parallel rows of regularly oriented
C. Neuroblastoma
E. Neurinoma
cells arranged in form of a palisade with
D.
cell-free homogenous zone (Verocay
Ganglioneuroblastoma
bodies)
E. Neurilemmoma
A.
Squamous cell
nonkeratinous
6 months after delivery; uterine bleeding;
carcinoma
dark-red tissue with multiple cavities
E.
B.
Adenocarcinoma (resembled of "sponge"); atypic light
Chorioepitheli
C.
Fibromyoma
epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells oma
D.
Vesicular mole
of cyncytiotrophoblast
E.
Chorioepithelioma
A. Fibroma
B. Angioma
C. Liposarcoma
D. Fibrosarcoma
E. Lipoma
formation with distinct borders;
lipocytes that form segments of diffrent
E. Lipoma
forms and sizes separated from each
other by thin layers of connective tissue
108.
109.
110.
111.
A.
Epidermoid
cancer without
keratinization
The microscopic analysis of bronch biopsy
B.
Solid carcinoma
revealed a tumor that consisted of circumscribed
C.
Mucous
accumulations of atypical cells of multylayer
carcinoma
plane epithelium, here and there with typical
D.
Scirrhus
"pearls". What is the most likely diagnosis?
E.
Epidermoid
cancer with
keratinization
A. Metaplasia
A female patient suffering from secondary
B. Leukoplasia
syphilis got foci of skin depigmentation in the
C. Dysplasia
upper parts of her back. What pathological
D. Parakeratosis
process is it?
E. Leukoderma
A 53 year old patient consulted a doctor about
white patch on the mucous membrane of tongue.
This patch sticks out from the mucous membrane,
its surface is cracked. Microscopic analysis
reveals thickening of multilayer epithelium,
parakeratosis and acanthosis. What is the most
probable diagnosis?
A 75 year old male patient consulted a surgeon
about a brown nonhealing ulcer of shin.
Examination of biopsy material revealed diffuse
growth of polymorphic atypic cells with brown
pigment in their cytoplasm. Pearls reaction was
negative. There were also a lot of pathological
mitoses and foci of tissue necrosis. What is the
most probable diagnosis?
E. Epidermoid
tumor with atypical cells of multylayer
cancer with
plane epithelium; "pearls"
keratinization
skin depigmentation
E.
Leukoderma
A. Geographic tongue
B. Epidermoid cancer
white patch on mucous membrane with
C. Papilloma
E.
cracked; thickening of multilayer
D. Median rhomboid
Leukoplakia
epithelium, parakeratosis and acanthosis
glossitis
E. Leukoplakia
A.
Local
hemosiderosis
B.
Intradermal
nevus
C.
Trophic ulcer
D.
Skin cancer
E.
Melanoma
white patch on mucous membrane with
cracked; thickening of multilayer
E. Melanoma
epithelium, parakeratosis and acanthosis
A 69-year-old patient got a small plaque with
subsequent ulceration on the skin of the lower
eyelid. The formation was removed. Microscopic
examination of dermis revealed complexes of
atypical epitelial cells arranged perpendicularly to
the basal membrane on the periphery. The cells
were dark, of polygonal prismatic shape with
hyperchromic nuclei with frequent mitoses. What
is the histological form of carcinoma in this
patient?
A.
Keratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
small plaque with ulceration on the skin
B.
Nonkeratinizing of eyelid; atypical epitelial cells arranged
squamous cell
perpendicularly to the basal membrane; E. Basal cell
carcinoma
cells are dark, polygonal prismatic shape carcinoma
C.
Adenocarcinoma with hyperchromic nuclei; frequent
D.
Undifferentiated mitoses
E. Basal cell
carcinoma
113.
Histological study of the bronchial wall and
adjacent lung segments revealed sheets and
strands of squamous epithelium. The cells have
moderately expressed symptoms of atypia:
polymorphism, nuclear hyperchromatism,
mitoses. In the center of the complex there are
concentric pink formations. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A.
Non-keratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
B.
Adenocarcinoma
C.
Scirrhus
squamous epithelium with atypia;
D.
Undifferentiated complex with concentric pink formations
carcinoma
E.
Keratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
114.
Histologically, the internal wall of a cyst localized
A. Simple granuloma
on the upper jaw is lined with stratified squamous
B. Epithelial
epithelium with underlying granulation tissue
granuloma
infiltrated by lymphocytes. The external layer is
C. Keratocyst
represented by loose fibrous connective tissue
D. Ameloblastoma
surrounded by cicatrical fibrous tissue. What
E. Cystic granuloma
diagnosis can be made?
112.
E.
Keratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
cyst is lined with stratified squamous
epithelium with granulation tissue
E. Cystic
infiltrated by lymphocytes; loose fibrous
granuloma
connective tissue with cicatrical fibrous
tissue externallly
115.
A.
Squamous cell
non-keratinizing
carcinoma
Microscopic examination of a skin tumor revealed
B.
Solid carcinoma
that it invaded the underlying tissue, destroyed it
C.
Adenocarcinoma tumor formed nests and cords of atypical
and formed nests and cords of atypical epithelium D. Medullary
epithelium with pearl-like formations
which included some pearl-like formations.
carcinoma
Specify the tumor:
E. Keratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
E.
Keratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
A.
Acute
endometritis
B.
Leiomyoma
E. Glandular
C.
Cystic mole
twisting glands were extended by stroma
hyperplasia of
D.
Placental polyp growth with cells proliferation
endometrium
E. Glandular
hyperplasia of
endometrium
116.
Histologic analysis of uterus mucous membrane
revealed twisting glands, serrated and spinned,
they were extended by stroma growth with
proliferation of its cells. Formulate a diagnosis:
117.
Microscopy of colonic biopsy material revealed a A.
Basal cell
tumor made up of prismatic epithelium and
carcinoma
forming atypical glandular structures of various B.
Solid carcinoma
shapes and sizes. The basal membrane of glands C.
Mucosal
was destroyed. Tumour cells were polymorphic, carcinoma D.
with hyperchromatic nuclei and a large number Undifferentiated
of pathological mitoses. What is the most likely carcinoma
E. Adenocarcinoma
diagnosis?
tumor with atypical glandular structure;
basal membrane was destroyed; cells
with pathological mitoses
E.
Adenocarcino
ma
118.
119.
120.
The man of 46 years old has a dark patch on a
skin which towered and did not disturb. In course
of time a spot began to increase, pain appeared, a A. Basalioma
dark patch spot began to increase, pain
color became blackly-brown and a it was easy to B. Gemangioma
appeared, a color became blackly-brown;
feel the knot. Fusiform and polymorphic cells the C. Haematoma
E. Melanoma
fusiform and polymorphic cells with
cytoplasm of which contained the pigment of
D. Carcinoid
brown pigment in cytoplasm
brown color concerned on histological research E. Melanoma
of remote fabric. What tumour is the question
about?
Patient 46 years, delivered in a clinic with the
A.
Adenomatoidic
spontaneous break in the corner of lower jaw. In tumour
solid whitish color tissue with brown
the site of fracture substituted by solid whitish
B.
Odontogenic
insertion; isles of the rounded form,
color tissue with brown insertion. At
karcinoma
E.
limited by a cylindrical and cube
pathohistological research the isles of the
C.
Complex
Ameloblastom
epithelium; In a center are asteroid, oval
rounded form, limited by a cylindrical and cube odontoma
a
polygonal cells which form a net
epithelium, are exposed. In a center are asteroid, D.
(plexiform type)
oval polygonal cells which form a net. What is Odentomeoblastoma
the name of a tumour?
E. Ameloblastoma
At a woman in 6 months, the uterine bleeding
A.
Squamous cell
developed after births; at gynaecological
nonkeratinous
6 months after delivery; uterine bleeding;
examination in the cavity of uterus found out
carcinoma
dark-red tissue with multiple cavities
E.
tissue crimson color with plural cavities,
B.
Adenocarcinoma (resembled of "sponge"); atypic light
Chorionepithe
reminding a «sponge». At microscopic research
C.
Fibromyoma
epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells lioma
of tumor in tissue of blood found out the atypical
D.
Vesicular mole
of cyncytiotrophoblast
light ephithelial cells of Langhans and giant cells
E.
Chorioepithelioma
of syncytiotrophoblast. Name a tumour.
121.
122.
123.
124.
At the patient of 21 year the tumor of frontal part
of right hemisphere is remoted from head brain.
A. Oligodendroglioma
Tumor is a 5 sm in diametr, unclear delimited
young age patient; unclear delimited from
B. Ganglioneuroma
from near-by tissue. On a cut - homogeneous
nearby tissu (expansive-infiltrative grow); E.
C. Epsidimoma
kind, histological — consists of cells the
homogeneous kindж numerous sprouts of Astrocytoma
D. Chorionpapiloma
numerous sprouts of which form thick
cells form thick interlacements
E. Astrocytoma
interlacements. What tumour took place in a
cerebrum?
At a patient on the skin of person gradual a
A. Sarcoma
nameplate developed with necrosis and ulcer in a
B. Villoma
pathology with necrosis and ulcer in a
center. At pathohistologic research of bioptate
E. Carcinoma
C. Trophic ulcer
center; atypical ephithelial cells with
excrescence of atypical ephithelial cells is
of skin
D. Fibroma
pathological mitosises
exposed with plenty of pathological mitosises.
E. Carcinoma of skin
What is the most reliable diagnosis?
A dense tumour mobile is macroscopically found A. Leiomyoma
in a skin. At a microscopy she is presented by the B. Melanoma
dense mobile tumour; chaotically located
E. Hard
chaotically located bunches of collogens fibres
C. Lipoma
bunches of collogens fibres with the
fibroma
with the two-bit of fusiform cells. What tumour is D. Angioneoplasm
twobit of fusiform cells
remote?
E. Hard fibroma
A. Flatcell carcinoma
At a patient on small curvature in pyloric
B. Scirrhus of stomach
department found out formation of crateriform.
C.
Mucous
From the regional area of education a biopsy is
formation of crateriform form; tumour
E.
carcinoma of stomach with the glandlike structures of different
taken. Information of histological research:
Solid carcinoma form and size, ingrowing in surrounding Adenocarcino
tumour with the glandlike structures of different D.
ma
form and size, ingrowing in surrounding tissue by of stomach
tissue
E.
Adenocarcinoma
expressed congestion of cells. Name the
histological variant of this tumour.
125.
126.
127.
128.
A. Ferrous
At a patient 55 years the relapsive uterine
hyperplasia of
bleeding appeared. The diagnostic
endometrium B.
endometrectomy is executed. In endometrium
structure among the elements of blood evidently Chorionepithelioma
C. Adenomatous
the ferrous elements of different size and form,
polypus
formed by atypical cells with hyperchromic
D. Signs of the
nuclei, with numerous mitosises (including
pathological). About what process is it possible to interrupted pregnancy
E. Adenocarcinoma
think?
At the autopsy of a deceased man who died in the A. Alimentary
Pituitary C.
result of intoxication there were found following B.
Cerebral D. One that
signs: cachexia, muscle atrophy, wrinkled skin,
reduced weight of internal organs, stenotic tumor accompanies chronic
infectious disease
of antral part of stomach with metastases in the
E. Cancerous
liver and regional lymph nodes. What type of
cachexia is the most likely?
At microscopy study of skin neoplasm of brown
colour there was found that the tumor consists of A. Hematoidin
nevus cells that are located in the dermis as
B. Hemosiderin
conglomerations and chords. Cytoplasm of cells C. Bilirubin
contains brown pigment, which gives a negative D. Hemomelanin
Perl’s reaction. Which pigment is the most
E. Melanin
probably found in the cytoplasm of cells?
Examination of a 29-year-old patient revealed a A.
dense, immobile, ill- defined tumor-like formation Osteoblastoclastoma
in the lower jaw. The overlying mucosa was pale. B. Exacerbation of
chronic osteomyelitis
Biopsy of the neoplasm revealed osteoid
C.
structures lined with atypical osteoblasts;
Ameloblastoma
numerous pathologic mitotic figures; a great
number of thin- walled vessels. What is the most D. Primary jaw
carcinoma E.
likely diagnosis?
Osteosarcoma
ferrous elements of different size and
form, formed by atypical cells with
hyperchromatic nuclei and pathological
mitosis
E.
Adenocarcino
ma
stenotic tumor of antral part of stomach
with metastases in the liver and regional
lymph nodes
E. Cancerous
tumor consists of nevus cells
E. Melanin
tumor; osteoid structures lined with
atypical osteoblasts
E.
Osteosarcoma
129.
130.
131.
In a male patient, a visual examination of the skin
of his back revealed some spherical tumour, 2 cm
in diameter, which was thick in consistency and
had clear borders with the surrounding tissues.
Microscopically, the tumour consisted of some
chaotically interlaced bundles of collagenous
fibres and small numbers of connective tissue
cells. Name the tumour.
A histological examination of a scrape from the
mucous coat of the uterus made in a female
patient, who complained of a disorder in the
ovariomenstrual cycle, revealed vegetation of the
glandular structures consisting of atypical
epithelial cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and
pathological mitoses. The changes in the
glandular structures were accompanied by an
impairment in the integrity of the basal membrane
of the cells. Make a diagnosis.
On bronchoscopy, an exophytic tumour was
found; it was localized in the bronchus and
significantly narrowed its lumen. Histologically,
the tumour consisted of complexes of
polymorphous epithelial cells with
hyperchromatic nuclei and pathological mitoses.
Among the tumour cells there were eosinophilic
concentric structures. Make a diagnosis of the
tumour.
A. Leiomyoma
B. Haemangioma
C. Melanoma
D. Lipoma
E. Fibroma
A. Glandular
hyperplasia of
endometrium B.
Chorionepithelioma
C. Mucinous
carcinoma D.
Dimorphic
carcinoma
E. Adenocarcinoma
A. Nonkeratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma B.
Large-cell
carcinoma C.
Small-cell
carcinoma
D. Adenoacanthoma
E. Keratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
tumor with thick in consistency and clear
borders; consist of collagenous fibres and E. Fibroma
a small numbers of connective tissue cells
atypical epithelial cells with
E.
hyperchromatic nuclei and pathological
Adenocarcino
mitosis; an impairment in the integrity of
ma
the basal membrane
tumour in the bronchus; consisted of
complexes of polymorphous epithelial
cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and
pathological mitosis; eosinophilic
concentric structures ("cancer pearls")
E.
Keratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
132.
133.
134.
135.
A. Transitional cell
carcinoma
A microscopic examination of a biopsy from a
B.
Nonkeratinizing
uterine cervix revealed some neoplasm consisting squamous cell
neoplasm with stratified squamous
of the stratified squamous epithelium
carcinoma
epithelium with nuclear atypism,
characterized by cellular and nuclear atypism,
C.
Adenocarcinoma pathological mitoses; keratin pearls in the
pathological mitoses, as well as keratin pearls in D. Solid carcinoma
depth
the depth of the epithelial layers. What is your
E. Keratinizing
diagnosis?
squamous cell
carcinoma
For a histological examination, an eyeball was
A. Neurilemmoma
sent; some black tumour, 1 x 0.4 cm in size, was
B.
Angiosarcoma
revealed in its vascular membrane.
C. Neuroblastoma D. some black tumor ... in vascular
Microscopically, the tumour consisted of large
membrane; large polymorphous cells ...
polymorphous cells grouped in alveolar structures.
contained brown pigment
Ganglioneuroblastoma
The cytoplasm of the cells contained some brown
E. Melanoma
pigment. What is your diagnosis?
A. Basal cell
A microscopic examination of a biopsy from a
large intestine revealed some tumour made of the carcinoma
tumour with columnar epithelium,
B.
Solid carcinoma atypical glandular structures of various
columnar epithelium which formed atypical
C. Mucinous
glandular structures of various shapes and size.
shapes and size; cells were
The epithelial cells were polymorphous and with carcinoma
polymorphous, hyperchromatic nuclei,
D. Carcinoma simplex pathological mitoses
hyperchromatic nuclei, there were pathological
E. Adenocarcinoma
mitoses. What is your diagnosis?
A 65-year-old woman underwent removal of some
tumour, 1.0 x 1.0 x 0.8 cm in size, localized under
the skin of her thigh. Macroscopically, the tumour A. Hibernoma
had a connective-tissue capsule and was
B. Liposarcoma
represented on section with a yellowish lobate
C. Fibroma
tissue. Microscopically, there were large cells,
D. Desmoid
which had the sudanophilic cytoplasm and formed E. Lipoma
lobules separated with connective-tissue layers.
Name this tumour.
E.
Keratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
E. Melanoma
E.
Adenocarcino
ma
tumour under the skin; connective-tissue
capsule around yellowish lobate tissue;
large cells with sudanophilic cytoplasm; E. Lipoma
formed lobules separated with connectivetissue layers
136.
A thick encapsulated node, 2.0 cm in diameter,
was surgically removed from the mammary gland
of a female patient. On section, the tissue of the
node was white-pink and fibrous.
Microscopically, the tumour consisted of
glandular structures, which had no signs of
cellular atypism and were compressed with a
connective tissue vegetating around. In the
tumour, the stroma prevailed over the glandular
parenchyma. What is your diagnosis?
137.
A.
Mucinous
A male patient, who suffered from chronic
bronchitis for a long period of time, revealed a
carcinoma
Solid carcinoma
pulmonary tumour, which was closely connected B.
with the bronchial wall and grew in the form of a C. Nonkeratinizing
tumour with polymorphous epithelial
polyp. Microscopically, the tumour consisted of squamous cell
cells with a large number of mitoses;
complexes of polymorphous epithelial cells with a carcinoma
stratified concentric oxyphilic structures
large number of mitoses. Among the tumour cells D. Adenocarcinoma E. in deep (cancer pearls)
Keratinizing squamous
there were stratified concentric oxyphilic
cell carcinoma
structures. Name the histological type of the
tumour.
E.
Keratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
138.
A tumour was found in the locus of a pathological
fracture of a rib in a male patient. The case history A. Primary
contained information about persistent proteinuria macroglobulinaemia
with presence of abnormal proteins of BenceJones B. Heavy-chain
type, as well as presence of osteolytic foci in the disease
bones of the spine, skull and pelvis.
C. Osteosarcoma
Histologically, the tumour cells were represented D. Fibrosarcoma
by plasmablasts and plasmacytes. What is your
E. Multiple myeloma
diagnosis?
E. Multiple
myeloma
A.
Adenoma
thick encapsulated node; white-pink and
B.
Nonproliferative
fibrous tissue; glandular structures
mastopathy
without signs cellular atypism;
E.
C.
Proliferative
compressed with a connective tissue;
Fibroadenoma
mastopathy
stroma prevailed over the glandular
D.
Adenocarcinoma
parenchyma
E.
Fibroadenoma
persistent proteinuria with abnormal
proteins of Bence-Jones type; osteolytic
foci; plasmablasts and plasmacytes in
tumor
139.
140.
141.
142.
A 40-year-old male patient underwent removal
of a tumour, 2 cm in diameter, which was
A. Medulloblastoma
localized in the region of the cerebellopontine
B. Meningioma
(near to cranial nerve;) spindle cells
angle of the brain stem and tended to grow into
C. Oligodendroglioma with rod-shaped nuclei; tumour cells and
the auditory meatus. Histologically, the tumour
D. Astrocytoma
fibres formed rhythmic structures
consisted of spindle cells with rod-shaped nuclei;
E. Schwannoma
the tumour cells and fibres formed rhythmic
structures. Name the kind of the tumour.
A 6-year-old boy underwent removal of a
A. Astrocytoma
tumour localized along the median line of the
B.
Oligodendroglioma
cerebellum. Histologically, the tumour consisted C. Multiform
children's age; cerebellum; cells with
of the cells which had a poor crown of the
spongioblastoma D.
hyperchromatic nuclei with mitotic
cytoplasm, a hyperchromatic nucleus,
Bipolar spongioblastoma activity; form "rosettes"
demonstrated a mitotic activity and tended to
E. Medulloblastoma
form "rosettes". What is your diagnosis?
A. Primary amyloid
An autopsy of a male, who died from chronic
nephropathy B.
renal insufficiency, revealed numerous nodes
with soft elastic consistency in the ribs, bones of Parathyroid
chronic renal insufficiency; numerous
osteodystrophy C.
the vault of the skull and the breastbone. The
soft elastic decalcified nodes in flat
osseous substance was decalcified according to Osteoma
bones; kidneys enlarged, light grey,
the nodes. The kidneys were enlarged, light grey,
dense, with greasy lustre
dense, their section had some greasy lustre. What D. Osteosarcoma
is your diagnosis?
E. Multiple myeloma
Some tumour, which was mobile and clearly
delimited from the surrounding tissues, was
A. Soft fibroma
mobile and clearly delimited tumor;
revealed in the skin. On section, the tumour
B. Histiocytoma
tissue white and fibrous; chaotically
tissue was white and fibrous. Microscopically, C. Dermatofibroma
interlaced collagenous fibres, a small
the tumour consisted of chaotically interlaced
D. Desmoid
number of connective tissue cells
collagenous fibres and a small number of
E. Hard fibroma
connective tissue cells. Name the tumour.
E.
Schwannoma
E.
Medulloblasto
ma
E. Multiple
myeloma
E. Hard
fibroma
143.
144.
145.
A male underwent surgical removal of a black
tumour, 2 cm in diamete, from the skin of his
A. Carcinoma
thigh. Microscopically, the tumour consisted of
B. Sarcoma
polymorphous cells, the cytoplasm of most of
C. Carcinosarcoma
them having some brown pigment (with a positive
D. Nevus
reaction to DOPA). A large number of
E. Melanoma
pathological mitoses was registered. Which of the
tumours listed below was the most probable?
An enlarged dense tuberous prostate has been sent
for a histological examination. On section, there
were tumour nodes, 1-2 cm in diameter, surrounded A. Solid carcinoma
by connective-tissue layers.
B. Adenoma
Microscopically, against a background of fibrosis C. Fibroma
there were glandular complexes with atypical
D. Fibrosarcoma
epithelial cells, hyperchromatic nuclei and
E. Adenocarcinoma
pathological mitoses. Which of the tumours listed
below was the most probable?
A thick node without any clear borders, about 10
cm in diameter, is contoured on the outer surface A. Malignant
of a thigh. Microscopically, the tumour consists of histiocytoma B.
immature fibroblast-like cells with pathological Hard fibroma
mitoses and collagenous fibres. The tumour cells C. Soft fibroma
grow among the muscular fibres. Indicate the
D. Dermatofibroma
diagnosis which was the most probable one of
E. Fibrosarcoma
those listed below.
black tumour; polymorphous cells with
brown pigment; large number of
pathological mitoses
E. Melanoma
glandular complexes with atypical
E.
epithelial cells, hyperchromatic nuclei and Adenocarcino
pathological mitoses
ma
node without any clear borders; immature
E.
fibroblast-like cells with pathological
Fibrosarcoma
mitoses and collagenous fibres
A tumour removed from the white matter of the
right hemisphere of the brain is some soft
"motley" node, 4 cm in diameter, without any
clear borders with the substance of the brain.
Microscopically, the tumour consists of
polymorphous cells with numerous pathological
mitoses, and it also reveals foci of necrosis and
haemorrhages which occurred at different time.
Name the tumor.
A. Oligodendroglioma
B.
soft "motley" node ... without any clear
Oligodendroglioblasto
borders; consists of polymorphous cells E.
ma
with numerous pathological mitoses; foci Glioblastoma
C. Astrocytoma
of necrosis and haemorrhage
D. Astroblastoma
E. Glioblastoma
147.
A newborn baby has some red-blue flattened
tumor, 5 x 4 x 0.3 cm in size, in a capsule on the
skin of its face. Microscopically, the tumour
consists of large thin-walled vascular cavities
which have an endothelial lining and are filled
with blood. Name the tumour.
A. Venous
haemangioma
B. Capillary
haemangioma
C.
Hemangiopericytoma
D. Lymphangioma
E. Cavernous
haemangioma
148.
A. Undifferentiated
On bronchoscopy in the initial part of the upper large-cell carcinoma
lobe bronchus of the right lung some polyp-like B. Squamous cell
formation, 1.0 cm in diameter, with a superficial carcinoma
C. Adenocarcinoma
ulcer was found. A histological examination
revealed a tumour consisting of lymphocyte-like D. Glandular
cells with hyperchromatic nuclei; the cells grew in squamous cell
carcinoma
layers and bands. Indicate the most probable
E. Undifferentiated
tumour.
small-cell carcinoma
146.
red-blue flattened tumor; consists of large
thin-walled vascular cavities which have E. Cavernous
an endothelial lining and are filled with haemangioma
blood
polyp-like formation with a superficial
ulcer; tumour consisting of
lymphocytelike cells with hyperchromatic
nuclei; the cells grew in layers and bands
E.
Undifferentiat
ed small-cell
carcinoma
149.
150.
151.
A.
Haematogenous B.
An autopsy of a female who died from cachexia,
Lymphogenous
revealed some massive exophytic carcinoma on
E.
orthograde C.
carcinoma of stomach with metastases to
the lesser curvature of the stomach with
Lymphogenou
Implantation
the ovaries
metastases to the ovaries. What kind of metastatic
s retrograde
D. Perineural
spreading took place?
E. Lymphogenous
retrograde
A. Papillary adenoma
A histological examination of a thyroid gland
small cysts with atypical epithelium and
B. Follicular
revealed small cysts, which were lined with
filled with papillae growth from the walls E. Papillary
carcinoma
atypical epithelium and filled with papillae, the
of the cysts and growing into their
C. Solid carcinoma
carcinoma
latter originating from the walls of the cysts and
capsules
D. Carcinoma simplex
growing into their capsules. Name the tumour.
E. Papillary carcinoma
A. Physiologic
regeneration B.
Complete reparative
Under microscopic investigation the postinfarction regeneration C.
Pathologic
cardiosclerosis has been found out. Around
cardiosclerotic area myocardiocytes were enlarged regeneration D.
in size and had large hyperchromic nuclei riched Hypertrophy
because of
in DNA. What process taking place in
increased workload
myocardiocytes is more probable?
E. Regenerative
hypertrophy
postinfarction cardiosclerosis surrounded E.
by enlarged cardiomyocytes with large
Regenerative
hyperchromic nuclei riched in DNA
hypertrophy
152.
A. Intralobular
A 47-year-old woman underwent radical
carcinoma in situ
mastectomy for a neoplasm. A histological
B. Acneiform
examination of the mammary gland revealed an carcinoma C.
eczematous lesion of the nipple and areola, a
Papillary
cancerous lesion of the ducts of the gland and
carcinoma
presence of large light cells in the epidermis of the D. Fibrous carcinoma
nipple and areola. Make a diagnosis.
E. Paget's disease
153.
A histological express examination of a tumour
node of a mammary gland revealed some
encapsulated formation with proliferation of
alveoli and intralobular ducts; the interstitial
connective tissue grew either around or inside the
ducts. Which of the tumours took place?
154.
eczematous lesion of the nipple and
areola; lesion of the ducts of the gland and E. Paget's
presence of large light cells in the
disease
epidermis
A. Foliaceous tumour
B. Noninfiltrating
encapsulated tumor with proliferation of
intralobular carcinoma
alveoli and intralobular ducts; interstitial E.
C. Infiltrating
connective tissue grew either around or Fibroadenoma
intralobular carcinoma
inside the ducts
D. Paget's disease
E. Fibroadenoma
A. Mucinous
cystadenoma B.
Serous
During an operation on a woman, her cyst-like
changed ovary was removed; it was a thin-walled cystadenocarcinoma
cavity filled with some yellowish transparent fluid C. Pseudomucinous
and having a smooth inner surface. Histologically, cystocarcinoma D.
Granulosa cell
the cavity wall was lined with the cubical
tumour E. Serous
epithelium. Name the kind of the tumour.
cystadenoma
cyst-like changed ovary; a thin-walled
cavity with yellowish transparent fluid;
smooth inner surface with the cubical
epithelium
E. Serous
cystadenoma
155.
A histological examination of a biopsy from a
uterine cervix revealed that its tissue was covered
with a wide layer of the stratified squamous
epithelium having foci of proliferation of atypical
cells with pathological mitoses, but the basal
membrane of the epithelium was not affected.
What is your diagnosis?
156.
A histological examination of some spherical
neoplasm located under the surface of the skin,
revealed papilliform vegetations of the epithelium
with phenomena of acanthosis and
hyperkeratinization. The tumour stroma consisted
of a large amount of the connective tissue and
vessels. What tumour took place?
157.
A 26-year-old male patient underwent surgical
removal of a tumour, 4 x 5 cm in size, which was
surrounded by a capsule and located in the white
matter of his brain. Microscopically, the tumour
consisted of the stellate and glia cells having
various size and located among the glial fibres.
Name the tumour.
A.
Nonkeratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
B.
Keratinizing
stratified squamous epithelium with foci
squamous cell
of proliferation of atypical cells with
E. Carcinoma
carcinoma
pathological mitoses; basal membrane not in situ
C.
Leukoplakia
affected
D.
Epithelial
dysplasia
E.
Carcinoma in
situ
A.
Keratoacanthoma
B.
Carcinoma in
situ C. Keratinizing
squamous cell
under skin surface; papilliform
carcinoma
vegetations of epithelium; large amount E. Papilloma
D. Nonkeratinizing
of the connective tissue and vessels
squamous cell
carcinoma E.
Papilloma
A. Oligodendroglioma
B. Astroblastoma
tumour with capsule in white matter of
E.
C. Glioblastoma
brain; stellate and glia cells with various
Astrocytoma
D. Ependymoma
size and located among the glial fibres
E. Astrocytoma
A.
Hepatocellular
adenoma
B.
Metastasis of
adenocarcinoma C.
atypical hepatocytes which formed
Cholangiocellular
trabeculae, acini or tubules; stroma is
carcinoma
poor and had thin-walled blood vessels
D. Solid carcinoma E.
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
158.
On supersonic examination of a 48-year-old male
patient, a hepatic neoplasm was diagnosed and a
puncture biopsy was made. Microscopically, the
tumour consisted of atypical hepatocytes which
formed trabeculae, acini or tubules. The tumour
stroma was poor and had thin-walled blood
vessels. Which of the kinds of tumours listed
below was the most probable?
159.
A.
Keratoacanthoma
B.
Carcinoma in
A histological examination of some spherical
situ C. Keratinizing
neoplasm located under the surface of the skin,
revealed papilliform vegetations of the epithelium squamous cell
under skin surface; papilliform
carcinoma
with phenomena of acanthosis and
vegetations of epithelium; large amount
hyperkeratinization. The tumour stroma consisted D. Nonkeratinizing
of the connective tissue and vessels
squamous cell
of a large amount of the connective tissue and
carcinoma E.
vessels. What tumour took place?
Papilloma
160.
A 26-year-old male patient underwent surgical
removal of a tumour, 4 x 5 cm in size, which was
surrounded by a capsule and located in the white
matter of his brain. Microscopically, the tumour
consisted of the stellate and glia cells having
various size and located among the glial fibres.
Name the tumour.
E.
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
E. Papilloma
A. Oligodendroglioma
B. Astroblastoma
tumour with capsule in white matter of
E.
C. Glioblastoma
brain; stellate and glia cells with various
Astrocytoma
D. Ependymoma
size and located among the glial fibres
E. Astrocytoma
161.
162.
163.
On supersonic examination of a 48-year-old male
patient, a hepatic neoplasm was diagnosed and a
puncture biopsy was made. Microscopically, the
tumour consisted of atypical hepatocytes which
formed trabeculae, acini or tubules. The tumour
stroma was poor and had thin-walled blood
vessels. Which of the kinds of tumours listed
below was the most probable?
A 45-year-old male underwent surgical removal
of a tumour, 4 x 3 cm in size, from the lateral
ventricle of his brain; the tumour surface had
small papillae, and it was connected with a
vascular plexus. Microscopically, the tumour
consisted of villus-like vegetations covered with
epithelial cells of the cubical and columnar shape
and the monomorphous kind. Which of the
tumours listed below was the most probable?
An encapsulated tumour, 2 cm in diameter,
surgically removed from an amputation stump of
a lower extremity, microscopically consists of
spindle cells of the monomorphous kind with rodshaped nuclei which form "fence-like" structures
together with fibres. Which of the tumours listed
below is the most probable?
A.
Hepatocellular
adenoma
B.
Metastasis of
adenocarcinoma C.
atypical hepatocytes which formed
Cholangiocellular
trabeculae, acini or tubules; stroma is
carcinoma
poor and had thin-walled blood vessels
D. Solid carcinoma E.
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
E.
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
tumour in brain ventricle; small papillae
A. Ependymoma
were connected with a vascular plexus;
B. Ependymoblastoma
villus-like vegetations covered with
C. Choriocarcinoma
epithelial cells of the cubical and
D. Glioblastoma
columnar shape and the monomorphous
E. Choriopapilloma
kind
E.
Choriopapillo
ma
A. Neurofibroma
B. Malignant
neurilemmoma C.
Soft fibroma
D. Fibrosarcoma E.
Benign
neurilemmoma
encapsulated tumour from amputation
stump; spindle cells of monomorphous
E. Benign
kind with rod- shaped nuclei which form neurilemmom
"fence-like" structures together with
a
fibres
164.
165.
166.
A microscopic examination of a biopsy from a
deformed mucous membrane of a lobar bronchus A.
Squamous cell
of a 45-year-old male, who smoked for many
carcinoma
years, revealed a carcinoma consisting of atypical B.
Adenocarcinoma
carcinoma; not spread to the basal
epithelial cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and
C.
Solid carcinoma
membrane
numerous pathological mitoses. The growth of the D. Small-cell
tumour did not spread to the basal membrane of carcinoma
E. Carcinoma in situ
the epithelium. Name the histological form of
carcinoma.
A. Chronic
The patient, who worked for a long period of time myeloleukaemia
Pernicious
with benzene, develops progressing anaemia and B.
worked with benzene; progressing
anaemia C.
the haemorrhagic syndrome. A biopsy of his
anaemia and haemorrhagic syndrome; at
Haemolytic anaemia biopsy: prevalence of a fatty tissue, small
breastbone reveals prevalence of a fatty tissue,
and there are some small islets of haemopoiesis D. Hypoplastic
islets of haemopoiesis with solitary cells
with solitary cells of myelopoiesis. What is your anaemia
of myelopoiesis
E.
Aplastic
diagnosis?
anaemia
A. Chronic myeloid
leukemia
The patient who long worked with benzene,
worked with benzene; progressing anemia
Pernicious
progressing anemia and hemorrhagic syndrome. B.
and hemorrhagic syndrome; biopsy anemia C. Hemolytic
In the biopsy of sternum predominant adipose
predominant adipose tissue, a few small
anemia D. Iron
tissue, revealed a few small foci with isolated
foci with isolated blood cells myelopoesis
deficiency anemia
blood cells myelopoesis. Your diagnosis.
E. Aplastic anemia
E. Carcinoma
in situ
E. Aplastic
anaemia
E. Aplastic
anemia
167.
168.
169.
A. Nonspecific
An autopsy of a 76-year-old male, who smoked aortoarteritis
Hypertensive
for a long period of time, lived sedentary life and B.
smoker, hypodinamia, redundant weight;
disease
had redundant weight, revealed in the intima of
in the intima of aorta some grey-yellow
C.
Systemic lupus spots and stripes, fibrous plaques,
the aorta some grey-yellow spots and stripes,
fibrous plaques, calcified areas with haemorrhages
calcified areas with haemorrhages and
and calcinosis. What disease do these changes
calcinosis
erythematosus D.
indicate?
Visceral syphilis
E. Atherosclerosis
A. Capillar
hemangioma
B.
During surgery in a 17-year-old patient it was
revealed the tumour of 4,5–5,0 sm in size on the Hemangiopericytoma
C.
lower surface of the liver with subserose
dark-red color tumour; has cavities with
Hemangioendothelio blood
localization, of dark-red color. On the section
tumour has cavities with marked amount of blood. ma
D. Lymphangioma
What is preliminary diagnosis?
E. Cavernous
hemangioma
An autopsy of a 27-year-old male, who died
suddenly, revealed in the intima of the abdominal A. Atherocalcinosis
aorta some yellow foci in the form of spots and B. Liposclerosis
stripes, which did not rise above the surface of the C. Atheroma
intima but after staining with sudan III became
D. Prelipid
orange. What stage in the morphogenesis of
E. Lipoidosis
atherosclerosis was revealed?
E.
Atherosclerosi
s
E. Cavernous
hemangioma
in intima of aorta some yellow foci in the
form of spots and stripes; after staining E. Lipoidosis
with sudan III became orange
170.
171.
172.
A bronchoscopy of the mucous membrane of the
main bronchus revealed some tumour. A
A.
Squamous cell
microscopic examination of the tumour biopsy
carcinoma
lymphocyte-like cells with
showed that it consisted of lymphocyte-like cells B.
Adenocarcinoma
hyperchromatic nuclei; many pathological E. Small-cell
with hyperchromatic nuclei growing in the form C.
Adenoacanthoma
mitoses; growing in the form of layers or carcinoma
of layers or bands and involving the submucous D. Scirrhous carcinoma
bands and involving the submucous layer
layer. The tumour had many pathological mitoses. E. Small-cell
Which of the histological forms of carcinoma
carcinoma
listed below was the most probable?
A 75-year-old male was hospitalized complaining
of a sharp pain in the abdominal cavity, weakness, A. Coronary disease B.
filiform pulse. During an operation it was found Hypertensive disease paraaortic fat was imbibed with blood;
E.
that the paraaortic fat was imbibed with blood.
C. Cardiomyopathy
aorta had a sac-like protrusion, its wall
Atherosclerosi
The abdominal aorta had a sac-like protrusion, its D. Systemic vasculitis was thinned and had an area of rupture
s
wall was thinned and had an area of rupture. What E. Atherosclerosis
disease caused the complication?
At autopsy of a 38-year-old male, who died in a
car accident, revealed in his aorta some yellowgrey spots and stripes which did not rise above
A. Prelipid
the surface of the intima. Microscopically, the
B. Lipoidosis
lipids impregnated the intima and
E.
intima had an abundant deposition of proteins,
C. Atheromatosis
accumulated
Liposclerosis
plasma, fibrin, GAG, cholesterol, low-density
D. Atherocalcinosis
lipoproteins; the endothelium had foci of
E. Liposclerosis
affection. Name the stage of morphogenesis of
atherosclerosis.
173.
174.
175.
An autopsy of a 70-year-old male patient, who
died from cardiac failure, revealed deformed and A. Liposclerosis
narrowed coronary arteries. On section, the inner B. Atheromatosis
surface of the arteries was tuberous, the wall was C. Lipoidosis
whitish, fragile and stony in consistency. Which of D. Ulceration
the diagnoses listed below was the most probable? E. Atherocalcinosis
An autopsy of a 70-year-old male, who died of
cardiovascular insufficiency mill during his lifetime suffered from angina pectoris,
hypercholesterolaemia and obesity, revealed a
A. Prelipid
chronic venous plethora of the organs,
B. Lipoidosis
hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart with
C. Liposclerosis
microfocal cardiosclerosis, voluminous yellow
D. Atherocalcinosis
plaques in the intima of the aorta with finegrained
E. Atheromatosis
masses in their centre and these masses went deep
into the thickness of the wall. Which of the stages
of atherosclerosis listed below was the most
probable?
A 56-year-old male patient with elevated blood
A.
Cerebral
pressure (250/120 mm Hg) died from an
haematoma
impairment of his cerebral circulation. An autopsy
B.
Anaemic infarct
of the brain revealed a red focus in the thalamus,
of brain
2.5 cm in diameter, which sank on section.
C.
Mixed infarct
Microscopically, there was fibrinoid necrosis of
D.
Atheromatosis
the vascular walls and impregnation of the
E. Haemorrhagic
necrotized brain tissue with blood. Which of the
infarct of brain
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
deformed and narrowed coronary arteries; E.
inner surface was tuberous, the wall was Atherocalcino
whitish, fragile and stony in consistency sis
voluminous yellow plaques in the intima
of the aorta with fine-grained masses in E.
their centre and these masses went deep Atheromatosis
into the thickness of the wall
blood pressure (250/120 mm Hg); red
E.
focus in the thalamus; fibrinoid necrosis
Haemorrhagic
of vascular walls and impregnation of the
infarct of brain
necrotized brain tissue with blood
176.
177.
178.
179.
A. Nonspecific
An autopsy of a 76-year-old male, who smoked aortoarteritis
Hypertensive
for a long period of time, lived sedentary life and B.
smoker, hypodinamia, redundant weight;
disease
had redundant weight, revealed in the intima of
in the intima of aorta some grey-yellow
C.
Systemic lupus spots and stripes, fibrous plaques,
the aorta some grey-yellow spots and stripes,
fibrous plaques, calcified areas with haemorrhages
calcified areas with haemorrhages and
and calcinosis. What disease do these changes
calcinosis
erythematosus D.
indicate?
Visceral syphilis
E. Atherosclerosis
A 75-year-old male was hospitalized complaining
A. Coronary disease
of a sharp pain in the abdominal cavity, weakness,
B. Hypertensive
filiform pulse. During an operation it was found
paraaortic fat was imbibed with blood;
disease;
that the paraaortic fat was imbibed with blood.
aorta had a sac-like protrusion, its wall
C. Cardiomyopathy
The abdominal aorta had a sac-like protrusion, its
was thinned and had an area of rupture
D. Systemic vasculitis
wall was thinned and had an area of rupture. What
E. Atherosclerosis
disease caused the complication?
An autopsy of a 70-year-old male patient, who
died from cardiac failure, revealed deformed and A. Ulceration
narrowed coronary arteries. On section, the inner B. Liposclerosis;
deformed and narrowed coronary arteries;
surface of the arteries was tuberous, the wall was C. Atheromatosis
inner surface was tuberous, the wall was
whitish, fragile and stony in consistency. Which D. Lipoidosis
whitish, fragile and stony in consistency
of the diagnoses listed below was the most
E. Atherocalcinosis
probable?
A patient who has been abusing tobacco smoking
for a long time has got cough accompanied by
A. Hypoplasia
excretion of viscous mucus; weakness after minor
B. Hyperplasia
physical stress, pale skin. The patient has also lost
squamous cell carcinoma in (ciliary
C. Necrosis
12,0 kg of body weight. Endoscopic examination
epithelium was replaced)
D. Sclerosis
of biosy material his illness was diagnosed as
E. Metaplasia
squamous cell carcinoma. Name a pathological
process that preceded formation of the tumour:
E.
Atherosclerosi
s
E.
Atherosclerosi
s
E.
Atherocalcino
sis
E. Metaplasia
180.
181.
182.
An autopsy of a 70-year-old male, who died of
cardiovascular insufficiency mill during his lifetime suffered from angina pectoris,
hypercholesterolaemia and obesity, revealed a
chronic venous plethora of the organs,
hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart with
microfocal cardiosclerosis, voluminous yellow
plaques in the intima of the aorta with
finegrained masses in their centre and these
masses went deep into the thickness of the wall.
Which of the stages of atherosclerosis listed
below was the most probable?
A microscopic examination of a gastrobiopsy
from a tumour of the pyloroduodenal portion of
the stomach revealed layers of atypical epithelial
cells with a large number of mitoses; the tumour
architectonics is characterized by prevalence of
the parenchyma over the stroma. Which of the
histological forms of carcinoma listed below was
the most probable?
An autopsy of a 48-year-old male, who died in a
car accident, revealed in his aorta some yellowgrey spots and stripes which did not rise above
the surface of the intima. Microscopically, the
intima had an abundant deposition of proteins,
plasma, fibrin, GAG, cholesterol, low-density
lipoproteins; the endothelium had foci of
affection. Name the stage of morphogenesis of
atherosclerosis.
A. Prelipid
B. Lipoidosis
C. Liposclerosis
D. Atherocalcinosis
E. Atheromatosis
voluminous yellow plaques in the intima
of the aorta with fine-grained masses in E.
their centre and these masses went deep Atheromatosis
into the thickness of the wall
A.
Adenocarcinoma
B.
Solid carcinoma
C. Mucinous
carcinoma D. Smalllayers of atypical epithelial cells;
E. Medullary
cell carcinoma E.
parenchyma prevalence over the stroma carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma
A. Prelipid
B. Lipoidosis
C. Atheromatosis
D. Atherocalcinosis
E. Liposclerosis
some yellow- grey spots and stripes;
abundant deposition of proteins, plasma,
E.
fibrin, GAG, cholesterol, low-density
Liposclerosis
lipoproteins; the endothelium had foci of
affection.
183.
184.
185.
186.
A microscopic examination of the wall of an aorta
revealed a focal infiltration of the intima by lipids
and proteins. The lipids impregnated the intima
and accumulated in the muscle cells and
macrophages. Determine the stage of
atherosclerosis.
A. Prelipid;
B. Liposclerosis;
C. Atheromatosis;
D. Atherocalcinosis;
E. Lipoidosis
focal infiltration of the intima by lipids
and proteins; lipids impregnated the
intima and accumulated in the muscle
cells and macrophages
A. Nodular arteritis;
B. Arteriolosclerosis;
The patient, who has long suffered from
intermittent claudication; dry gangrene of
intermittent claudication, gangrene developed dry C. Arteriosclerosis
foot
foot. Add a disease that led to such complications. D. Coronary arteritis;
E. Atherosclerosis
A 56-year-old male patient with elevated blood
A.
Cerebral
pressure (250/120 mm Hg) died from an
haematoma
impairment of his cerebral circulation. An autopsy
blood pressure (250/120 mm Hg); red
B.
of the brain revealed a red focus in the thalamus,
C.
Anaemic infarct focus in the thalamus; fibrinoid necrosis
2.5 cm in diameter, which sank on section.
of brain
of vascular walls and impregnation of the
Microscopically, there was fibrinoid necrosis of
D.
Mixed infarct E. necrotized brain tissue with blood
the vascular walls and impregnation of the
Haemorrhagic infarct
necrotized brain tissue with blood. Which of the
of brain
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
An autopsy of a male, who suffered from arterial
A.
Transitory
hypertension during his lifetime, revealed oedema
ischaemia
of the brain substance, arterial walls at the base
B.
Haemorrhagic arterial hypertension; focus, 5 x 4 x 3 cm
were thickened, with white-yellowish plaques in
infarct
in size, representing a cavity filled with
the intima, the left hemisphere had a focus, 5 x 4 x
C.
Anaemic infarct liquid blood and its clots
3 cm in size, representing a cavity filled with
D.
Mixed infarct
liquid blood and its clots. Define the pathological
E.
Haematoma
process in the brain.
E. Lipoidosis
E.
Atherosclerosi
s
E.
Haemorrhagic
infarct of brain
E.
Haematoma
A.
Diapedesis
hemorrhage
B.
Abscess
hypertension; cavity whith rusty color
C.
Ischemic heart
walls
attack
D.
Plasmorrhage
E.
Hematoma
187.
At autopsy of the dead men, who suffered from
hypertension, in the brain revealed a cavity with
rusty color walls. What preceded these
phenomena?
188.
A. Hemorrhagic
infarction
complicated with dry
gangrene B. Ischemic
A 78-year-old patient suffering from
stroke complicated
atherosclerosis has been delivered to a surgical
ward with signs of acute abdomen. Laparoscopy with humid gangrene atherosclerosis; blackened and flaccid
C. Ischemic stroke
revealed blackened and flaccid small intestine
small intestine loops; demarcation line is
loops; demarcation line is not clear. Diagnose the complicated with dry not clear
gangrene
changes that occurred in the patient’s small
D.
intestine:
E.
Hemorrhagic
infarction complicated
with wet gangrene
189.
Autopsy of a 75-year-old patient who had been
suffering from disseminated atherosclerosis and
died under chronic cardiac failure revealed
constriction and deformation of coronary arteries,
tuberous intima whose section appeared to be
white and petrosal. Specify the stage of
atherosclerosis morphogenesis:
A. Atheromatosis
B. Lipoidosis
C. Bilipid
D. Liposclerosis
E. Atherocalcinosis
E. Hematoma
E.
Hemorrhagic
infarction
complicated
with wet
gangrene
atherosclerosis; constriction and
E.
deformation of coronary arteries, tuberous Atherocalcino
intima was white and petrosal
sis
190.
191.
192.
A 26-year-old male patient underwent surgical
removal of a tumour, 4 x 5 cm in size, which was
surrounded by a capsule and located in the white
matter of his brain. Microscopically, the tumour
consisted of the stellate and glia cells having
various size and located among the glial fibres.
Name the tumour.
A. Oligodendroglioma
tumour located in white matter of brain
B. Astroblastoma
surrounded by a capsule; consisted of the E.
C. Glioblastoma
stellate and glia cells having various size Astrocytoma
D. Ependymoma
and located among the glial fibres
E. Astrocytoma
A. Obliterating
endartheriitis
B. Nodular
Morphological examination of an amputated
gangrenous extremity revealed that the lumen of periarthritis C.
femoral artery was constricted due to stony, partly Obliterating
ulcerated plaques with obturating thrombi. What thromboangiitis
D. Non-specific
is the most likely diagnosis?
aortoartheriitis E.
Atherosclerosis
A. Lymph node
B.
Artery of elastic
Obliterating atherosclerosis causes changes in the
type
vessels of the lower extermities. A histological
C.
Vein with
specimen of such a vessel evidently presents both strongly developed
internal and external elastic membranes, middle muscles D. Artery of
membrane contains a lot of myocytes. What
mixed type
vessel is affected in case of this disease?
E. Artery of muscular
type
lumen of femoral artery was constricted E.
due to stony, partly ulcerated plaques with Atherosclerosi
obturating thrombi
s
E. Artery of
muscular type
atherosclerosis ; both internal and external
elastic membranes, middle membrane
contains a lot of myocytes
193.
194.
195.
A. Vacuole
dystrophy of
cardiomyocytes B.
Fat infiltration of
cardiomyocytes
A male patient developed substernal pains at 8
C.
Reduced
a.m., and at 9 a.m. myocardial infarction was
activity of
diagnosed by ECG data at the admission
dehydrogenases in
department. Ten minutes later the patient died.
fibroblasts
What most reliable sign of myocardial infarction
D. Relaxation of
will be found on histological examination?
myofibrils in
cardiomyocytes E.
Disappearance of
glycogen in
cardiomyocytes
On autopsy of a 68-year-old male, who died from A. Myocarditis
cardiac decompensation, the myocardium of the B. Microfocal
cardiosclerosis
anterior wall in left ventricle of his heart
contained an irregular grey focus, 5 x 4 cm in size,C. Infarction
D. Rheumatism
with a dense consistency, fibrous structure and
E. Postinfarction
clear borders. What pathological process in the
cardiosclerosis
myocardium did the pathologist reveal?
On autopsy of a 66-year-old male, who died from A. Microfocal
acute cardiac failure, an acute venous plethora of cardiosclerosis
B. Macrofocal
the internal organs was found. The cardiac
cardiosclerosis
cavities were dilated; a myocardial section
revealed some dim yellowish focus, 3.5 x 4 cm in C. Fatty
size, in the anterior wall of the left ventricle. The degeneration of
myocardium D.
coronary arteries had stenosing atheromatous
plaques. Which of the diagnoses listed below was Myocarditis E.
Myocardial
the most probable?
infarction
death from myocardial infarction;
duration from 8 to 9 a.m.
E.
Disappearance
of glycogen in
cardiomyocyt
es
an irregular grey focus, 5 x 4 cm in size,
with a dense consistency, fibrous
structure and clear borders
E.
Postinfarction
cardiosclerosi
s
acute cardiac failure; acute venous
plethora; cavities are dilated; dim
E. Myocardial
yellowish focus, 3.5 x 4 cm in size in wall
infarction
of ventricle; arteries had stenosing
atheromatous plaques
196.
197.
198.
A. Vacuole
dystrophy of
cardiomyocytes; B.
Fat infiltration of
A male patient developed substernal pains at 8
cardiomyocytes; C.
a.m., and at 9 a.m. myocardial infarction was
Relaxation of
myofibrils in
diagnosed by ECG data at the admission
death from myocardial infarction;
cardiomyocytes
department. Ten minutes later the patient died.
duration from 8 to 9 a.m.
What most reliable sign of myocardial infarction D. Reduced activity
of dehydrogenases in
will be found on histological examination?
fibroblasts;
E.
Disappearance
of glycogen in
cardiomyocytes;
On autopsy of a 68-year-old male, who died from A. Myocarditis;
cardiac decompensation, the myocardium of the B. Microfocal
cardiosclerosis;
anterior wall in left ventricle of his heart
contained an irregular grey focus, 5 x 4 cm in size, C. Infarction; D.
Rheumatism. E.
with a dense consistency, fibrous structure and
Postinfarction
clear borders. What pathological process in the
cardiosclerosis
myocardium did the pathologist reveal?
On autopsy of a 66-year-old male, who died from A. Myocarditis
acute cardiac failure, an acute venous plethora of B. Microfocal
cardiosclerosis
the internal organs was found. The cardiac
C. Macrofocal
cavities were dilated; a myocardial section
revealed some dim yellowish focus, 3.5 x 4 cm in cardiosclerosis
size, in the anterior wall of the left ventricle. The D. Fatty
degeneration of
coronary arteries had stenosing atheromatous
plaques. Which of the diagnoses listed below was myocardium E.
Myocardial
the most probable?
infarction
an irregular grey focus, 5 x 4 cm in size,
with a dense consistency, fibrous
structure and clear borders
E.
Disappearance
of glycogen in
cardiomyocyt
es
E.
Postinfarction
cardiosclerosi
s
acute cardiac failure; acute venous
plethora; cavities are dilated; dim
E. Myocardial
yellowish focus, 3.5 x 4 cm in size in wall
infarction
of ventricle; arteries had stenosing
atheromatous plaques
199.
A 45-year-old male underwent surgical removal
of a tumour, 4 x 3 cm in size, from the lateral
ventricle of his brain; the tumour surface had
small papillae, and it was connected with a
vascular plexus. Microscopically, the tumour
consisted of villus-like vegetations covered with
epithelial cells of the cubical and columnar shape
and the monomorphous kind. Which of the
tumours listed below was the most probable?
tumour in brain ventricle; small papillae
A. Ependymoma
were connected with a vascular plexus;
B. Ependymoblastoma
villus-like vegetations covered with
C. Choriocarcinoma
epithelial cells of the cubical and
D. Glioblastoma
columnar shape and the monomorphous
E. Choriopapilloma
kind
200.
A 3-month-old girl is being evaluated for feeding
difficulty and failure to thrive. Physical
examination finds pallor, peripheral cyanosis,
tachypnea, and fine expiratory wheezing. Chest xray shows cardiac enlargement. She is admitted to
the hospital, quickly develops severe cardiac
failure, and dies 3 days after admission. At the
time of autopsy the endocardium is found to have
a “cream cheese” gross appearance. Histologic
sections from this area reveal thickening of the
endocardium due to a proliferation of fibrous and
elastic tissue. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis?
A. Dilated
cardiomyopathy; B.
Hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy; C.
Infective
endocarditis;
D. Libman-Sachs
endocarditis; E.
Restrictive
cardiomyopathy
E.
Choriopapillo
ma
quickly develops severe cardiac failure;
E. Restrictive
endocardium is similar a “cream cheese”;
cardiomyopat
thickening of the endocardium due to a
hy
proliferation of fibrous and elastic tissue
201.
A. Acute
inflammation of the
pericardium due to an
autoimmune reaction
B. Acute mitral
regurgitation due to
rupture of a papillary
A 49-year-old man 7 days after being admitted to muscle
the hospital for an inferior wall, transmural
C. Acute suppurative
myocardial infarction suddenly becomes short of inflammation of the
breath. Physical examination reveals hypotension, pericardium due to
transmural myocardial infarction;
elevated jugular venous pressure, and muffled
bacterial infection D. hypotension with elevated jugular venous
heart sounds. His systemic blood pressure drops Serous fluid
pressure; muffled heart sounds
13 mmHg with inspiration. Which one of the
accumulation in the
following pathologic processes produced these
pericardial cavity due
clinical findings?
to congestive heart
failure
E. Blood
accumulation in the
pericardial cavity due
to rupture of the
ventricular wall
E. Blood
accumulation
in the
pericardial
cavity due to
rupture of the
ventricular
wall
202.
A. Hemorrhagic
infarction
complicated with dry
gangrene B. Ischemic
A 78-year-old patient suffering from
stroke complicated
atherosclerosis has been delivered to a surgical
ward with signs of acute abdomen. Laparoscopy with humid gangrene atherosclerosis; blackened and flaccid
C. Ischemic stroke
revealed blackened and flaccid small intestine
small intestine loops; demarcation line is
loops; demarcation line is not clear. Diagnose the complicated with dry not clear
gangrene
changes that occurred in the patient’s small
D.
intestine:
E.
Hemorrhagic
infarction complicated
with wet gangrene
E.
Hemorrhagic
infarction
complicated
with wet
gangrene
203.
A.
Ischemic
myocardial
A 65-year-old patient had been treated for 3 days
degeneration
in a resuscitation unit for a cardiac pathology.
B.
Acute
Suddenly he developed ventricular fibrillation that
myocarditis C.
became the immediate cause of death of this
Diffuse
patient. Microscopy of the left ventricular
cardiosclerosis D.
myocard revealed a large focus of cardiomyocyte
Postinfarction
karyolysis demarcated by the zone of hyperaemia.
cardiosclerosis
What cardiac pathology was the cause of death?
E. Acute myocardial
infarction
E. Acute
myocardial
infarction
large focus of cardiomyocyte karyolysis
demarcated by the zone of hyperaemia
204.
A. Haemorrhagic
pericarditis B.
Shortly before death a patient got an
Exudative
electrocardiographically based diagnosis of acute
pericarditis C.
myocardial infarction. Autopsy revealed that the
Idiopathic
myocardial cavity contained 200 ml of liquid
myocarditis
blood and 400 g of clots; the posterior wall of the
D.
Stone heart
left ventricle had a perforation up to 2 cm long.
E.
Myocardial
What complication of myocardial infraction is it?
rupture with cardiac
tamponade
acute myocardial infarction; wall of
ventricle had a perforation up to 2 cm
long
205.
A. Tiger heart B.
Postinfarction
Examination of coronary arteries revealed
cardiosclerosis
atherosclerotic plaques with calcification that
C. Myocarditis
close tle lumen by 1/3. The muscle contains
D. Myocardium
multiple small whitish layers of connective tissue.
infarction E.
What process was revealed in myocardium?
Diffuse
cardiosclerosis
atherosclerotic plaques with calcification
E. Diffuse
that close tle lumen by 1/3; multiple small
cardiosclerosi
whitish layers of connective tissue in
s
miocardium
206.
Examination of a patient who had been suffering
from rheumatism for a long time revealed stenosis
of mitral orifice, death was caused by cardiac and
pulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy has shown
brown induration of lungs. What type of
circulation disturbance provokes such changes in
lungs?
A. Chronic right
ventricular
insufficiency B.
Acute left
ventricular
insufficiency C.
rheumatism; stenosis of mitral orifice;
Acute right
brown induration of lungs
ventricular
insufficiency
D. Portal hypertension
E. Chronic left
ventricular
insufficiency
E. Myocardial
rupture with
cardiac
tamponade
E. Chronic left
ventricular
insufficiency
207.
A.
Dysfunctional.
B.
From pressure
In the dead woman, 86 years old, suffering from C.
From the effects
atherosclerosis of the vessels of the brain, an
of physical and
atherosclerosis of brain vessels; atrophy
atrophy of the cerebral cortex was revealed at the chemical factors.
of the cerebral cortex
D.
Neurotic.
intersection. What is the name of this atrophy
E.
From
relative to the cause?
insufficient blood
supply
208.
In the deceased from chronic cardiovascular
insufficiency a "tiger's heart" was discovered on
the autopsy. On the part of the endocardium there
is a yellowish-white striation; myocardium dull,
clay-yellow. What process led to this pathology?
209.
An encapsulated tumour, 2 cm in diameter,
surgically removed from an amputation stump of
a lower extremity, microscopically consists of
spindle cells of the monomorphous kind with rodshaped nuclei which form "fence-like" structures
together with fibres. Which of the tumours listed
below is the most probable?
A. Amyloidosis B.
Carbohydrate
dystrophy
C. C
.Hyalinovodroplet
dystrophy D. Fatty
vascularstromal
dystrophy E. Fatty
parenchymal
dystrophy
A. Neurofibroma
B. Malignant
neurilemmoma C.
Soft fibroma
D. Fibrosarcoma E.
Benign
neurilemmoma
E. From
insufficient
blood supply
"tiger's heart"; endocardium there is a E. Fatty
yellowish-white striation; myocardium
parenchymal
dull, clay-yellow
dystrophy
encapsulated tumour from amputation
stump; spindle cells of monomorphous
E. Benign
kind with rod- shaped nuclei which form neurilemmom
"fence-like" structures together with
a
fibres
210.
A.
Abscess
Wet gangrene
At the autopsy of the deceased, thrombosis of the B.
C. Coagulative
left middle cerebral artery and a large center of
necrosis
softening of the tissue of the left hemisphere of
the brain were found. What pathological process D. Sequestration E.
Ischemic heart
has developed in the brain?
attack
211.
At the autopsy of a 60-year-old man, an irregular
gray, irregularly shaped, dense focus of 5x4 sm
with clear boundaries of a fibrous structure was
found in the myocardium of the anterior wall of
the left ventricle. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
212.
213.
thrombosis of artery; large center of
softening of tissue
A.
Diffuse
myocardiosclerosis
B.
Myocarditis
gray dense focus of 5x4 sm with clear
C.
Infarction
boundaries of a fibrous structure
D.
Cardiomyopathy
E. Postinfarction
myocardiosclerosis
E. Ischemic
heart attack
E.
Postinfarction
myocardioscle
rosis
A.
Collapse
B.
A 60-year-old patient developed a large-focal
E. Acute
C.
Acute right-side
myocardial infarction, complicated by pulmonary
large-focal myocardial infarction leads to leftside
ventricular failure D.
edema. What cardiohemodynamic disorders
pulmonary edema
ventricular
Cardiogenic shock E.
contributed to pulmonary edema?
failure
Acute left-side
ventricular failure
A 67-year-old patient with a long history of
A. Myocardial
atherosclerosis and a previous myocardial
degeneration B.
infarction developed an attack of retrosternal pain.
Myocardial
3 days later the patient was hospitalized and then
ischemia
atherosclerosis in anamnesis; white
E. Focal
died of progressive cardiovascular insufficiency.
C.
Myocardial
fibrous depressed area about 3 cm with
cardiosclerosi
During autopsy a white fibrous depressed area
infarction
clear margins in wall of heart
s
about 3 cm in diameter with clear margins was
D.
Myocarditis
found within the area of posterior wall of the left
E. Focal
ventricle and interventricular septum. The
cardiosclerosis
dissector considered these changes to be:
A.
Cardiomyopathy
B.
Cardiosclerosis
pulmonary edema; large yellow-grey
C.
Myocarditis
nidus in myocardium; fresh thrombus in
D.
Amyloidosis E.
artery
Myocardial infarction
214.
Autopsy of the dead patient who died from
pulmonary edema revealed a large yellow-grey
nidus in the myocardium, and a fresh thrombus in
the coronary artery. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
215.
A. Thrombosis of
tomentum cerebri B.
Thrombosis of the
right anterior cerebral
Autopsy of a 75-year-old man with a long history artery
C. Thrombosis of the
of atherosclerosis revealed a grey irregularright posterior
shaped focus of loose consistency in the right
parietotemporal region of brain. What is the most cerebral artery D.
Thrombosis of basilar
likely cause of this process?
artery
E. Thrombosis of the
right medial cerebral
artery
atherosclerosis in anamnesis; grey
irregular shaped focus of loose
consistency in right parietotemporal
region
E. Thrombosis
of the right
medial
cerebral artery
216.
In man of 60 years old, who had hypertension for
a long time and died of chronic renal failure at
autopsy was revealed: both kidneys are greatly
reduced in size, the surface is fine-grained;
histologically - the majority of glomerulars is
hialinised and sclerosed, some glomerulars are hyperplastic; areas of sclerosis are detected in
stroma, arteriolosclerosis and atherosclerosis,
elastofibrosis of large branches of renal artery.
Name identified changes of kidneys.
hypertension in anamnesis; chronic renal
failure; kidneys are greatly reduced;
surface is fine-grained; glomerulus is
hialinised and sclerosed; areas of
sclerosis in stroma
E.
Arterioloscler
otic
nephrosclerosi
s
A.
Arteriosclerotic
kidney
B.
Atherosclerotic
nephrosclerosis C.
Chronic
glomerulonephritis D.
Chronic pyelonephritis
E. Arteriolosclerotic
nephrosclerosis
E. Myocardial
infarction
217.
218.
219.
220.
An autopsy of a male patient, who died from
A.
Atherosclerosis
heart failure, revealed an enlarged heart weighing
B.
Rheumatism
550 g, fibrinous pericarditis, as well as contracted
C.
Pericarditis
dense kidneys weighing 50 g each and having a
D.
Cardiomyopathy
fine-grained surface. Microscopically, the kidneys
E. Hypertensive
were characterized by an expressed hyalinosis of
disease
arterioles and glomeruli. Name the basic disease.
heart failure; enlarged heart; contracted
E.
dense kidneys with fine-grained surface;
Hypertensive
expressed hyalinosis of arterioles and
disease
glomeruli
A microscopic examination of a biopsy from a
deformed mucous membrane of a lobar bronchus A.
Squamous cell
of a 45-year-old male, who smoked for many
carcinoma
years, revealed a carcinoma consisting of atypical B.
Adenocarcinoma
carcinoma; not spread to the basal
epithelial cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and
C.
Solid carcinoma
membrane
numerous pathological mitoses. The growth of the D. Small-cell
tumour did not spread to the basal membrane of carcinoma
the epithelium. Name the histological form of
E. Carcinoma in situ
carcinoma.
A.
Large, motley
B.
Large, red
A 67-year-old male patient was suffering from
C.
Large, white,
hypertensive disease during 20 years. He died
hypertensive disease; chronic renal
dense D. Small, dense,
from chronic renal insufficiency. What
insufficiency
macrotuberous
appearance did his kidneys have on autopsy?
E. Small, dense, with a
fine-grained surface
A.
Stenosing
atherosclerosis
Against a background of hypertensive crisis, a
Hyperelastosis
male patient with hypertensive disease developed B.
hypertensive crisis; hypertensive disease;
acute renal insufficiency which caused his death. C.
Hyalinosis
acute renal insufficiency
What morphological changes in the renal arteioles D.
Sclerosis
E.
Fibrinoid
were the most probable?
necrosis
E. Carcinoma
in situ
E. Small,
dense, with a
fine-grained
surface
E. Fibrinoid
necrosis
221.
222.
223.
224.
A 56-year-old male patient with elevated blood
A.
Cerebral
pressure (250/120 mm Hg) died from an
haematoma
impairment of his cerebral circulation. An autopsy
B.
Anaemic infarct
of the brain revealed a red focus in the thalamus,
of brain
2.5 cm in diameter, which sank on section.
C.
Mixed infarct
Microscopically, there was fibrinoid necrosis of
D.
Atheromatosis
the vascular walls and impregnation of the
E. Haemorrhagic
necrotized brain tissue with blood. Which of the
infarct of brain
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
blood pressure (250/120 mm Hg); red
E.
focus in the thalamus; fibrinoid necrosis
Haemorrhagic
of vascular walls and impregnation of the
infarct of brain
necrotized brain tissue with blood
An autopsy of a male, who suffered from arterial
A.
Transitory
hypertension during his lifetime, revealed oedema
ischaemia
of the brain substance, arterial walls at the base
B.
Haemorrhagic arterial hypertension; focus, 5 x 4 x 3 cm
were thickened, with white-yellowish plaques in
infarct
in size, representing a cavity filled with
the intima, the left hemisphere had a focus, 5 x 4
C.
Anaemic infarct liquid blood and its clots
x 3 cm in size, representing a cavity filled with
D.
Mixed infarct
liquid blood and its clots. Define the pathological
E.
Haematoma
process in the brain.
An autopsy of a male patient, who died from heart
A.
Atherosclerosis
failure, revealed an enlarged heart weighing 550
heart failure; enlarged heart; contracted
B.
Rheumatism
g, fibrinous pericarditis, as well as contracted
dense kidneys with fine-grained surface;
C.
Pericarditis
dense kidneys weighing 50 g each and having a
D.
Cardiomyopathy; expressed hyalinosis of arterioles and
fine-grained surface. Microscopically, the kidneys
E. Hypertensive
glomeruli
were characterized by an expressed hyalinosis of
disease
arterioles and glomeruli. Name the basic disease.
A.
Large, motley
B.
Large, red;
A 67-year-old male patient was suffering from
C.
Large, white,
hypertensive disease during 20 years. He died
hypertensive disease; chronic renal
dense D. Small, dense,
from chronic renal insufficiency. What
insufficiency
macrotuberous
appearance did his kidneys have on autopsy?
E. Small, dense, with a
fine-grained surface
E.
Haematoma
E.
Hypertensive
disease
E. Small,
dense, with a
fine-grained
surface
225.
226.
227.
A 56-year-old male patient with elevated blood
A.
Cerebral
pressure (250/120 mm Hg) died from an
haematoma
impairment of his cerebral circulation. An autopsy
B.
of the brain revealed a red focus in the thalamus,
C.
Anaemic infarct
2.5 cm in diameter, which sank on section.
of brain
Microscopically, there was fibrinoid necrosis of
D.
Mixed infarct E.
the vascular walls and impregnation of the
Haemorrhagic infarct
necrotized brain tissue with blood. Which of the
of brain
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
An autopsy of a male, who suffered from arterial
A.
Transitory
hypertension during his lifetime, revealed oedema
ischaemia
of the brain substance, arterial walls at the base
B.
Haemorrhagic
were thickened, with white-yellowish plaques in
infarct
the intima, the left hemisphere had a focus, 5 x 4
C.
Anaemic infarct
x 3 cm in size, representing a cavity filled with
D.
Mixed infarct
liquid blood and its clots. Define the pathological
E.
Haematoma
process in the brain.
A.
Amyloidwrinkled
B.
Atrophic C.
In the dead from complications of hypertension,
Secondary
during the section detected small, dense kidneys
wrinkled
with grainy surface, atrophied parenchyma and
D.
Pyelonephrotic
cortical tissue. Define such kidneys.
wrinkled
E.
Primary
wrinkled
blood pressure (250/120 mm Hg); red
E.
focus in the thalamus; fibrinoid necrosis
Haemorrhagic
of vascular walls and impregnation of the
infarct of brain
necrotized brain tissue with blood
arterial hypertension; focus, 5 x 4 x 3 cm
E.
in size, representing a cavity filled with
Haematoma
liquid blood and its clots
hypertension; small, dense kidneys with
E. Primary
grainy surface, atrophied parenchyma and
wrinkled
cortical tissue
228.
229.
230.
231.
An autopsy of a male patient, who died from heart
failure, revealed an enlarged heart weighing 550 A. Atherosclerosis
heart failure; enlarged heart; contracted
g, fibrinous pericarditis, as well as contracted
B. Rheumatism
dense kidneys with fine-grained surface; E.
dense kidneys weighing 50 g each and having a C. Pericarditis
expressed hyalinosis of arterioles and
Hypertension
fine-grained surface. Microscopically, the kidneys D. Cardiomyopathy
glomeruli
were characterized by an expressed hyalinosis of E. Hypertension
arterioles and glomeruli. Name the basic disease.
A bronchoscopy of the mucous membrane of the
main bronchus revealed some tumour. A
A.
Squamous cell
microscopic examination of the tumour biopsy
carcinoma
lymphocyte-like cells with
showed that it consisted of lymphocyte-like cells B.
Adenocarcinoma
hyperchromatic nuclei; many pathological E. Small-cell
with hyperchromatic nuclei growing in the form C.
Adenoacanthoma
mitoses; growing in the form of layers or carcinoma
of layers or bands and involving the submucous D. Scirrhous carcinoma
bands and involving the submucous layer
layer. The tumour had many pathological mitoses. E. Small-cell
Which of the histological forms of carcinoma
carcinoma
listed below was the most probable?
A.
Diapedesis
hemorrhage
At autopsy of the dead men, who suffered from
B.
Abscess
hypertension, in the brain revealed a cavity whith
C.
Ischemic heart
rusty color walls. What preceded these
attack
phenomena?
D.
Plasmorrhage
E.
Hematoma
A.
Constrictive
atherosclerosis
In a patient with hypertension disease, in the
B.
Hyperelastosis
context of a hypertensive crisis, acute renal
Sclerosis
failure, from which he died, developed. What are C.
Hyalinosis
the most likely morphological changes in kidney D.
E.
Fibrinoid
arterioles?
necrosis
hypertension; cavity whith rusty color
walls
E. Hematoma
hypertension disease; hypertensive crisis, E. Fibrinoid
acute renal failure
necrosis
232.
At the autopsy of the deceased who suffered from
hypertension, a cavity of round shape of 4 x 5 cm
with a rusty wall, filled with a yellowish
transparent liquid, was found in the left
hemisphere of the brain. What is the pathology
that has developed in the brain of the patient?
A. Hematoma B.
Hemorrhagic
leakage
C. Ischemic heart
attack D.
Abscess
E. Cyst
cavity filled with a yellowish transparent
E. Cyst
liquid
233.
Autopsy has revealed shrunken kidneys weighing
50 mg, with finegrained surface and uniformly
thinned substance. Microscopic investigation has
shown the thickening of arteriole walls due to
accumulation of homogeneous anhistic
pinkcolored masses in them. Glomerules were
undersized, sclerotic, with atrophied tubules.
What disease are these changes characteristic of?
A.
Membranous
nephropathy
B.
Pyelonephritis
with kidney shrinkage
C.
Renal
amyloidosis D. Acute
glomerulonephritis E.
Essential
hypertension
shrunken kidneys with finegrained surface
and uniformly thinned substance;
thickening of arteriole walls with
E. Essential
homogeneous anhistic pink-colored
hypertension
masses; glomerules undersized, sclerotic,
with atrophied tubules
234.
A.
A cyst on the
site of the softening of
the cerebrocortical
grey matter
At autopsy the occipital lobe of brain was found to
B.
Softening of the
E. Cyst on the
have a cavity 2,5x1,5 cm large filled with a
cerebrocortical grey cavity with a transparent liquid and smooth
site of a
transparent liquid. The cavity had smooth
matter
brownish walls
hemorrhage
brownish walls. What process had developed in
C.
Brain abscess
the brain?
D.
Paracephalia
E.
Cyst on the site
of a
hemorrhage
235.
236.
237.
238.
An autopsy of a male patient, who died from heart
failure, revealed an enlarged heart weighing 550
g, fibrinous pericarditis, as well as contracted
dense kidneys weighing 50 g each and having a
fine-grained surface. Microscopically, the kidneys
were characterized by an expressed hyalinosis of
arteioles and glomeruli. Name the basic disease.
A.
Pericarditis
heart failure; enlarged heart; contracted
B.
Rheumatism
E.
C.
Atherosclerosis dense kidneys with fine-grained surface;
Hypertensive
D.
Cardiomyopathy expressed hyalinosis of arterioles and
disease
E. Hypertensive
glomeruli
disease
A.
Large, motley
B.
Large, red
A 67-year-old male patient was suffering from
C.
Large, white,
hypertensive disease during 20 years. He died
hypertensive disease; chronic renal
dense D. Small, dense,
from chronic renal insufficiency. What appearance
insufficiency
macrotuberous
did his kidneys have on autopsy?
E. Small, dense, with a
fine-grained surface
A.
Sclerosis
Against a background of hypertensive crisis, a
B.
Hyperelastosis
male patient with hypertensive disease developed
C. Stenosing
hypertensive crisis; hypertensive disease;
acute renal insufficiency which caused his death.
atherosclerosis
acute renal insufficiency
What morphological changes in the renal arteioles
D. Hyalinosis
were the most probable?
E. Fibrinoid necrosis
A microscopic examination of a gastrobiopsy
from a tumour of the pyloroduodenal portion of
the stomach revealed layers of atypical epithelial
cells with a large number of mitoses; the tumour
architectonics is characterized by prevalence of
the parenchyma over the stroma. Which of the
histological forms of carcinoma listed below was
the most probable?
E. Small,
dense, with a
fine-grained
surface
E. Fibrinoid
necrosis
A.
Adenocarcinoma
B.
Solid carcinoma
C. Mucinous
carcinoma D. Smalllayers of atypical epithelial cells;
E. Medullary
cell carcinoma E.
parenchyma prevalence over the stroma carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma
239.
240.
241.
A 52-year-old male patient with elevated blood
pressure (250/120 mm Hg) died from an
impairment of his cerebral circulation. An
autopsy of the brain revealed a red focus in the
thalamus, 2.5 cm in diameter, which sank on
section. Microscopically, there was fibrinoid
necrosis of the vascular walls and impregnation
of the necrotized brain tissue with blood. Which
of the diagnoses listed below was the most
probable?
An autopsy of a male, who suffered from arterial
hypertension during his life-time, revealed
oedema of the brain substance, arterial walls at
the base were thickened, with white-yellowish
plaques in the intima, the left hemisphere had a
focus, 5 x 4 x 3 cm in size, representing a cavity
filled with liquid blood and its clots. Define the
pathological process in the brain.
A. Mixed infarct B.
Cerebral haematoma
blood pressure (250/120 mm Hg); red
C.
Anaemic infarct of
focus in the thalamus; fibrinoid necrosis
brain
of vascular walls and impregnation of
D.
the necrotized brain tissue with blood
E.
Haemorrhagic
infarct of brain
A. Mixed infarct B.
Haemorrhagic infarct
C. Anaemic infarct
D. Transitory
ischaemia E.
Haematoma
At autopsy the diminished kidneys with weight
of 50.0 have been found out, the surface has
A. Acute necrotic
been closed-grained, cortex has been uniformly nephrosis B. Chronic
thinned. At microscopic examination a wall of glomerulonephritis C.
arterioles has been considerably thickened
Amyloidosis of
because of deposition of homogeneous
kidney
unstructured pink colored masses, the lumen has D. Pyelonephritis with
sharply narrowed down, the glomeruli have been shrinkage of kidneys E.
reduced, with sclerosis and atrophy of tubules. Hypertensive
What disease the described changes are typical disease
for?
E.
Haemorrhagic
infarct of
brain
arterial hypertension; focus, 5 x 4 x 3 cm
E.
in size, representing a cavity filled with
Haematoma
liquid blood and its clots
diminished kidneys with close-grained
surface; thinned cortex; arterioles
thickened with homogeneous
unstructured pink colored masses;
glomeruli reduced, with sclerosis and
atrophy of tubules
E.
Hypertensive
disease
242.
243.
244.
The patient, aged 74, with the history of
hypertensive syndrome, lost consciousness
suddenly and died of increasing disturbance of A. Chronic bronchitis B.
respiration and heart activity. The autopsy has Ischemic heart disease
demonstrated a dark-red focus in the trunk of the C.
Glomerulonephritis
brain measuring 2x1x5 cm. The weight of the
D. Atherosclerosis E.
heart is 550 g. the thickness of left ventricle wall Hypertensive
is 2,5 cm. The vessels of the brain base are
disease
considerably thickened, whitish-yellow, the
lumen is narrowed. What is the diagnosis?
An autopsy of a female revealed morphological
manifestations of chronic heart failure in the
right ventricle, stenosis of the left
atrioventricular aperture, insufficiency of the
A. Scleroderma
mitral valve.
B.
Dermatomyositis
Histologically, a connective-tissue
C.
Polyarteritis
disorganization in the form of some mucoid and nodosaD. Systemic lupus
fibrinoid swelling was found with presence of erythematosus E.
blooming Aschoff s bodies against a background Rheumatism
of focal cardiosclerosis in the myocardium.
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the
most probable?
A histological examination of the cusps of the
mitral valve in the heart of a female, who died
from cardiac decompensation, revealed a focal
desquamation of endotheliocytes with
superimposed thrombotic masses in these areas.
The connective tissue of the valve cusp had signs
of disorganization, areas of sclerosis and
angiomatosis. Diagnose the kind of valvular
endocarditis.
A.
Diffuse
B.
Acute
vegetative
C.
Loffler's
D.
Polypousulcerous E. Recurrent
vegetative
hypertension in anamnesis; dark-red
focus in brain; heart hypertrophy;
vessels thickened, whitish-yellow, the
lumen is narrowed
E.
Hypertensive
disease
heart failure; stenosis of left
atrioventricular aperture, insufficiency of
the mitral valve; connective-tissue
E.
disorganization; mucoid and fibrinoid
Rheumatism
swelling; blooming Aschoff's bodies;
cardiosclerosis
mitral valve; focal desquamation of
endotheliocytes; superimposed
E. Recurrent
thrombotic masses in these areas;
vegetative
connective tissue disorganization, areas of
sclerosis and angiomatosis on valve
245.
246.
247.
An autopsy of a 7-year-old child, who died from
progressing heart failure, revealed 200 ml of some
semitransparent fluid in the pericardial cavity, the
surface of the epicardium had greyish filamentous
superpositions. Name the kind of pericarditis.
Two weeks after angina, a 14-year-old child
developed pains in the heart, cyanosis, dyspnoea,
oedemata of his lower extremities. The death was
caused by cardiac arrest. On autopsy, the heart
was enlarged, its cavities were dilated, the
myocardium was flaccid. A microscopic
examination revealed an acute oedema and
plethora of the interstice, an expressed infiltration
by lymphocytes, histiocytes, neutrophils and
eosinophils, foci of dystrophy of cardiomyocytes.
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most
probable?
On supersonic examination of a 48-year-old male
patient, a hepatic neoplasm was diagnosed and a
puncture biopsy was made. Microscopically, the
tumour consisted of atypical hepatocytes which
formed trabeculae, acini or tubules. The tumour
stroma was poor and had thin-walled blood
vessels. Which of the kinds of tumours listed
below was the most probable?
A. Serous
B. Purulent
C. Fibroplastic
D. E. Fibrinous
progressing heart failure; epicardium with
E. Fibrinous
greyish filamentous superpositions
A.
Ischaemic
dystrophy of
myocardium
B.
Nodular
angina in anamnesis; pains in heart,
productive myocarditis cyanosis, dyspnoea, oedemata of his
C.
Focal interstitial lower extremities; heart enlarged; cavities
exudative myocarditis dilated; myocardium flaccid; acute
D.
Idiopathic
oedema and plethora of the interstice;
myocarditis
lympho-histiocytic infiltration
E.
Diffuse
interstitial exudative
myocarditis
E. Diffuse
interstitial
exudative
myocarditis
A.
Hepatocellular
adenoma
B.
Metastasis of
adenocarcinoma C.
atypical hepatocytes which formed
Cholangiocellular
trabeculae, acini or tubules; stroma is
carcinoma
poor and had thin-walled blood vessels
D. Solid carcinoma E.
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
E.
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
248.
249.
A room for dissections received the body of a
56year-old male who was ill with rheumatism
A.
Diffuse
during
isolated
8 years and died from cardiovascular
myocarditis
insufficiency. An autopsy revealed the rheumatic B.
Focal
defect of the heart -mitral incompetence. A
isolated
histological examination revealed oedema of the myocarditis C.
interstice, its diffuse infiltration by lymphocytes, Acute serous
myocarditis
histiocytes, neutrophilic and eosinophilic
leukocytes, as well as parenchymatous protein and D. Acute purulent
fatty degeneration of the cardiomyocytes. The left myocarditis E.
atrial auricle had foci of fibrinoid necrosis
Productive
surrounded by large macrophages which were
granulomatous
located in the form of a veil. Which of the
myocarditis
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
A.
Rheumatic
exudative
myocarditis
Cardiac
During autopsy of the body of a patient, who had B.
died due to heart failure, the following has been infarction C.
Systemic lupus
detected: myogenic dilatation of the heart left
ventricle, microfocal cardi- osclerosis, vasculitis, erythematosus D.
Aschoff bodies with disorganization of connective Myocardial ischemic
tissue, myocardosis. Make the diagnosis:
dystrophy E.
Rheumatic
productive
myocarditis
rheumatism in anamnesis; rheumatic
defect, mitral incompetence; interstitial
oedema; lympho-histiocytic infiltration;
parenchymatous degeneration; foci of
fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by large
macrophages located in form of a veil
E. Productive
granulomatou
s myocarditis
microfocal cardi- osclerosis, Aschoff
E. Rheumatic
bodies with disorganization of connective productive
tissue
myocarditis
250.
251.
252.
A patient has hoarseness of voice. During
laryngoscopy a gray-white larynx tumor with
papillary surface has been detected.Microscopic
investigation has shown the following: growth of
connective tissue covered with multilayer,
strongly kerati-nized pavement epithelium, no
cellular atypia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Postmortem examination of a patient with a long
history of rheumatism revealed thickening and
shortening of the mitral valve leaflets with
abundant thrombotic deposits. Histological
examnation of the valve leaflets confirmed
sclerosis and revealed multiple foci of connective
tissue disorganization in form of mucoid and
fibrinoid swelling, as well as deendothelization
foci. Endothelium defects were covered with
thrombotic deposits of 1-2 mm. What type of
valvular endocarditis is the case?
Examination of a patient who had been suffering
from rheumatism for a long time revealed stenosis
of mitral orifice, death was caused by cardiac and
pulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy has shown
brown induration of lungs. What type of
circulation disturbance provokes such changes in
lungs?
A. Fibroma
B. Polyp
C. Angioma
D. Angiofibroma
E. Papilloma
papillary tumor; connective tissue
covered with multilayer, strongly E. Papilloma
keratinized epithelium, no cellular atypia
A. Acute verrucous
endocarditis B.
mitral valve deformation with abundant
Fibroplastic
thrombotic deposits; sclerosis and
endocarditis
E. Recurrent
multiple foci of connective tissue
C. Diffuse valvulitis
verrucous
disorganization in form of mucoid and
D. Polypousendocarditis
fibrinoid swelling; deendothelization foci
ulcerative endocarditis
with thrombotic deposits
E. Recurrent verrucous
endocarditis
A. Chronic right
ventricular
insufficiency B.
Acute left
ventricular
insufficiency C.
Acute right
ventricular
insufficiency
D. Portal hypertension
E. Chronic left
ventricular
insufficiency
rheumatism in anamnesis; stenosis of
mitral orifice, death from cardiac and
pulmonary insufficiency; brown
induration of lungs
E. Chronic left
ventricular
insufficiency
253.
A. Chronic
At the autopsy of a 65-year-old patient who died emphysema B.
of chronic heart failure due to rheumatic defects Muscat lungs
Cell Lungs
of the heart of a lung of brown color, enlarged in C.
Chronic
size, compacted. What are the following changes D.
bronchitis E. Brown
in lungs?
induration of lungs
A.
Amyloidosis
B.
Fibrinoid
necrosis
C.
Fibrinoid
swelling D.
Dystrophic
calcification E.
Hyalinosis
rheumatism; thickened, deformed valves
with cartilage-like consistency and a
E. Hyalinosis
brilliant surface
255.
Autopsy of a 28-year-old patient, who had been
suffering from rheumatism and died of heart
failure, revealed pancarditis. Histological
investigation of myocardium of the left ventricle
posterior wall and interventricular septum
detected perivascular cellular focal infiltrates
composed of macrophages and creating palisade
structures surrounding areas of fibrinoid necrosis.
Determine the type of myocarditis:
A.
B.
Diffuse
interstitial productive
C.
Diffuse
interstitial exudative
D.
Focal interstitial
exudative
E.
Granulomatous
rheumatism; heart failure; pancarditis;
perivascular cellular focal infiltrates
composed of macrophages and creating
palisade structures surrounding areas of
fibrinoid necrosis
256.
Microscopy of the myocardium of a patient who
had died from heart failure revealed foci of
fibrinoid necrosis located diffusely in the
interstitial stroma, and often around the vessels.
Such foci were surrounded by lymphocytes,
macrophages, histiocytes. Pericardium was found
to have signs of sero-fibrinous pericarditis. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
A.
B.
Myocardial
heart failure; foci of fibrinoid necrosis
infarction
located diffusely in the interstitial stroma; E. Rheumatic
C.
Cardiomyopathy
lympho-histiocytic infiltration and
heart disease
D.
Cardiosclerosis
macrophages; sero-fibrinous pericarditis
E. Rheumatic heart
disease
254.
At the autopsy of the deceased, signs of rheumatic
heart disease have been revealed: thickened,
deformed valves that have cartilage-like
consistency and a brilliant surface. What kind of
dystrophic process is observed in the valves of the
heart?
chronic heart failure due to rheumatic
E. Brown
defects; lung of brown color, enlarged in induration of
size, compacted
lungs
E.
Granulomatou
s
257.
An examination of the female, who died from
renal insufficiency, revealed that her skin in the
regions of the bridge of the nose and lateral
surfaces of the face was brown-reddish and
desquamative. On autopsy, the heart was
enlarged, the cusps of the aortic valve were
thickened, dense and had thrombotic
superpositions. The aortic wall had elastolysis and
small scars in the middle coat. The kidneys were
motley, enlarged, with foci of haemorrhages in
their cortical layer. Microscopically, there were
haematoxylin bodies in the epithelial nuclei, the
basal membranes of capillaries of the glomeruli
were thickened and gave an appearance of wire
loops, somewhere the capillaries contained
hyaline thrombi and foci of fibrinoid necrosis.
Make a diagnosis.
A. Rheumatism
B.
Arteriolar
nephrosclerosis C.
Nephropathy
amyloidosis D.
Arterial
nephrosclerosis E.
Systemic lupus
erythematosus
258.
A histological examination of a skin biopsy
revealed an insignificantly expressed atrophy of
the epidermis, hyalinosis of collagenous fibres
and scanty perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates in
the derma, an expressed interstitial oedema, a loss
of transversal striation and microfocal necroses
with petrification in the underlying skeletal
muscles. Make a diagnosis of the disease.
expressed atrophy of the epidermis,
A. Systemic lupus hyalinosis of collagenous fibres,
erythematosus
lymphocytic infiltrates in the derma,
B.
Scleroderma
E.
expressed interstitial oedema, a loss of
C.
Polyarteritis
Dermatomyos
nodosa
itis
transversal striation and microfocal
D. Rheumatism
E.
Dermatomyositis necroses with petrification in underlying
skeletal muscles
skin on nose and lateral surfaces
brownreddish and desquamative; aortic
valve thickened, dense with thrombotic E. Systemic
superpositions; kidneys: motley, enlarged, lupus
with haemorrhages; glomeruli thickened erythematosus
with wire loops; hyaline thrombi and foci
of fibrinoid necrosis
259.
A 45-year-old female, who complained of
progressing muscular weakness, underwent a
biopsy of soft tissues on her shin. A histological
examination of the biopsy revealed some
microfocal petrification of the derma and skeletal
muscles, a reduced amount of glycogen and
transversal striation in the muscular fibres, some
fibres were necrotized, the stroma was infiltrated
by lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells.
Make a diagnosis of the disease.
A.
Systemic
scleroderma
microfocal petrification of derma and
B.
Systemic
skeletal muscles; reduced transversal
E.
lupus erythematosus
striation and necrosis in muscular fibres; Dermatomyos
C. Rheumatism
lympho-hystiocytic, macrophagal and
itis
D.
Polyarteritis
plasmacytic infiltration in stroma
nodosa
E.
Dermatomyositis
260.
A tumour removed from the white matter of the
right hemisphere of the brain is some soft
"motley" node, 4 cm in diameter, without any
clear borders with the substance of the brain.
Microscopically, the tumour consists of
polymorphous cells with numerous pathological
mitoses, and it also reveals foci of necrosis and
haemorrhages which occurred at different time.
Name the tumor.
A. Oligodendroglioma
B.
Oligodendroglioblasto
ma
C. Astrocytoma
D. Astroblastoma
E. Glioblastoma
tumour from white matter; soft "motley"
node, without any clear borders; consist
E.
of polymorphous cells with numerous
Glioblastoma
pathological mitoses; foci of necrosis and
haemorrhages
261.
A 42-year-old female suffers from an expressed
deformity of joints of her fingers and legs..
Histologically, the periarticular connective tissue
reveals some mucoid swelling, foci of fibrinoid
necrosis, clusters of macrophages and areas of
sclerosis, the synovial membrane has an oedema
of villi, as well as their mucoid and fibrinoid
swelling, the synovial cavity contains "rice
bodies". Make a diagnosis of the disease.
A.
Rheumatism
B.
Bekhterev's
disease C. Infectious
polyarthritis D.
Polyarteritis nodosa
E. Rheumatoid
arthritis
expressed deformity of joints of her joints
of her fingers and legs; periarticular
E.
connective tissue and synovial membrane
Rheumatoid
with mucoid swelling, foci of fibrinoid
arthritis
necrosis; clusters of macrophages and
areas of sclerosis; "rice bodies"
262.
263.
A. Polyarthritic form
A clinical examination of a 41-year-old male
patient revealed some deformity in small joints of of rheumatism B.
his extremities. A microscopic examination of a Rheumatoid
arthritis (stage II) C.
biopsy of the synovial coat revealed foci of
Rheumatoid
mucoid and fibrinoid swelling and fibrinoid
necrosis in the stroma of villi and vascular walls, arthritis (stage
III) D. Arthritis in
proliferation of synoviocytes, a perivascular
systemic lupus
infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmacytes and
erythematosus E.
neutrophils; there was IgG in the plasmacytes.
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most Rheumatoid
arthritis (stage I)
probable?
An autopsy of a 45-year-old female, who died
from cardiac failure, revealed on the lateral
surfaces of her both cheeks some reddishbrownish
spots which fused on the bridge of the nose. The
heart was enlarged, the myocardium was flaccid in
A.
Rheumatic
consistency, the cusps of the aortic valve were
thickened and had thrombotic superpositions. The defect of heart
Septic
kidneys were motley and had focal haemorrhages. B.
endocarditis C.
The pyramids of the medullary layer were dark
Subacute
red, the cortical layer was greyish and had red
specks. A microscopic examination of the kidneys glomerulonephritis D.
Atherosclerotic defect
revealed haematoxylin bodies in the tubular
of heart E. Systemic
epithelial nuclei, the basal membranes of
capillaries of the glomeruli were thickened and lupus erythematosus
gave an appearance of wire loops, somewhere the
walls of the capillaries contained hyaline thrombi
and foci of fibrinoid necrosis.
Which diagnosis was the most probable?
deformity in small joints; foci of mucoid
and fibrinoid swelling and fibrinoid
necrosis; proliferation of synoviocytes;
infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmacytes
and neutrophils; IgG in the plasmacytes
E.
Rheumatoid
arthritis (stage
I)
cardiac failure; "butterfly" on nose; aortic
valve thickened with thrombotic
superpositions; haematoxylin bodies in
E. Systemic
tubular epithelial nuclei; basal membranes lupus
of glomeruli thickened with wire loops; erythematosus
hyaline thrombi and foci of fibrinoid
necrosi
264.
265.
266.
267.
Microscopy of the kidneys from a man died of
systemic lupus erythematosus revealed sclerosed
glomeruli, the lumens of the small arteries and
arterioles are narrow, the median membrane is
thin, homogeneous, eosinophilic masses are
present in the subendothelial space.
Immunologically these masses contain immune
complexes and fibrin. Which substance is present
in the subendothelial space?
A. Fat-protein detritus
B. Simple hyaline
C. Lipohyalin
D. Amyloid
E. Complex hyalin
A. Wegener's
granulomatosis
B.
Takayasu's
disease
C.
Horton disease
D. Syphilitic
vasculitis
E.
Polyarteritis
nodosa
Autopsy of a man who died of intoxication
A. Alimentary
revealed cachexia, muscular atrophy, wrinkled
B.
Hypophyseal
C.
Cerebral D. In
skin, decreased mass of the inner organs,
stenosing tumor of the stomach with metastases to chronic infectious
disease
the liver and regional nodes. Which type of
E. Cancerous
cachexia is most probable?
Male 47 years died of a heart attack.
A. Nonspecific
Histologically in the wall of the aortic arch and
aortitis
the vessels departing from it revealed
B.
Rheumatism
granulomatous arteritis with a mononuclear
C. C Polyarteritis
infiltrate predominance in a small number of giant nodosa
multi-cell destruction of elastic fibers, smooth
D. Wegener's
myocyte necrosis and parietal thrombosis. What granulomatosis E.
disease in this case is most likely?
Takayasu's disease
Histological investigation of skeletal muscle
detected lymphocytic infiltration of the walls
arteries, sometimes circular and segmental
fibrinoid necrosis, cell proliferation segments of
the outer shell of a transition sclerosis and the
formation of small plots thickening of the walls of
arteries. Define pathological process.
systemic lupus erythematosus; sclerosed
glomeruli; arterioles lumens are narrow;
E. Complex
median membrane is thin, homogeneous,
hyalin
eosinophilic masses in subendothelial
space; immune complexes and fibrin
lymphocytic infiltration of arteries;
E.
circular and segmental fibrinoid necrosis;
Polyarteritis
cell proliferation in outer shell; sclerosis
nodosa
and plots thickening of walls of arteries
tumor of stomach with metastases
E. Cancerous
in aortic arch are granulomatous arteritis;
mononuclear infiltrate; giant multi-cell; E. Takayasu's
destruction of elastic fibers; smooth
disease
myocyte necrosis; parietal thrombosis
268.
A. Nodular
Histological examination of a kidney patient 26 periarthritis
B.
Rheumatism
years old who died from renal failure revealed
capillary membranes of glomeruli in the form of C. Scleroderma D.
wire loops, hyaline thrombi in capillaries, centers Rheumatoid
arthritis
of fibrinoid necrosis. What is the most likely
E. Systemic lupus
diagnosis?
erythematosus
renal failure; "wire loops" in glomeruli;
hyaline thrombi; fibrinoid necrosis
269.
A. Rheumatism
B.
Scleroderma
In a patient with systemic connective tissue
C. Calculous
disease, the dryness of the conjunctiva and oral
sialoadenitis
cavity is noted. Puncture biopsy revealed the
immune destruction of the salivary glands. Which D. Systemic lupus
erythematosus E.
disease is most probable?
Shegren's syndrome
systemic connective tissue disease;
E. Shegren's
dryness of conjunctiva and oral cavity;
immune destruction of the salivary glands syndrome
270.
The histological examination of the deformed
mitral valve revealed a pronounced basophilic
A. Amyloidosis
reaction in the connective tissue of the valve when B. Fibrinoid swelling deformed mitral valve; basophilic
colored with hematoxylin and eosin, and when the C. Gyalinosis
reaction in the connective tissue;
toluidine blue colored, the reaction was
D. Fibrinoid necrosis metachromasia at toluidine blue stain
metachromasia. What changes in connective
E. Mucoid swelling
tissue reveal these reactions?
271.
In a patient after supercooling, deformity of the
joints, pain and limitation of movements in the
fingers of the extremities developed; small dense
nodules appeared around the joints. At the biopsy,
nodules found focus of fibrinous necrosis
surrounded by histiocytes. Your diagnosis?
A. Deforming
arthrosis
B. Dermatomyositis
C. Rheumatism
D. Gout
E. Rheumatoid
arthritis
E. Systemic
lupus
erythematosus
E. Mucoid
swelling
deformity of the joints with pain and
E.
limitation of movements; small dense
Rheumatoid
nodules around joints; focus of fibrinous
arthritis
necrosis surrounded by histiocytes
272.
273.
274.
A patient with high-titer antinuclear antibodies
died from progressing renal impairment. Autopsy
A. Periarteritisnodosa high-titer antinuclear antibodies;
revealed deformity of the joints with pain and
B. Nephrotic syndrome deformity of the joints with pain and
limitation of movements; small dense nodules
E. Systemic
C.
Rheumatism
limitation; small nodules around joints;
around joints; focus of fibrinous necrosis
lupus
D.
Dermatomyositis focus of fibrinous necrosis surrounded by
surrounded by histiocytes. Periarterial bulbar
erythematosus
E. Systemic lupus
histiocytes; periarterial bulbar sclerosis;
sclerosis was detected in spleen and productive
erythematosus
productive proliferative vasculitis
proliferative vasculitis in skin. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A 70-year-old male patient died from acute
coronary insufficiency. He had knee joint
swelling, gonycampsis and gonalgia during his
A.
Deforming
lifetime. Pathomorphologic examination of the
knee joint swelling, gonycampsis and
arthrosis
deformed joints and synovial membranes revealed B.
gonalgia; synovial membranes
Periarteritis
membrane hyperaemia with multiple perivascular nodosa C. Ankylosing hyperaemia; perivascular inflammatory E. Atrophic
inflammatory infiltrations made by lymphocytes, spondylitis D.
infiltrations by lymphocytes, plasmocytes arthritis
plasmocytes and macrophagocytes. There was an Tuberculous
and macrophages; organized fibrin; rice
accumulation of organized fibrin covering some arthritis
grains in articular liquid
E. Atrophic arthritis
areas of synovium membrane and looking like
rice grains in the articular liquid. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A.
Hemorrhagic
peritonitis
During autopsy approximately 2,0 liters of pus
B.
Serous
have been found in the abdominal cavity of the
pus in abdominal cavity; peritoneum is
E.
peritonitis
C.
body. Peritoneum is dull and of grayish shade,
dull and of grayish shade, serous tunic of
Tuberculous peritonitis intestines has grayish-colored coating that Fibrinopurule
serous tunic of intestines has grayish-colored
nt peritonitis
Necrosis
coating that is easily removable. Specify the most D.
is easily removable
E.
Fibrinopurulent
likely type of peritonitis in the patient:
peritonitis
275.
276.
277.
278.
A. Tuberculoma B.
A patient ill with tuberculosis died from
Caseous
progressing cardiopulmonary decompensation.
pneumonia
Autopsy in the area of the right lung apex
revealed a cavity 5 cm in diameter communicating C. Infiltrative
tuberculosis D.
with lumen of a segmental bronchus. On the
Acute focal
inside cavity walls are covered with caseous
tuberculosis
masses with epithelioid and Langhans cells
E. Acute cavernous
beneath them. What morphological form of
tuberculosis
tuberculosis is it?
In a 37-year-old female patient, an enlarged dense
mammary gland was revealed, the nipple with the
areola of the mammary gland were oedematous,
the skin had an appearance of an "intradermal
bleb". On microscopic examination, the gland
tissues revealed layers of tumour cells with
polymorphous nuclei and a large number of
pathological mitoses. The tumour stroma was
poorly expressed. Make the diagnosis.
A male patient is 28 years old. Histological study
of a cervical lymph node revealed a change of its
pattern due to the proliferation of epithelioid,
lymphoid cells and macrophages having nuclei in
form of a horseshoe. In the center of some cell
clusters there were non-structured light-pink areas
with fragments of nuclei. What disease are these
changes typical for?
A 63-year-old man, who has been suffering from
chronic fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis
for 24 years, has been delivered to a nephrology
department with uremia. Intravital diagnostic test
for amyloid in the kidneys was positive. What
amyloidosis is it in this case?
tuberculosis and progressing
cardiopulmonary decompensation; cavity E. Acute
communicating with lumen of bronchus; cavernous
caseous masses with epithelioid and
tuberculosis
Langhans cells
A. Adenofibroma B.
Scirrhous
carcinoma
C.
Paget's
disease
D.
Adenoma E.
Medullary
carcinoma
tumour with polymorphous nuclei and
E. Medullary
pathological mitoses; tumour stroma was
carcinoma
poorly expressed
A. Hodgkin’s disease
B. Actinomycosis
C. Tumor metastasis
D. Syphilis
E. Tuberculosis
proliferation of epithelioid, lymphoid
cells and macrophages having nuclei in
form of a horseshoe in lymph node;
nonstructured light-pink areas with
fragments of nuclei
A. Primary systemic
B. Localized (focal)
C. Hereditary
chronic fibrous-cavernous pulmonary
(genetic)
tuberculosis; amyloid in the kidneys
D. Senile
E. Secondary systemic
E.
Tuberculosis
E. Secondary
systemic
279.
280.
281.
A 3-year-old child with meningeal symptoms
died. Postmortem macroscopy of the pia matter
revealed miliary nodules which were
microscopically represented by a focus of caseous
necrosis with masses of epithelioid and lymphoid
cells with some crescent-shaped large cells
inbetween having peripheral nuclei. Specify the
type of meningitis in the child:
A. Syphilitic
B. Brucellar
C. Grippal
D. Meningococcal
E. Tuberculosis
pia matter with miliary nodules with foci
of caseous necrosis with masses of
E.
epithelioid and lymphoid cells;
Tuberculosis
crescentshaped large cells with nuclei on
peripheral
A. Secondary
fibrousfocal
tuberculosis B.
A 40-year-old prisoner died of tuberculosis in the Hematogenous
corrective labor camp. Autopsy of the body
macrofocal pulmonary
tuberculosis in anamnesis; deformation
tuberculosis C.
revealed deformation and diminishing of both
and diminishing of both lung apices;
Primary tuberculosis,
lung apices; in the both upper lobes there are
upper lobes with multiple cavities with
multiple cavities with dense walls 2-3 mm thick; primary affect
dense walls; caseous necrosis in lower
in the lower lung lobes there are disseminated foci development D.
lobes
of caseous necrosis varying from 5 mm to 2 cm in Secondary cirrhotic
tuberculosis
diameter. Diagnose the type of tuberculosis:
E.
Secondary
fibrocavitary
tuberculosis
Autopsy of a man who had tuberculosis revealed a A. Fibrous focal
tuberculosis B.
3-2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the
tuberculosis in anamnesis; cavity in
right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a Tuberculoma C.
superior lobe of lung interconnected with
Acute focal
bronchus, its wall was dense and consisted of
a bronchus; wall is dense and consisted of
three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the tuberculosis
Acute cavernous pyogenic membrane, tuberculous
middle layer was made by tuberculous granulation D.
granulation tissue and connective tissue
tuberculosis
tissue and the external one was made by
layer
E.
Fibrous
connective tissue. What is the most likely
cavernous tuberculosis
diagnosis?
E. Secondary
fibro-cavitary
tuberculosis
E. Fibrous
cavernous
tuberculosis
282.
283.
284.
A. Infiltrative
tuberculosis B.
Autopsy of a young man revealed some lung
Caseous
cavities with inner walls made up of granulation pneumonia
lung cavities with granulation tissue with
C.
Acute
tissue with varying degrees of maturity;
varying degrees of maturity; pronounced
pronounced pneumosclerosis and bronchiectasis. cavernous
pneumosclerosis and bronchiectasis;
Some cavities had caseation areas. What is your tuberculosis
caseation areas
D.
Bronchiectasis
presumptive diagnosis?
E. Fibrous cavernous
tuberculosis
Cirrhotic
A patient was suffering from primary tuberculosis A.
5 years ago. Radiography has revealed a sharply tuberculosis
Acute cavernous
marginated nodular shadow with diameter of 4 cm B.
primary tuberculosis 5 years ago; sharply
in the 2nd segment of the right lung. Focus was tuberculosis
marginated nodular shadow 4 cm; this
C.
Fibro-cavernous
surgically removed. Histological study has
focus of caseous necrosis surrounded by
tuberculosis D.
revealed the following: the focus of caseous
thick capsule of connective tissue
Caseous pneumonia E.
necrosis surrounded by the thick capsule of
Tuberculoma
connective tissue. What kind of secondary
tuberculosis has occurred in patient?
Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from
patient's skin reveals granulomas that consist of
epithelioid cells surrounded mostly by
A. Syphilis
granulomas with epithelioid cells,
Tlymphocytes. Among epithelioid cells there are B. Leprosy
lymphocytes, solitary giant multinuclear
solitary giant multinuclear cells of
C. Rhinoscleroma
cells of Pirogov-Langhans; caseous
PirogovLanghans typ. In the centre of some
D. Glanders
necrosis in the centre without blood
granulomas there are areas of caseous necrosis.
E. Tuberculosis
vessels
Blood vessels are absent. What disease are the
described granulomas typical for?
E. Fibrous
cavernous
tuberculosis
E.
Tuberculoma
E.
Tuberculosis
285.
A 4-year-old child with meningeal symptoms
died. Postmortem macroscopy of the pia matter
revealed miliary nodules which were
microscopically represented by a focus of caseous
necrosis with masses of epithelioid and lymphoid
cells with large cells containing crescent-shaped
peripheral nuclei situated between them. Specify
the type of meningitis in the child:
A. Syphilitic
B. Brucellar
C. Grippal
D. Meningococcal
E. Tuberculosis
miliary nodules with foci of caseous
necrosis; epithelioid and lymphoid cells; E.
large cells with crescent-shaped nuclei
Tuberculosis
situated peripheral
286.
A male patient is 20 years old. Histological study
of a cervical lymph node revealed a change of its
pattern due to the proliferation of epithelioid,
lymphoid cells and macrophages having nuclei in
form of a horseshoe. In the center of some cell
clusters there were non-structured light-pink areas
with fragments of nuclei. What disease are these
changes typical for?
A. Hodgkin’s disease
B. Actinomycosis
C. Tumor metastasis
D. Syphilis
E. Tuberculosis
lymph node; epithelioid, lymphoid cells
and macrophages having nuclei in form of E.
a horseshoe; non-structured light-pink
Tuberculosis
areas with fragments of nuclei
287.
Autopsy of a 18 year old girl who died from
pulmonary failure revealed a small area of
caseous necrosis in the inferior lobe of the right
lung, and occurrences of caseous necrosis in the
bronchopulmonary, bronchial and bifurcational
lymph nodes. What is the most probable
postmortem diagnosis?
A. Hematogenous
progression of
primary tuberculosis
B. Hematogenous
tuberculosis with
predominant lung
affection C.
Tuberculoma D.
Caseous pneumonia
under secondary
tuberculosis E.
Primary tuberculosis
E. Primary
tuberculosis
caseous necrosis in lung and in regional
lymph nodes
288.
289.
290.
A man is 28 years old. Histological investigation
of the cervical lymph node revealed a change of
its pattern due to proliferation of epithelioid,
lymphoid cells and macrophages with horseshoeshaped nuclei. In the center of some cell clusters
there were non-structured light-pink areas with
fragments of nuclei. What disease are these
changes typical of?
A. Hodgkin’s disease
B. Actinomycosis
C. Tumor metastasis
D. Syphilis
E. Tuberculosis
A. Anaphylaxis B.
Antibodydependent
48 hours after performing tuberculin test
cytotoxicity C.
(Mantoux test) to a child a 10 mm papule
Immune complex
appeared on the spot of tuberculin introduction.
cytotoxicity
What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these
D. Granulomatosis
changes?
E. Cellular
cytotoxicity
A 46 year old patient who had been suffering from
tuberculosis for 6 years died from massive
pulmonary haemorrhage. Autopsy revealed
A. Acute cavernous
different-sixed foci of sclerosis and caseous
B. Infiltrative
necrosis in lungs, in the upper part of the right
C. Fibrous focal
lung there was a cavity 5 cm in diameter with
D. Acute focal
dense grey walls, the cavity contained liquid
E. Fibrocavernous
blood and blood clots. What type of tuberculosis
is it?
proliferation of epithelioid, lymphoid cells
and macrophages having nuclei in form of E.
a horseshoe in lymph node; nonstructured Tuberculosis
light-pink areas with fragments of nuclei
48 hours after tuberculin test (Mantoux
test); 10 mm papule appeared on the spot
E. Cellular
of tuberculin introduction
cytotoxicity
tuberculosis in anamnesis; foci of
sclerosis and caseous necrosis; cavity 5 E.
cm in upper part of lung with dense grey Fibrocavernou
walls and contained liquid blood and
s
blood clots
291.
An autopsy of a 46-year-old male, who died from
intoxication, revealed mucus and some blood in
the lumens of the rectum and sigmoid colon, the
mucous membrane had numerous brown- green
membranous superpositions and haemorrhages.
Microscopically, fibrinous colitis was found. On
bacteriological examination of the intestinal
contents, Shigella sonnei was isolated. Make a
diagnosis of the disease.
A. Crohn’s disease
B. Salmonellosis
C. Cholera
D. Yersiniosis
E. Dysentery
intoxication; mucus and some blood in the
lumens of the rectum and sigmoid colon;
numerous brown- green membranous
E. Dysentery
superpositions and haemorrhages;
fibrinous colitis; Shigella sonnei
292.
On autopsy of a 45-year-old male, who died from
intoxication, the wall of the ileum revealed some
grouped and solitary follicles which rose above
the level of the mucous coat and whose surface
had numerous grooves and convolutions.
Histologically, the follicles were characterized by
a proliferation of monocytes, histiocytes and
reticular cells, as well as large macrophages with
a light cytoplasm, and these macrophages formed
granulomata. The above picture is typical for:
A. A Salmonellosis
B. Dysentery
C. Cholera
D. Yersiniosis
E. Typhoid fever
intoxication; grouped and solitary follicles
which rose above the mucous coat with
numerous grooves and convolutions;
E. Typhoid
monocytes, histiocytes and reticular cells fever
and large macrophages with a light
cytoplasm formed granulomata
293.
294.
Colonoscopy in a male patient, who was ill with
A. Catarrhal
dysentery, revealed that the mucous membrane of
B. Ulcerous
the large intestine was hyperaemic and
C. Purulent
oedematous, its surface was covered with
D. Necrotic
greygreen films. Name the morphological form of
E. Fibrinous
dysenteric colitis.
Colonoscopy in a male patient on the 5th day after A. Crohn’s disease
B. Nonspecific
the onset of diarrhoea revealed in the inflamed
mucous membrane of his rectum some grey-green ulcerous colitis C.
Typhoid fever
membranous superpositions tightly connected
D. Salmonellosis
with the underlying tissues. What is the most
E. Dysentery
probable diagnosis?
dysentery; mucous membrane ... covered
E. Fibrinous
with grey-green films
diarrhoea; inflamed mucous membrane of
rectum; grey-green membranous
E. Dysentery
superpositions tightly connected with the
underlying tissues
295.
An autopsy of a male patient, who died one week
after the beginning of a profuse diarrhoea,
revealed a sharply expressed exicosis, the tissues
were dry, the blood was thick. On bacteriological
examination of the contents of the small intestine,
that resembled rice water, vibrios were found.
What disease caused the patient’s death?
296.
On autopsy of a 40-year-old male, who died from
intoxication, his small intestine contained groups
of follicles which rose above the mucous coat.
Their surface had grooves and convolutions, their
pattern resembling the cerebral surface. Against a
background of loss of lymphocytes, a microscopic
examination of the follicles revealed a
proliferation of monocytes, histiocytes and
reticular cells, as well as clusters of macrophages
which formed granulomata. What disease are the
described changes typical for?
297.
A 63 y.o. man fell ill with acute tracheitis and
bronchitis accompanied by bronchial pneumonia.
On the 10th day the patient died from
A. Moderately
cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy revealed severe influenza B.
fibrinous hemorrhagic laryngotracheobronchitis; Parainfluenza C.
lungs were enlarged, their incision revealed the
Respiratory syncytial
"coal- miner’s"effect caused by interlacing of
infection D.
Adenoviral infection
sections of bronchial pneumonia, hemorrhages
into the pulmonary parenchyma, acute abscesses E. Influenza, severe
form
and atelectases. Internal organs have
discirculatory and dystrophic changes. What is the
most probable diagnosis?
A. Food intoxication
B. Dysentery
C. Typhoid fever
D. Salmonellosis
E. Cholera
A. Cholera
B. Salmonellosis
C. Amoebiasis
D. Dysentery
E. Typhoid fever
profuse diarrhoea; sharply expressed
exicosis; dry tissues, thick blood; "rice
water" in small intestine and vibrios
intoxication; groups of follicles which
rose above mucous coat with grooves and
convolutions (like cerebral surface);
proliferation of monocytes, histiocytes,
reticular cells, macrophages which
formed granulomata
E. Cholera
E. Typhoid
fever
cardiopulmonary insufficiency; fibrinous
hemorrhagic laryngotracheobronchitis;
lungs enlarged; "coal- miner’s"effect: mix
E. Influenza,
of bronchial pneumonia, hemorrhages,
severe form
acute abscesses and atelectases;
discirculatory-dystrophic changes in
internal organs
298.
299.
300.
A 30 year old man had been suffering from acute
respiratory disease and died from
A. Parainfluenza
cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy
B. Respiratory
revealed fibrinous-haemorrhagic inflammation in syncytial infection
the mucous membrane of larynx and trachea,
C. Measles D.
destructive panbronchitis, enlarged lungs that look Adenoviral
black due to the multiple abcesses, haemorrhages, infection E.
necrosis. What is the most probable postmortem Influenza
diagnosis?
2 days after labour a woman developed shock
A. Syphilis
Tuberculosis of
along with DIC syndrome that caused her death. B.
genital organs
Autopsy revealed purulent endomyometritis,
Chorioadenoma
regional purulent lymphangitis, lymphadenitis and C.
destruens
purulent thrombophlebitis. There were also
dystrophic alterations and interstitial inflammation
of parenchymal organs. What is the most likely D. Hydatid mole
diagnosis?
E.
Septicemia
A 20 year old patient died from intoxication 8
days after artificial illegal abortion performed in A. Chroniosepsis
her 14-15th week of pregnancy. Autopsy of the B. Hemorrhagic shock
corpse revealed yellowish colour of eye sclera and C. Septicemia
of skin, necrotic suppurative endometritis,
D. Viral hepatitis type
multiple pulmonary abscesses, spleen hyperplasia A
with a big number of neutrophils in its sinuses.
E. Septicopyemia
What complication after abortion was developed?
cardiopulmonary decompensation;
fibrinous-haemorrhagic inflammation in
mucous; destructive panbronchitis;
enlarged lungs with abscesses,
haemorrhages, necrosis
E. Influenza
2 days after labour; shock, DIC
syndrome; purulent endomyometritis,
lymphangitis, lymphadenitis and purulent E. Septicemia
thrombophlebitis; dystrophic alterations
and interstitial inflammation
jaundice; necrotic suppurative
endometritis; multiple pulmonary
abscesses, spleen hyperplasia with a big
number of neutrophils in its sinuses
E.
Septicopyemi
a
301.
302.
303.
A. Suppurative
inflammation B.
A 7-year-old child has acute onset of disease:
Fibrinous
temperature rise up to 38oC , rhinitis, cough,
inflammation C.
lacrimation, and large-spot rash on the skin.
Hemorrhagic
Pharyngeal mucosa is edematous, hyperemic, with
inflammation
whitish spots in the buccal area. What kind of
D. Serous
inflammation causes the changes in the buccal
inflammation E.
mucosa?
Catarrhal
inflammation
A man with a wound of his limb that had been
A. Septicopyemia
suppurating for a long time died from
B.
Septicemia C.
intoxication. Autopsy revealed extreme
Chernogubov’s
emaciation, dehydration, brown atrophy of liver,
syndrome
myocardium, spleen and cross-striated muscles as
D. Brucellosis
well as renal amyloidosis. What diagnosis
E. Chroniosepsis
corresponds with the described presentations?
A 71-year-old man had been presenting with
diarrhea for 10 days. The feces had admixtures of
blood and mucus. He was delivered to a hospital
in grave condition and died 2 days later. Autopsy
of the body revealed the following: diphtheritic
colitis with multiple irregularly-shaped ulcers of
different depth in both sigmoid colon and rectus.
Bacteriological analysis revealed Shigella.What
was the main disease?
A.
Typhoid
fever
B.
Salmonellosis
C. Nonspecific
ulcerous colitis D.
Yersiniosis
E. Dysentery
mucosa is edematous, hyperemic, with E. Catarrhal
whitish spots
inflammation
suppurating wound long time; extreme
emaciation, dehydration, brown atrophy
of liver, myocardium, spleen and
crossstriated muscles; renal amyloidosis
E.
Chroniosepsis
blood and mucus in feces; diphtheritic
colitis with multiple irregularly-shaped
ulcers in sigmoid colon and rectum;
Shigella
E. Dysentery
304.
305.
306.
307.
Autopsy of a 42-year-old man revealed a
distinctly dilated lumen of small intestine filled
with rice-water-like liquid. The intestine wall was
edematic with lots of petechial haemorrhages on
the mucosa.What infectious disease is the
described enteritis typical for?
A worker of a cattle farm consulted a surgeon
about fever up to 40oC, headache, weakness.
Objective examination of his back revealed
hyperaemia and a dark red infiltration up to 5 cm
in diameter with black bottom in the centre and
some pustules. What disease are these
presentations typical for?
A 42-year-old man died with symptoms of severe
intoxication and respiratory failure. A slide of
lung tissue was heterogenous, with multiple
microfocal hemorrhages and foci of emphysema.
Histological examination of lungs revealed
hemorrhagic abscessing bronchopneumonia;
eosinophilic and basophilic granules in the
cytoplasm of epithelial cells of bronchi. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
A. Dysentery
B. Salmonellosis
C. Amebiasis
D. Typhoid fever
E. Cholera
small intestine expanded, contain
"ricewater"; lots of petechial
haemorrhages
E. Cholera
A. Plaque
B. Tularemia
C. Furuncle
D. Abscess
E. Anthrax
cattle farm; hyperaemia and a dark red
infiltration up to 5 cm in diameter with
black bottom in the centre and some
pustules
E. Anthrax
A. Parainfluenza B.
Adenovirus
infection
C.
Respiratory
syncytial virus
infection
D.
Staphylococcal
bronchopneumonia
E.
Influenza
intoxication and respiratory failure;
multiple microfocal hemorrhages;
hemorrhagic abscessing
bronchopneumonia; eosinophilic and
basophilic granules in epithelial cells
E. Influenza
intraintestinal hemorrhage; necrosis of
follicles, dead tissues imbibed with bile
and blood; sequestration and rejection of
necrotic masses with defect formation
E. Typhoid
fever,
ulcerative
stage
A. Typhoid fever,
Autopsy of a man who died from intraintestinal "clean ulcer"stage B.
Typhoid fever,
hemorrhage revealed necrosis of grouped and
solitary follicles, dead tissues imbibed with bile necrosis stage
and blood in the ileum; sequestration and rejection C. Abdominal
typhoid salmonellosis
of necrotic masses with defect formation in the
D. Crohn’s disease E.
lower segment of the intestine. Which of the
Typhoid fever,
following diagnoses is most likely?
ulcerative stage
308.
309.
310.
311.
A patient with marked manifestations of exsicosis
died in the infectious disease hospital.
A.
Enteric fever
Postmortem examination results: the corpse with B.
Dysentery
contracted muscles, dry skin and mucous
C.
Anthrax,
membranes, thick and dark blood in veins,
intestinal form
edematous plethoric mucosa, distended bowel
D.
Yersiniosis
loops, the lumen contains about 4 liters of
E.
Cholera
ricewater fluid. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 47-year-old patient with symptoms of severe
A.
Adenovirus
intoxication and respiratory failure died. A section
infection
of lung tissue had a mottled pattern with multiple
B.
Parainfluenza
small focal hemorrhages and foci of emphysema.
C. Respiratory
Histological examination revealed hemorrhagic
syncytial
bronchopneumonia accompanied by abscess; the
D.
Staphylococcal
cytoplasm of bronchial epithelial cells had
bronchopneumonia
eosinophil and basophil inclusions. According to
E.
Influenza
the section analysis, make your diagnosis:
A.
Brucellosis
A 47-year-old male patient consulted a dentist
B.
Whooping
about difficult mouth opening (lockjaw). The
cough C. Anaerobic
patient has a history of a stab wound of the lower
wound infection D.
extremity. What infection can be manifested by
Tularemia
these symptoms?
E. Tetanus
Autopsy of the body of a 46-year-old man, who
had been suffering from typhoid fever and died of
intestinal hemorrhage, has revealed sequestration
areas, tissue rejection in the areas of lymphoid
follicle clusters. What stage of typhoid fever is it?
A.
Healing
B.
Arain-like
swelling of the
follicles C. Necrosis
D. Clean ulcers
E. Dirty ulcers
exsicosis; contracted muscles, dry skin
and mucous membranes; thick, dark
E. Cholera
blood; plethoric mucosa, distended bowel
loops with "ricewater" fluid
intoxication and respiratory failure; focal
hemorrhages; hemorrhagic
E. Influenza
bronchopneumonia with abscess; cells
had eosinophil and basophil inclusions
difficult mouth opening (lockjaw) (rigid
muscles); stab wound in anamnesis
E. Tetanus
typhoid fever; sequestration areas, tissue
E. Dirty ulcers
rejection in lymphoid follicle clusters
312.
313.
314.
315.
A. Proliferative
A patient, having suffered a thermal burn,
B. Croupous
developed painful bubble filled with turbid liquid
C. Granulomatous
in the skin. What morphological type of
D. Diphtheritic
inflammation has developed in the patient?
E. Serous
During autopsy of a man, who died of acute
A. Diphtheritic
transmural cardiac infarction, the following has
B. Serous
been detected on the pericardium surface: fibrous
C. Suppurative
whitish-brown deposit connecting parietal and
D. Granulomatous
visceral pericardial layers. What kind of
E. Croupous
inflammation occurred in the pericardium?
A. Serous peritonitis
B. Fibrinous serous
A 39-year-old man who had been operated for the
peritonitis C.
stomach ulcer died 7 days after the surgery.
Peritoneal
Autopsy revealed that peritoneal leaves were dull,
commissures D.
plethoric, covered with massive yellow- greenish Fibrinoushaemorrhagi
films, the peritoneal cavity contained about 300 c peritonitis E.
ml of thick yellow-greenish liquid. What
Fibrinoussuppurative
pathologic process was revealed in the peritoneal peritonitis
cavity?
A patient has undergone surgical removal of a
cavitary liver lesion 2 cm in diameter. It was
revealed that the cavity wall was formed by dense
fibrous connective tissue; the cavity contained
murky thick yellowish-green fluid with an
unpleasant odor. Microscopically the fluid
consisted mainly of polymorphonuclear
leukocytes. What pathological process are these
morphological changes typical for?
A. Acute
abscess
B.
Phlegmon C.
Empyema
D. Furuncle
E. Chronic abscess
thermal burn; bubble with turbid liquid
E. Serous
fibrous whitish-brown deposit on
pericardium
E. Croupous
ulcer; peritoneum dull, plethoric, with
massive yellow- greenish films, thick
yellow-greenish liquid
E.
Fibrinoussupp
urative
peritonitis
cavity wall formed by dense fibrous
connective tissue; murky thick yellowish- E. Chronic
green fluid with an unpleasant odor;
abscess
mainly polymorphonuclear leukocytes
316.
317.
318.
Granulomas containing lymphocytes and
macrophages were detected during analysis of
skin biopsy material. Among macrophages there
are large cells with fat inclusions, which contain
microorganisms in spherical packages (Virchow’s
cells). The following disease is based on the
described type of hypersensitivity:
A. Syphilis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Rhinoscleroma
D. Epidemic typhus
E. Leprosy
A. Traumatic
edema B.
As a result of careless handling of an iron, a
Alternative
34year-old female patient has got acute pain,
inflammation C.
redness, swelling of her right index finger. A few
Proliferative
minutes later, there appeared a blister filled with a
inflammation D.
transparent liquid of straw-yellow color. The
Vacuolar
described changes are a manifestation of the
degeneration E.
following pathological process:
Exudative
inflammation
A 7-year-old boy got ill with diphtheria. On the
third day he died of asphyxiation. At autopsy the A. Diphtheritic
mucosa of the larynx, trachea and bronchi had
B. Purulent
thickened, edematous, lusterless appearance and C. Catarrhal
was covered with gray films which could be easily D. Intermediate
removed. Specify the type of laryngeal
E. Croupous
inflammation:
Granulomas with lymphocytes and
macrophages; large cells with fat
inclusions and microorganisms in
spherical packages (Virchow’s cells)
E. Leprosy
blister with a transparent liquid of
strawyellow color
E. Exudative
inflammation
diphtheria; asphyxiation; mucosa
thickened, edematous, covered with gray E. Croupous
films which easily removed
319.
320.
321.
322.
There is a 7-year-old child with complains of
cough, lacrimation, rhinitis, skin rash,
photophobia and three-day-long fever as high as
38°C. Physical examination has revealed the
following: conjunctivitis; bright red
maculopapular rash covering the skin of face,
neck and torso; hyperemic pharynx; serous
purulent secretions from the nose; dry rales in the
lungs. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Autopsy of a dead 6-year-old child revealed a
marked edema of the soft tissues of neck and
enlarged tonsils. Pharyngeal mucosa was covered
with numerous dense whitish-yellow pellicles
exposing deep ulcers after their removal.
Histological examination of the pharyngeal
mucosa revealed necrosis of the upper epithelial
layers, impregnation of the mucous memrane with
the fibrinous exudate and moderate leukocyte
infiltration. What infectious disease caused the
death of the child?
A 4-year-old girl died suddenly with symptoms of
asphyxia. Autopsy revealed white spots on the
buccal mucosa; large blotches of rash on the skin
of face, trunk and extremities; conjunctivitis,
edema with foci of necrosis on the laryngeal
mucosa; giant-cell pneumonia on microscopy.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Such presentations as catarrhal conjunctivitis,
pharyngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, white spots
on the buccal mucosa in the region of lower
premolar teeth, maculopapular rash on face, body
and extremities are typical for the following
disease:
A. Adenovirus
infection B.
Scarlet fever C.
Chicken pox
D. Rubella
E. Measles
skin rash, photophobia; conjunctivitis;
bright red maculopapular rash; hyperemic E. Measles
pharynx
A. Parainfluenza
B. Scarlet fever
C. Whooping cough
D. Measles
E. Diphtheria
tonsils and pharyngeal mucosa with dense
whitish-yellow pellicles; necrosis of upper
E. Diphtheria
epithelial layers, impregnation with the
fibrinous exudate
A.
Scarlet fever
B.
Influenza
C.
Meningococcal
infection D. Typhus
E. Measles
white spots on buccal mucosa; large
blotches of rash; conjunctivitis, edema
E. Measles
with foci of necrosis on larynx; giant-cell
pneumonia
A.
Spotted fever
B.
Scarlet fever
C.
Meningococcal
infection D. Influenza
E. Measles
catarrhal conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, white
spots on the buccal mucosa in region of
E. Measles
lower premolar teeth, maculopapular rash
on face, body and extremities
323.
324.
325.
326.
A child is 10 years old. The followi-ng
presentations have developed: sharp pain during
A. Meningococcal
swallowing, swollen neck, body temperature rise
nasopharyngitis B.
up to 39oC, bright-red finely papular rash all over
Diphtheria
the body. Pharynx and tonsils are sharply
C. Influenza
hyperemic ("flaming pharynx"), "crimson
D. Measles
tongue". On the tonsils surface there are isolated
E. Scarlet fever
greyish necrosis focuses. What disease it might
be?
A diseased child has a high fever, sore throat,
swelling of submandibular lymph nodes.
A.
Catarrhal
Objectively: pharyngeal mucosa is edematous,
tonsillitis
moderately hyperemic, the tonsils are enlarged,
B.
Scarlet fever
covered with grayish membrane tightly adhering C.
Meningococcal
to the tissues above. Attempts to remove the
disease D. Measles
membrane produce the bleeding defects. What
E. Diphtheria
disease are these presentations typical for?
Autopsy of a Middle-Eastern woman, who had
A. AIDS
been suffering from wasting fever for a long time,
B. Epidemic typhus
revealed enlarged blackened liver and spleen.
C. Sepsis
Bone marrow was hyperplastic and black- colored
D. Hepatitis
as well. Cerebral cortex was smoky grey. What
E. Malaria
disease is it characteristic of?
A child is 7 years old. The following presentations
have developed: sharp pain during swallowing,
A. Meningococcal
o
swollen neck, body temperature rise up to 39 C, nasopharyngitis B.
bright and red finely papular rash all over the
Diphtheria
body. Pharynx and tonsils are sharply hyperemic C. Influenza
("flaming pharynx"), "crimson tongue". On the
D. Measles
tonsils surface there are isolated grayish necrosis E. Scarlet fever
focuses. What disease it might be?
sharp pain during swallowing, swollen
neck, temperature; bright-red finely
papular rash all over the body; pharynx
and tonsils are sharply hyperemic
("flaming pharynx"), "crimson tongue";
isolated greyish necrosis focuses
E. Scarlet
fever
tonsils enlarged with grayish membrane
tightly adherent to tissues; removing of
membrane produce bleeding defects
E. Diphtheria
fever for a long time; enlarged blackened
liver and spleen; bone marrow
E. Malaria
hyperplastic and black; cerebral cortex
was smoky grey
sharp pain during swallowing, swollen
neck, temperature; bright-red finely
papular rash all over the body; pharynx
and tonsils are sharply hyperemic
("flaming pharynx"), "crimson tongue";
isolated greyish necrosis focuses
E. Scarlet
fever
327.
328.
329.
A 9-year-old boy has acute onset of disease: sore
throat, body temperature rise up to 39oC; on the
second day diffuse skin rash was detected all over
his skin except for nasolabial triangle. On
examination of oral cavity: crimson tongue,
"flaming pharynx", necrotic tonsillitis. What
diagnosis is the most likely?
A. Measles
B. Diphtheria
C. Influenza
D. Meningococcemia
E. Scarlet fever
sharp pain during swallowing, swollen
neck, temperature; bright-red finely
papular rash all over the body; pharynx
and tonsils are sharply hyperemic
("flaming pharynx"), "crimson tongue";
isolated greyish necrosis focuses
A. Tuberculous
meningitis
During autopsy the following has been revealed:
B.
Grippal
the meninges of the upper cerebral hemispheres
meningitis
meninges extremely plethoric with
are extremely plethoric, of yellow-green color and
C.
Anthrax-induced yellow-green color and are soaked with
are soaked with purulent effluent. What kind of
D. Epidemic
purulent effluent
meningitis is characterized by such clinical
typhusinduced
presentations?
E. Meningococcal
meningitis
A 10-year-old child has painful swallowing, neck
A. Meningococcal
edema, temperature rise up to 39,0oC, the whole
painful swallowing, neck edema,
nasopharyngitis
body is covered with bright-red petechial rash.
temperature; whole body with bright-red
B. Diphtheria
Back of the throat and tonsils are hyperemic, the
petechial rash; throat and tonsils are
C. Influenza
tongue is crimson colored. Tonsillar surface is
hyperemic; tongue crimson; tonsils with
D. Measles
covered with isolated grayish- colored necrosis
isolated grayish- colored necrosis nidi
E. Scarlet fever
nidi. What disease is it?
E. Scarlet
fever
E.
Meningococca
l meningitis
E. Scarlet
fever
330.
331.
332.
On the 24th day since the onset of disease, a male
patient diagnosed with typhoid fever and
undergoing treatment in an infectious diseases
A. Medullary swelling
hospital has suddenly developed clinical
B. Necrosis
presentations of acute abdomen leading to the
death of the patient. During autopsy peritonitis has
been revealed, with numerous ulcers covering the C. Dirty ulcer
colon mucosa and reaching as deep as muscular D. Regeneration
and, in places, serous tunic. The ulcers have
E. Clean ulcer
smooth edges and even floor. The intestinal wall
is perforated. What stage of typhoid fever has the
lethal complication arisen at?
A diseased child has a high fever, sore throat,
swelling of submandibular lymph nodes.
Objectively: pharyngeal mucosa is edematous,
moderately hyperemic, the tonsils are enlarged,
covered with grayish membrane tightly adhering
to the tissues above. Attempts to remove the
membrane produce the bleeding defects. What
disease are these presentations typical for?
Autopsy of a 1,5-year-old child revealed
hemorrhagic skin rash, moderate hyperaemia and
edema of nasopharyngeal mucous membrane,
small hemorrhages in the mucous membranes and
internal organs; dramatic dystrophic alterations in
liver and myocardium; acute necrotic nephrosis;
massive hemorrhages in the adrenal glands. What
disease are these alterations the most typical for?
typhoid fever; acute abdomen; numerous
ulcers on colon mucosa to deep as
muscular and serous tunic; ulcers with
E. Clean ulcer
smooth edges and even floor; intestines
perforated
A.
Catarrhal
tonsillitis
B.
Scarlet fever
C.
Meningococcal
disease D. Measles
E. Diphtheria
high fever, sore throat, swelling of
submandibular lymph nodes; pharynx
hyperemic, tonsils enlarged with grayish E. Diphtheria
membrane tightly adherent to tissues;
removing it produce bleeding defects
A.
Scarlet fever
B.
Diphtheria
C.
Measles
D.
Epidemic
typhus E.
Meningococcal
infection
hemorrhagic skin rash, hyperaemia and
edema of nasopharyngeum; hemorrhages E.
in mucous, internal organs, adrenal
Meningococca
glands; dystrophy in liver and
l infection
myocardium; acute necrotic nephrosis
333.
334.
335.
A patient consulted a doctor about the intensive
skin itch, especially between fingers, in axillary
creases, in the inferior part of belly. During the
skin examination there were found twisting
whitish tracts with speckles at the end of them.
What disease are these clinical presentations
typical for?
Autopsy of an 8 year old boy who was ill with
pharyngeal and tonsillar diphtheria and died one
week after illness begin revealed myocardial
changes in form of small-focal myocardiocyte
necroses, stroma edema with slight lymphocytic
infiltration. What type of myocarditis is it:
A 7 year old child was taken to the infectious
disease hospital with complaints of acute pain
during swallowing, temperature rise up to 39oC,
neck edem. Objective signs: tonsills are enlarged,
their mucous membrane is plethoric and covered
with a big number of whitish- yellowish films that
are closely adjacent to the mucous membran.
After removal of these films the deep bleeding
defect remains. What type of inflammation is it?
A. Dermatotropic
leishmaniosis B.
Demodicosis
C. Pediculosis
D. Miasis
E. Scabies
skin itch, especially between fingers, in
axillary creases, in the inferior part of
belly; twisting whitish tracts with
speckles at end of them
E. Scabies
A.
Septic
B.
Granulomatous
C. Focal-intermediate, diphtheria; myocardium with small-focal
E. Alterative
exudative
myocardiocyte necrosis
D. Interstitional
E. Alterative
A. Purulent
B. Crupous
C. Serous
D. Hemorrhagic
E. Diphteritic
mucous membrane with whitishyellowish films that are closely adjacent
E. Diphteritic
to mucosa; removal of these films leads to
bleeding defect
336.
A. Tuberculous
meningitis B.
Influenza
On autopsy it is revealed: soft arachnoid
meningitis
membrane of the upper parts of cerebral
Meningitis at
hemisphere is plethoric, it is of yellowish-green C.
color, soaked with purulent and fibrose exudate, it anthrax
D.
Meningitis at
lookes like cap. For what disease is it
typhus
characteristical picture
E.
Meningococcal
meningitis
arachnoid membrane plethoric with
yellowish-green color, soaked with
purulent and fibrose exudate, it lookes
like cap
E.
Meningococca
l meningitis
337.
A 4 year old child complained of pain during
deglutition, indisposition. Objectively: palatine
arches and tonsils are moderately edematic and
hyperemic, there are greyish-white films up to 1
mm thick closely adhering to the subjacent
tissues. What pathological process are these
changes typical for?
mucosa edematic and hyperemic with
greyish-white films
E.
Inflammation
338.
A boy is 6 y.o. Objectively: against the
background of hyperemic skin there is knobby
A.
Rubella
bright- pink rash on his forehead, neck, at the
B.
Whooping
bottom of abdomen, in the popliteal spaces;
cough
nasolabial triangle is pale. Examination of
C.
Diphtheria D.
oropharyngeal surface revealed localized brightred
Infectious
hyperemia; tonsils are swollen, soft, lacunas
mononucleosis E.
contain pus, tongue is crimson. Cervical lymph
Scarlet fever
nodes are enlarged, dense and painful. What is the
most probable diagnosis?
A. Dystrophy
B. Necrosis
C. Metaplasia
D. Organization
E. Inflammation
hyperemic skin; knobby bright- pink rash;
nasolabial triangle is pale;
oropharyngeal bright-red hyperemia;
E. Scarlet
tonsils are swollen, soft, lacunas contain fever
pus, tongue is crimson, lymph nodes are
enlarged, dense and painful
339.
340.
341.
A man died 7 days after the beginning of the
disease. He was diagnosed with dysentery. At the
A. Catarrhal
autopsy it was found out a thickened wall of the
B. Ulcerative
sigma and rectum, fibrinous membrane on the
C. Chronic
surface of mucous membrane. Histologically:
D. Gangrenous
there is a deep necrosis of mucous membrane with
E. Diphtheritic
infiltration of necrotic masses with fibrin. What
kind of colitis does correspond to the changes?
A 6,5-year-old girl fell ill with diphtheria and
three days later died of asphyxia resulting from
A. Serous
membranous croup. On autopsy, the mucous
B. Haemorrhagic
membranes of the larynx, trachea and bronchi
C. Diphtheritic
were thickened, oedematous and covered with
D. Croupous
greyish films which were easily separated. What
E. Catarrhal
kind of inflammation did the morphological
changes in the larynx indicate?
A.
Hereditary
insufficiency of
the peripheral
An autopsy of a 17-year-old female, who died
lymphoid tissue
from puerperal sepsis, revealed an enlarged
B.
Immediate
plethoric spleen whose section gave an abundant hypersensitivity
scrape. Microscopically, hyperplasia and a
reaction C.
plasmacytic infiltration of both the red pulp and Delayed
splenic follicles were found out; the red pulp was hypersensitivity
rich in macrophages. Which of the
reaction
immunopathological mechanisms most probably D. Autoimmunization
lay in the basis of the changes in the spleen?
E. Antigenic
stimulation of the
organism
fibrinous membrane; deep necrosis of
mucous membrane with infiltration of
necrotic masses with fibrin
E.
Diphtheritic
diphtheria; asphyxia resulting from
membranous croup; mucosa thickened,
oedematous and covered with greyish
films which were easily separated
E. Catarrhal
puerperal sepsis; enlarged plethoric
spleen with abundant scrape at section; E. Antigenic
hyperplasia and a plasmacytic infiltration stimulation of
of red pulp and splenic follicles; red pulp the organism
is rich in macrophages
342.
A male patient, who one month ago had
streptococcal tonsillitis, develops increased
pressure, oliguria, oedemata on his face.
Microscopically, a renal biopsy reveals enlarged
and plethoric glomeruli whose capillaries and
mesangium are diffusely infiltrated by
neutrophils. Which of the diagnoses is the most
probable?
A. Acute
glomerulonephritis,
proliferative form B.
Subacute
glomerulonephritis
C. Acute
glomerulonephritis,
exudativeproliferative form D.
Chronic
glomerulonephritis
E. Acute
glomerulonephritis,
exudative form
streptococcal tonsillitis; enlarged and
plethoric glomeruli; capillaries and
mesangium are diffusely infiltrated by
neutrophils
E. Acute
glomerulonep
hritis,
exudative
form
343.
An autopsy of a male, who died from renal
insufficiency, revealed that his kidneys were
enlarged and flaccid, their cortical layer was
yellow-grey and had some red specks. On
microscopic examination of a biopsy it was found
that the epithelium in the glomerular capsules
proliferated with formation of “crescents”, the
capillary loops were necrotized and contained
fibrin thrombi in their lumens. Which of the
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
A.
Acute
glomerulonephritis
B.
Lipoid
nephrosis C. Chronic
glomerulonephritis D.
Amyloid shrunk
kidneys E.
Subacute
glomerulonephritis
kidneys enlarged and flaccid; cortical
layer was yellow-grey and had some red
specks; glomerular capsules formed
“crescents”; capillary loops necrotized
and contain fibrin thrombi
E. Subacute
glomerulonep
hritis
344.
345.
346.
An autopsy of a 45-year-old male, who died from
renal insufficiency, revealed that the kidneys were A. Chronic
reduced in size, dense, waxy and had a great
glomerulonephritis B.
number of retractions on their surface.
Subacute
Microscopically, many glomeruli were substituted glomerulonephritis
for some Congo red-positive substance, while in C. Lipoid nephrosis
others this substance was present in the basal
D. Acute
membranes of the capillaries, in the mesangium, glomerulonephritis E.
as well as in the walls of the arteries and the
Amyloid shrunk
stroma. Which of the diagnoses listed below was kidneys
the most probable?
A.
Primary
A 60-year-old male patient was suffering from
chronic tibial osteomyelitis during 10 years. Three amyloidosis
Senile
years ago he developed the nephrotic syndrome. B.
His death was caused by uraemia. On autopsy, the amyloidosis
Periodic disease
kidneys were moderately reduced in size, white, C.
D. Acute
dense and had some cicatrices in their cortical
glomerulonephritis E.
layer. Indicate the renal pathology which
Secondary
developed.
amyloidosis
A 23-year-old male patient acutely fell ill after
supercooling. An increased blood pressure,
A. Chronic
haematuria and oedemata on his face were
glomerulonephritis B.
observed. The treatment was not effective. Six
Acute
months later he died from uraemia. On autopsy, glomerulonephritis
the kidneys were enlarged, flaccid, their cortical C. Acute
layer was yellow-grey, dim, with some red specks, pyelonephritis
broad, oedematous and well delimited from the
D. Amyloid shrunk
dark red medullary substance. Microscopically, kidneys E.
Subacute
there was proliferation of the epithelium of the
glomerulonephritis
glomeruli, podocytes and macrophages with
formation of “crescents”. Make a diagnosis.
renal insufficiency; kidneys reduced,
dense, waxy, retractions on surface;
Congo red-positive substance in all
kidneys components
E. Amyloid
shrunk
kidneys
long period of chronic osteomyelitis;
E. Secondary
nephrotic syndrome; kidneys moderately
amyloidosis
reduced in size, white, dense
kidneys enlarged, flaccid; cortical layer
yellow-grey, dim, with some red specks,
broad, oedematous and well delimited
E. Subacute
from the dark red medullary substance; glomerulonep
proliferation of the epithelium, glomeruli, hritis
podocytes and macrophages with
formation of “crescents”
347.
348.
349.
In a 52-year-old female patient, whose case
history had arterial hypertension, phenomena of
uraemia and oedemata of her face began to
develop during the past year. A renal biopsy
revealed a diffuse affection of all the studied
glomeruli, whose main part had signs of focal and
total sclerosis and hyalinosis, and only in solitary
intact glomeruli there was dilation of the
mesangium with proliferation of the mesangial
cells. Diagnose the kind of glomerulonephritis.
An autopsy of a 62-year-old male patient revealed
that his skin was grey-sallow with microfocal
haemorrhages, his face was as if covered with
some whitish powder, the patient had fibrinoushaemorrhagic laryngitis, tracheitis, fibrinous
pericarditis, gastritis, enterocolitis. What
syndrome is characterized by this complex of
morphological changes?
An autopsy of a male patient, who suffered from
hypertensive disease and died of an intracerebral
haemorrhage, revealed small dense kidneys with a
fine-grained surface, the parenchyma and cortical
substance were atrophic. Indicate the kind of
changes in the kidneys.
A. Chronic mesangial
proliferative B.
Subacute
history had arterial hypertension; diffuse
extracapillary
affection of glomeruli with focal and total E. Chronic
C. Acute intracapillary
fibroplastic
D. Chronic mesangial
sclerosis and hyalinosis
capillary
E. Chronic fibroplastic
A. Cushing’s
B.
Acute renal
failure C. Chronic
cardiac insufficiency
D. Chronic hepatic
insufficiency E.
Chronic renal
insufficiency
skin grey-sallow with microfocal
haemorrhages; some whitish powder on E. Chronic
face; fibrinous-haemorrhagic laryngitis, renal
tracheitis, fibrinous pericarditis, gastritis, insufficiency
enterocolitis
A. Secondary shrunk
B. Pyelonephritic
hypertensive disease; small dense kidneys
E. Primary
C. Amyloid shrunk
with fine-grained surface; parenchyma
shrunk
D. Nephritic
and cortical substance were atrophic
E. Primary shrunk
350.
351.
352.
A. Acute
glomerulonephritis
A 30-year-old male patient was hospitalized
B. Lupus
complaining of a headache and faints. During the
erythematosus
previous year, high indices of blood pressure were
glomerulonephritis
observed. A renal biopsy revealed an
C. Membranous
extracapillary proliferation of the epithelium of
nephropathy D.
the glomerular capsule with formation of
Chronic
“crescents”. What disease is characterized by such
glomerulonephritis
signs?
E. Subacute
glomerulonephritis
A 63-year-old male patient, who was suffering
from infectious polyarthritis for a long period of A. Chronic
time, died under the phenomena of renal
glomerulonephritis
insufficiency. Macroscopically, his kidneys were B. Nephrosclerosis
significantly enlarged, dense and waxy. A
C. Nephrotic
histological examination of the kidneys revealed syndrome D.
sclerosis of the intermedial region and malpighian Chronic
pyelonephritis
pyramids, a large number of lipids and much
congophilic substance in the stroma of the tubules. E. Amyloid shrunk
What pathological process complicated the course kidneys
of infectious polyarthritis?
Soon after she had acute pharyngitis, a 3-year-old
girl developed diffuse oedemata (anasarca),
massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and
hyperlipidaemia which were controlled by
corticosteroid preparations. An electron
microscopy of a renal biopsy revealed absence of
small processes of the podocytes. What was the
most probable diagnosis?
A. Subacute
glomerulonephritis
B. Acute
glomerulonephritis
C. Focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis
D. Membranous
nephropathy E.
Lipoid nephrosis
E. Subacute
extracapillary proliferation of the
glomerulonep
epithelium with formation of “crescents”
hritis
long period infectious polyarthritis;
kidneys significantly enlarged, dense and
E. Amyloid
waxy; sclerosis of the intermedial region
shrunk
and malpighian pyramids; much
kidneys
congophilic substance in stroma of
tubules
absence of small processes of podocytes
E. Lipoid
nephrosis
353.
Fourteen days following angina, a 15-year-old
child developed oedemata on the face and an
increased blood pressure, the urine resembled
“broth slops”. An immunohistological
examination of a renal biopsy revealed deposition
of immune complexes on the basal membranes of
the tubules and in the glomerular mesangium.
What disease developed in the patient?
A. Lipoid nephrosis B.
Acute pyelonephritis
face oedemata; increased blood pressure;
C. Necrotic nephrosis
E. Acute
urine - “broth slops”; deposition of
D. Subacute
glomerulonep
immune complexes on the basal
glomerulonephritis E.
hritis
membranes of the tubules and in the
Acute
glomerular mesangium
glomerulonephritis
354.
A microscopic examination of a renal biopsy
revealed proliferation of the nephrothelium of the
Bowman’s capsule, podocytes and macrophages
with formation of “crescent” structures which
squeezed the glomeruli. The glomerular
capillaries were characterized by necrosis, some
of them by sclerosis or hyalinization. An oedema
and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the renal
stroma were observed. Name the renal pathology.
A. Chronic
glomerulonephritis B.
Chronic
pyelonephritis
C. Tubulointerstitial
nephritis
D. Acute
glomerulonephritis E.
Subacute
glomerulonephritis
Bowman’s capsule nephrothelium
proliferation; podocytes and macrophages E. Subacute
with formation of “crescent” structures
glomerulonep
which squeezed the glomeruli; necrosis, hritis
sclerosis and hyalinization
355.
A.
Chronic
On macroscopic examination, the kidneys are
glomerulonephritis
enlarged and motley because of alternation of
Necronephrosis
light areas with foci of petechial haemorrhages, B.
C. Acute
their surface is smooth. Microscopically, some
vascular loops of the glomeruli were in the state of glomerulonephritis
D. Lipoid nephrosis
fibrinoid necrosis, the basal membranes of the
capillaries were thickened and appeared like “wire E. Lupus
loops”, the lumens of some capillaries contained erythematosus
nephritis
hyaline thrombi. Make a diagnosis.
kidneys enlarged and motley; alternation
of light areas with petechial
E. Lupus
haemorrhages, surface is smooth;
erythematosus
glomeruli with fibrinoid necrosis, basal
nephritis
membranes formed “wire loops”, hyaline
thrombi
356.
357.
A.
Chronic
A 12-year-old boy, who had had streptococcal
tonsillitis before, developed oliguria, an increased mesangial
blood pressure and oedemata in the facial region. proliferative
Chronic
A renal biopsy revealed diffuse affection of all the B.
mesangial capillary C.
glomeruli studied: hyperaemia, solitary fibrin
Chronic fibroplastic
microthrombi in the lumens of the capillaries,
dilation of the mesangium and its infiltration by D. Subacute
extracapillary E.
segmented leukocytes. Indicate the kind of
Acute exudative
glomerulonephritis.
A 29-year-old male was admitted to a
nephrological department complaining of
oedemata, headache, vomiting and nausea. His
A. Amyloid
death was caused by uraemia. On autopsy, his
shrunk kidneys B.
Chronic
kidneys were significantly reduced in size and
dense, their capsule was removed with difficulty pyelonephritis
exposing a fine-grained surface, the cortical layer C. Necrotic nephrosis
was thinned on section. A microscopic
D. Fulminating
examination of a renal biopsy revealed that most glomerulonephritis E.
of the glomeruli were scleroid, some of them were Chronic
characterized by dilation of the mesangium and glomerulonephritis
proliferation of the mesangial cells. What disease
should be suspected?
streptococcal tonsillitis; diffuse affection
of glomeruli: hyperaemia, solitary fibrin
E. Acute
microthrombi in capillaries, dilation of the
exudative
mesangium and its infiltration by
segmented leukocytes
uraemia; kidneys significantly reduced in
size and dense, their capsule was removed
with difficulty exposing a fine-grained
E. Chronic
surface, the cortical layer was thinned on
glomerulonep
section; most glomeruli were scleroid;
hritis
some characterized by dilation of the
mesangium and proliferation of the
mesangial cells
358.
359.
On autopsy of a male, who suffered from
hypertensive disease during his lifetime, the
kidneys were reduced in size and dense, their
A. Amyloid shrunk
capsule was removed with difficulty, and the
kidneys
surface was fine-grained. On section, there was an
B.
Secondary
atrophy of the renal parenchyma, particularly that
shrunk kidneys
of the cortical layer, the blood vessels were in the
C.
Fulminating
form of thick tubules which did not collapse. A
glomerulonephritis D.
histological examination revealed hyalinosis and Chronic
sclerosis of small arteries, hyalinosis and sclerosis glomerulonephritis E.
of the larger part of the glomeruli, a reduced
Primary shrunk
number of tubules, a vegetation of the connective kidneys
tissue in the stroma. Some glomeruli were
characterized by compensatory hypertrophy and
their tubules were dilated. What is your diagnosis?
On autopsy of a 32-year-old female, who died
from renal insufficiency, it was found that the
A. Acute
kidneys were enlarged and flaccid, their capsule productive
was easily removed exposing a motley surface.
glomerulonephritis
On section, the cortical layer was oedematous and B.
Acute
definitely delimited from the medullary one. A
tubulopathy C. Acute
tubulointerstitial
histological examination revealed an expressed
nephritis
plethora of vessels, enlarged and oedematous
D. Acute fibrinous
glomeruli, with clusters of erythrocytes and
accumulation of some serous fluid in the lumen of glomerulonephritis
E. Acute
the Bowman’s capsule. Some vascular loops of
haemorrhagic
the glomeruli were necrotized. An expressed
glomerulonephritis
peritubular and periglomerular lymphoidocytic
infiltration was observed. What is your diagnosis?
kidneys were reduced in size and dense,
their capsule was removed with difficulty,
and the surface was fine-grained; atrophy
E. Primary
of parenchyma, particularly in cortical
shrunk
layer, the blood vessels were in form of
kidneys
thick tubules; hyalinosis and sclerosis of
small arteries and glomeruli; connective
tissue proliferation
kidneys enlarged and flaccid; capsule
easily removed exposing a motley
surface; cortical layer edematous and
definitely delimited; expressed plethora of E. Acute
haemorrhagic
vessels, enlarged and oedematous
glomeruli, with clusters of erythrocytes glomerulonep
and accumulation of some serous fluid in hritis
the lumen of the Bowman’s capsule;
expressed peritubular and periglomerular
lymphoidocytic infiltration
360.
361.
An autopsy of a 70-year-old female, who died
from renal insufficiency, revealed dense kidneys
which were reduced in size (each weighing 90 g). A. Atherosclerotic
Their fibrous capsule was removed with
nephrosclerosis B.
difficulty, exposing a rough-grained surface; on Chronic
section, the cortical substance was thinned, the
glomerulonephritis C.
tissue was dim. Histologically, some glomeruli
Acute
developed a proliferation of the epithelium in the glomerulonephritis
D. Arterial
Bowman’s capsule with crescent formations,
nephrosclerosis E.
while other glomeruli were characterized by
Subacute
hyalinization. The stroma contained some
lymphoid infiltrates, the vascular walls were
glomerulonephritis
thickened, their lumens were narrowed. What is
your diagnosis?
On autopsy of a female, who was suffering from A. Chronic
bronchiectatic disease during 15 years and died of glomerulonephritis B.
renal insufficiency, it was found that the kidneys Subacute
were reduced in size, dense and “sebaceous” by glomerulonephritis C.
Chronic
appearance, their surface was fine-grained.
Microscopically, the glomeruli were atrophied and
substituted for a connective tissue. There was
tubulointerstitial
accumulation of congophilic masses under the
nephritis
intima and adventitia of the vessels, as well as in D. Malignant
the basal membranes of the tubules and in the
nephrosclerosis E.
renal stroma. Which of the diagnoses listed below Amyloid shrunk
was the most probable?
kidneys
renal insufficiency; dense reduced
kidneys; capsule difficulty removed;
cortex thinned, tissue are dim;
proliferation of epithelium in the
Bowman’s capsule with crescent
formations; hyalinization
E. Subacute
glomerulonep
hritis
bronchiectatic disease during 15 years;
renal insufficiency; kidneys were reduced
E. Amyloid
in size, dense and “sebaceous”, surface
shrunk
was fine-grained; accumulation of
kidneys
congophilic masses in all kidney
structures
362.
363.
Urinalyses of a 44-year-old male patient, who
suffers from a chronic renal disease, demonstrate
persistent proteinuria. A microscopic examination
of a renal biopsy reveals some diffuse and even
thickening of the basal membranes in the
glomerular capillaries with formation of their
processes in the direction of the podocytes (“small
thorns”); the proliferation of the mesangiocytes
was absent or poorly expressed; there were small
foci of sclerosis in the cortical layer and a fatty
degeneration of the epithelium of the proximal
tubules. Make a diagnosis.
A. Mesangial
capillary
glomerulonephritis B.
Mesangial
proliferative
glomerulonephritis C.
Lipoid nephrosis D.
Focal segmental
glomerular sclerosis
E. Membranous
glomerulonephritis
A. Mesangial
proliferative
glomerulonephritis B.
A microscopic examination of a renal biopsy
Membranous
revealed an expressed proliferation of the
mesangial cells with expulsion of their processes glomerulonephritis C.
to the periphery of the capillary loops (mesangial Mesangial
interposition), a diffuse thickening and doubling glomerulonephritis D.
of the basal membranes in the capillaries, and an Acute intracapillary
glomerulonephritis E.
accumulation of the mesangial matrix. Indicate
Mesangial capillary
the diagnosis which was the most probable.
glomerulonephritis
chronic renal disease; persistent
proteinuria; diffuse and even thickening
of the basal membranes; formation of
their processes in the direction of the
podocytes (“small thorns”)
expressed proliferation of the mesangial
cells with expulsion of their processes to
the periphery of the capillary loops
(mesangial interposition); diffuse
thickening and doubling of basal
membranes; accumulation of mesangial
matrix
E.
Membranous
glomerulonep
hritis
E. Mesangial
capillary
glomerulonep
hritis
364.
365.
A 38-year-old male patient complained of
dyspnoea, a cough with production of a large
amount of sputum, an elevated body
temperature up to 38°C, and a reduced
A. Fibrinoushaemorrhagic
urination. An X-ray examination revealed
pneumonia
some focal shadow in the lungs, an increased
B.
Influenza with
amount of urea and uric acid in the blood.
pneumonic complications C.
The urine was characterized by its low
Chronic
specific weight, presence of proteinuria and
glomerulonephritis D. Chronic
casts. The patient died two weeks later. On
destructive bronchitis
autopsy, fibrinous-necrotic
E. Chronic renal insufficiency
laryngotracheobronchitis, fibrinoushaemorrhagic pneumonia and contracted
kidneys were found. Which of the diagnoses
listed below was the most probable?
An electron microscopy of a renal biopsy of a
10year-old boy with expressed oedemata and
proteinuria revealed absence of small
A. Subacute
processes of the podocytes in the glomeruli,
glomerulonephritis B. Acute
the basal membranes of the capillaries were
glomerulonephritis C.
thickened, the mesangium was insignificantly
Membranous
dilated. The lumens of dilated proximal
glomerulonephritis D.
tubules contained hyaline and granular casts,
Mesangial capillary
the epithelium of the tubules had phenomena
glomerulonephritis E. Lipoid
of hyaline-drop, hydropic and fatty
nephrosis
degeneration. The interstice contained a lot of
lipids and lipophages. Which of the diagnoses
listed below was the most probable?
increased amount of urea and uric acid
in blood; proteinuria and casts;
E. Chronic
fibrinousnecrotic
renal
laryngotracheobronchitis, fibrinousinsufficiency
haemorrhagic pneumonia, contracted
kidneys
absence of small processes of
podocytes; basal membranes thickened;
hyaline and granular casts; hyalineE. Lipoid
drop, hydropic and fatty degeneration; nephrosis
a lot of lipids and lipophages in
interstice
366.
367.
368.
An autopsy of a 60-year-old female, who had
suffered from bronchiectatic disease for 15 years
and died of renal insufficiency, revealed that the
kidneys were reduced in size, dense and
“sebaceous” by appearance, their surface was
fine-grained. Microscopically, the glomeruli were
atrophied and substituted for a connective tissue.
There was accumulation of congophilic masses
under the intima and adventitia of the vessels, as
well in the basal membranes of the tubules and in
the renal stroma. Name the most probable
diagnosis.
Three weeks following a severe supercooling, a
young male developed an elevated body
temperature, a pain in his lumbar region,
oedemata, proteinuria and haematuria. A renal
biopsy demonstrated enlargement of the
glomeruli, a plethora of their capillaries, some
eosinophilic fluid, fibrin and erythrocytes in the
cavity of the Bowman’s capsule, the mesangium
was infiltrated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
What diagnosis was the most probable?
A. Lipoid
nephrosis B.
Chronic
pyelonephritis C.
Chronic
tubulointerstitial
nephritis
D. Postnecrotic
nephrosclerosis E.
Amyloid shrunk
kidneys
bronchiectatic disease during 15 years;
renal insufficiency; kidneys were reduced
E. Amyloid
in size, dense and “sebaceous”, surface
shrunk
was fine-grained; accumulation of
kidneys
congophilic masses in all kidney
structures
A. Subacute
glomerulonephritis B.
Acute renal failure C.
Acute productive
glomerulonephritis
D. Acute
pyelonephritis
E. Acute exudative
glomerulonephritis
enlargement of glomeruli; plethora of
capillaries, some eosinophilic fluid, fibrin
and erythrocytes in the cavity of
Bowman’s capsule; polymorphonuclear
leukocytes in mesangium
A. Acute
Poststreptococcal
In a 25 year-old female patient with severe
glomerulonephritis B.
edemas, hyperproteinuria, hyperlipidemia the
Crescentic
biopsy of kidney established: well-developed
thickening of the glomerular capillary wall with glomerulonephritis C.
Chronic
the presence of electron-dense
glomerulonephritis D.
immunoglobulincontaining deposits along the
Acute
epithelial surface of the basement membrane.
Epithelial cells lost their foot processes. Described pyelonephritis E.
Membranous
changes are characteristic for…
glomerulonephritis
E. Acute
exudative
glomerulonep
hritis
well-developed thickening of glomerular
E.
wall; electron-dense
Membranous
immunoglobulincontaining deposits along
glomerulonep
the epithelial surface of basement
hritis
membrane
369.
370.
371.
A. Membranous
glomerulonephritis
A 12-year-old child has developed nephritic
B. Chronic
syndrome (proteinuria, hematuria, cylindruria)
glomerulonephritis
after angina of 2 weeks ago. In a biopsy of kidney
C. Acute necrotic
it was established: diffuse proliferation of
nephrosis D.
endothelial and mesangial, epithelial cells in
Crescentic
glomeruli, infiltration with leukocytes, both
glomerulonephritis
neutrophils and monocytes, interstitial edema.
E. Acute
Described changes are characteristic for…
poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis
A 55 year-old man has died after chronic
A. Hypolipidemia
glomerulonephritis, chronic renal insufficiency. In
B.
Hyperlipidemia
the autopsy the pathologist has found out
C. Arterial
characteristic changes in kidneys for this disease,
hypertension
also fibrinous pericarditis, pleuritis and bronchitis.
D. Arterial plethora
Call the cause of the fibrinous inflammation in
E. Uremia
serosal and mucosal layers.
For a long time a 49-year-old woman was
suffering from glomerulonephritis which caused
death.On autopsy it was revealed that kidneys size A. Thrombopenia
was 7x3x2.5 sm, weight is 65,0 g, they are dence B. Anemia
and small-grained. Microscopically: fibrinogenous C. Sepsis
inflammation of serous and mucous capsules,
D. DIC-syndrome
dystrophic changes of parenchymatous organs,
E. Uremia
brain edema. What complication can cause such
changes of serous capsules and inner organs?
after angina; diffuse proliferation of
endothelial and mesangial, epithelial cells
in glomeruli, infiltration with leukocytes,
both neutrophils and monocytes,
interstitial edema
E. Acute
poststreptococ
cal
glomerulonep
hritis
chronic renal insufficiency; fibrinous
E. Uremia
pericarditis, pleuritis and bronchitis
kidneys reduced in size, dence and
smallgrained; fibrinogenous
inflammation; dystrophic changes of
parenchymatous organs, brain edema
E. Uremia
372.
373.
374.
During autopsy of the body of patient suffered
with chronic glomerulonephritis the following
A. Polycystic kidney
changes have been found: the kidneys have been B. Infarction of the
diminished in size, densed with small grained
kidney
section surface; the fibrinous inflammation of
C. Necrotic nephrosis
serosal and mucosal membranes has taken place D. Pyelonephritis
as edema of the brain as well. Call macroscopical E. Nephrosclerosis
changes in kidneys.
In 53 year-old patient, who has suffered by
bronchoectatic disease and hemoptysis, the edema
of face and waist have appeared. The protein (33
A. Fatty
mg/l) was found in urine. Pulmonary hemorrhage
degeneration B.
was the cause of patient’s death. In autopsy:
Mucoid degeneration
enlargement of kidneys was found; the kidneys
C. Grainish
were dense with lardaceous surface of section.
degeneration D.
Histologically: the deposition of homogenous
Hyalinosis
eosinophilic masses colored with Congo red and
E. Amyloidosis
given of metachromasia with methyl-violet color
in glomeruli and canals were found. What
pathological process took place in the patient?
A male patient died under the phenomena of
A. Acute
azotemic uraemia. On autopsy, the kidneys were
glomerulonephritis
enlarged, swollen, plethoric, the capsule was
B. Amyloid
easily removed. The cavities of the pelves and
shrunk kidneys C.
calyces were dilated and filled with dim urine and
Chronic
pus, their mucous membrane was dim, with foci of
pyelonephritis D.
haemorrhages. On section, the tissue was motley,
Chronic
its yellow-grey areas were surrounded by the
glomerulonephritis
region of a plethora and haemorrhages. What
E. Acute
disease did this macroscopic appearance of the
pyelonephritis
kidneys correspond to?
chronic glomerulonephritis; kidneys
diminished, densed with small grained
E.
section surface; fibrinous inflammation of Nephroscleros
all serosal and mucosal membranes; brain is
edema
bronchoectatic disease and hemoptysis;
kidneys enlargement, dense with
lardaceous surface; deposition of
E.
homogenous eosinophilic masses colored Amyloidosis
with Congo red; metachromasia with
methyl-violet color
kidneys enlarged, swollen, plethoric,
capsule easily removed; cavities dilated;
dim urine and pus; mucosa dim;
E. Acute
haemorrhages; tissue motley: yellowgrey pyelonephritis
areas surrounded by plethora and
haemorrhages
375.
376.
A 45-year-old male, who was treated for a cold
with large doses of paracetamol, developed
symptoms of oliguria and azotemia. Five days
later he died under the phenomena of acute renal
failure. A histological examination of his kidneys
revealed a diffuse oedema of the interstitial tissue
in the cortical layer of the kidneys, its infiltration
by lymphocytes, eosinophils, solitary neutrophils,
a destruction of the epithelial tubules; there were
almost no changes in the glomeruli. Indicate the
most probable disease.
A 42-year-old male, who was ill with a severe
form of typhoid fever, developed acute renal
failure which caused his death. On autopsy, the
kidneys were enlarged, oedematous, their fibrous
capsule was easily removed; on section, the
cortical substance was pale grey, the malpighian
pyramids were dark red. A histological
examination revealed that the lumens in the most
of the tubules were narrowed, the epithelial cells
were enlarged and had no nuclei; the glomeruli
were collapsed; the stroma was characterized by
an oedema, some leukocytic infiltration and small
haemorrhages. Indicate the renal pathology which
caused the patient’s death.
A. Acute
glomerulonephritis
B. Nephrotic
syndrome C. Acute
pyelonephritis D.
Necronephrosis E.
Tubulointerstitial
nephritis
diffuse oedema of interstitial tissue of
cortex with infiltration by lymphocytes,
eosinophils, solitary neutrophils;
destruction of the epithelial tubules; no
pathology in glomeruli
A. Nephrotic
syndrome B.
Acute
glomerulonephritis
C. Pyonephrosis
D. Acute
pyelonephritis E.
Necronephrosis
severe form of typhoid fever; kidneys
enlarged, oedematous, capsule easily
removed; cortex pale grey, pyramids dark
E.
red; lumens of most tubules narrowed;
Necronephrosi
epithelium enlarged and lost nuclei;
s
glomeruli were collapsed; stroma oedema,
some leukocytic infiltration and small
haemorrhages
E.
Tubulointersti
tial nephritis
377.
378.
379.
On autopsy of a 56-year-old female, who died
from renal insufficiency, the kidneys were
unevenly reduced in size and their surface had A. Acute
large tuberous; on section, the pelves were
glomerulonephritis B.
kidneys unevenly reduced in size with
dilated, their walls were thickened; the areas of a Tubulointerstitial
had large tuberous surface; pelves
cicatricial tissue alternated with an intact
nephritis C. Acute
dilated with thickened walls; cicatricial E. Chronic
parenchyma. Microscopically, there were
pyelonephritis D.
tissue; sclerosis and a
pyelonephritis
phenomena of sclerosis and a
Chronic
lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in pelves,
lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the walls of the glomerulonephritis E.
calyces and in the interstice
pelves, calyces and in the interstice. Which of
Chronic pyelonephritis
the diagnoses listed below was the most
probable?
In a 68-year-old male patient, a haemorrhage
A. Glomerulonecrosis B.
from his varicous veins resulted in a significant
Paraproteinaemic
blood loss. In spite of making up the blood loss,
necrosis
the postoperative period was characterized by a
significant blood loss; persistent anuria; E. Necrotic
C. Glomerulosclerosis
persistent anuria and the patient died on the 5th
“shock” kidneys
nephrosis
D. Fibrinoid
day. On autopsy, the kidneys appeared like
arteriolonecrosis E.
“shock” ones. Name the morphological
Necrotic nephrosis
equivalent of acute renal failure.
A 49-year-old male patient was hospitalized for
pains in his lumbar region. A supersonic
examination revealed calculi in a sharply dilated
calculi in sharply dilated renal pelvis and
renal pelvis and calyces of the right kidney.
calyces; kidney was sharply enlarged,
Nephrectomy was made. On morphological
A.
Pyonephrosis
parenchyma atrophied, calyces and
examination, the kidney was sharply enlarged, its B.
Pyelonephritis
E.
pelves significantly dilated and filled
parenchyma was atrophied, the calyces and
C.
Glomerulonephritis
Hydronephros
yellowish transparent fluid; diffuse
pelves were significantly dilated and filled with D. Chronic paranephritis
is
sclerosis, glomeruli and tubules
some yellowish transparent fluid.
E. Hydronephrosis
atrophied, cystic
Microscopically, there was diffuse sclerosis, the
dilations of intact tubules
glomeruli and tubules were atrophied, the intact
tubules had cystic dilations. What complication
of nephrolithiasis developed in the patient?
380.
381.
An autopsy of a 55-year-old male patient, who
died from renal insufficiency, revealed enlarged
plethoric kidneys. The cavities of the pelves and
calyces were dilated and filled with turbid urine,
their mucous membrane was dim and had foci of A. Interstitial
haemorrhages. On histological examination, the nephritis B. Chronic
pyelonephritis C.
interstitial tissue of all the renal layers was
Pyonephrosis
infiltrated by leukocytes, numerous miliary
D. Necronephrosis
abscesses were revealed. The lumens of the
tubules were obstructed with casts of desquamated E. Acute
epithelium. What disease resulted in development pyelonephritis
of renal insufficiency?
An autopsy of a male patient, who died from acute
renal failure, macroscopically revealed swelling of
the right kidney and tension of its fibrous capsule A. Restoration of
which was easily removed. Histologically, there diuresis
were expressed dystrophic and necrotic changes in B.
Shock
the tubules of the main compartments,
tubulorrhexis of the distal tubules, congestion of C.
Nephrotic
the ultrafiltrate in the glomerular capsule. What D. Azotemic
stage of acute renal failure took place?
E.
Oligoanuric
renal insufficiency; enlarged plethoric
kidneys; cavities dilated with turbid urine;
mucous membrane dim; foci of
E. Acute
haemorrhages; infiltration by leukocytes; pyelonephritis
numerous miliary abscesses; desquamated
epithelium
acute renal failure; kidney swelling;
capsule is tensed, easily removed;
expressed dystrophic and necrotic
E. Oligoanuric
changes in tubules; tubulorrhexis of distal
tubules; congestion of ultrafiltrate in
glomerular capsule
A. Chronic
tubulointerstitial
nephritis
B.
Amyloid
shrunk kidneys C.
Acute
tubulointerstitial
nephritis
D. Necronephrosis
E. Chronic
pyelonephritis
382.
On macroscopic examination of the kidneys in a
male, who died from renal insufficiency, a
pathologist found some asymmetrical
corticomedullary cicatrices and dilation of the
pelvicocaliceal system. A microscopic
examination revealed atrophic tubules which had
cyst-like dilations in some parts, were filled with
eosinophilic masses and resembled the thyroid
gland, as well as there was periglomerular
sclerosis. Make a diagnosis.
383.
A. Acute
On autopsy of a male patient, who died from
pyelonephritis B.
ethylene glycol poisoning, the kidneys were
Acute
somewhat enlarged and oedematous, their capsule glomerulonephritis C.
was easily removed, the cortical substance was
Acute
pale grey and wide, the medullary one was dark tubulointerstitial
red. Microscopically, there were diffuse necroses nephritis
of the tubules with ruptures of their basal
D. Acute
membranes. What renal pathology developed in glomerulosclerosis E.
the patient?
Necrotic nephrosis
ethylene glycol poisoning; kidneys
oedematous, capsule easily removed;
E. Necrotic
cortex pale grey and wide, the medulla
nephrosis
dark red; diffuse necroses of tubules with
ruptures of basal membranes
384.
A. Arteriolosclerotic
In a male patient, who died from chronic renal
nephrosclerosis B.
insufficiency against a background of a chronic
Atherosclerotic
renal disease, the kidneys are symmetrically
nephrosclerosis C.
reduced in size and dense in consistency, their
Amyloid shrunk
capsule is removed with difficulty exposing a
kidneys
grained surface. On section, the cortical and
D. Pyelonephritic
medullary layers are thin, the renal tissue is grey, kidneys
dry and ischaemic. Name the pathological process E.
Secondary
in the kidneys.
shrunk kidneys
chronic renal insufficiency; kidneys
reduced, dense, capsule difficulty
removed, grained surface; cortex and
pyramides thin; tissue grey, dry and
ischaemic
asymmetrical corticomedullary cicatrices;
dilation of pelvico-caliceal system;
atrophic tubules; cyst-like dilations in
E. Chronic
some parts, were filled with eosinophilic pyelonephritis
masses and resembled thyroid gland;
periglomerular sclerosis
E. Secondary
shrunk
kidneys
385.
386.
387.
A histological examination of a 56-year-old male,
who died from chronic renal insufficiency,
revealed the following changes: focal sclerosis
and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the
interstice, mucous membranes of the pelves and
calyces, a metaplasia of the transitional
epithelium into the stratified squamous one,
numerous encapsulated abscesses. The epithelium
of the tubules was in the state of dystrophy and
necrosis. The lumens of solitary tubules were
dilated and filled with some colloid contents, the
epithelium was flattened (the tissue resembled the
thyroid gland). The glomeruli were focally
scleroid. Name the pathological process.
chronic renal insufficiency; focal
sclerosis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration
A. Chronic
of interstice, pelves and calyces;
tubulointerstitial
transitional-stratified squamous
nephritis
B.
Necronephrosis metaplasia; numerous encapsulated
E. Chronic
abscesses;
dystrophy
and
necrosis
of
C. Acute
pyelonephritis
tubules;
lumens
of
some
tubules
dilated
pyelonephritis D.
and filled with colloid contents,
Chronic
epithelium was flattened (the tissue
glomerulonephritis
resembled the thyroid gland); glomeruli
E. Chronic
focally scleroid
pyelonephritis
A. Polycystic kidneys
An autopsy of a male revealed a prostatic
B. Glomerulonephritis
adenoma and large kidneys with sharply enlarged
C. Tuberculosis
pelves and calyces filled with some transparent
D. Pyelonephritis
fluid. Name the process in the kidneys.
E. Hydronephrosis
A.
An autopsy of a male, who died from chronic
Hydroureteronephrosi
renal insufficiency, enlarged kidneys with large
s
tuberous on their surface were found. On section,
B. Hydronephrosis
the kidneys revealed numerous smooth-walled
C. Pyonephrosis
cysts filled with some transparent fluid. Name the
D. Hydrocalycosis
pathological process in the kidneys.
E. Polycystic kidneys
prostatic adenoma; large kidneys with
E.
sharply enlarged pelves and calyces with Hydronephros
transparent fluid
is
chronic renal insufficiency, enlarged
kidneys with large tuberous surface;
numerous smooth-walled cysts with
transparent fluid
E. Polycystic
kidneys
388.
On autopsy of a male, who died from burn
disease, enlarged swollen kidneys were revealed;
their fibrous capsule was easily removed and
tense. On section, the cortical layer was pale grey,
wide and sharply delimited from the dark red
medullary one. Microscopically, there was
necrosis of the renal tubules, in some places with
a destruction of the basal membranes, an oedema
of the interstice, a leukocytic infiltration and
haemorrhages. Which of the diagnoses listed
below was the most probable?
389.
An autopsy of a male, who died from renal
insufficiency, revealed enlarged kidneys with a
tense fibrinous capsule which was easily removed.
The cortical layer was pale grey, the malpighian A. Acute
renal insufficiency; enlarged kidneys;
pyramids were dark red; there were microfocal
glomerulonephritis
tense capsule easily removed; cortex pale
haemorrhages in the intermediary area of the
B.
grey, pyramids dark red; microfocal
kidneys and in the renal pelves. A histological
Necronephrosis,
haemorrhages; dystrophy and necrosis in
examination revealed dystrophy and necrosis in the shock stage C.
epithelium of convoluted tubules, basal
the epithelium of the convoluted tubules, in some Acute
membranes destruction mostly in distal
places with a destruction of the basal membranes pyelonephritis
tubules (tubulorrhexis); casts in lumens of
mostly in the distal tubules (tubulorrhexis), there D. Necronephrosis,
were casts in the lumens of the tubules at different the stage of restoration
tubules; leukocytic infiltration and
of diuresis
levels of the nephrones, an oedema of the
E.
Necronephrosis, haemorrhages; lumens of glomerular
interstice with its leukocytic infiltration and
the oligoanuric stage capsules accumulated ultrafiltrate
haemorrhages. The lumens of the glomerular
capsules had an accumulation of the ultrafiltrate.
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most
probable?
A. Acute
pyelonephritis B.
Acute
tubulointerstitial
nephritis C. Chronic
tubulopathy D.
Chronic
pyelonephritis E.
Acute tubulopathy
burn disease; enlarged swollen kidneys;
capsule was easily removed and tense;
cortex pale grey, wide, sharply delimited
E. Acute
from dark red medullary one; tubules
tubulopathy
necrosis; destruction of basal membranes;
oedema of interstice with leukocytic
infiltration and haemorrhages
E.
Necronephrosi
s, the
oligoanuric
stage
390.
An autopsy of a 55-year-old female, who died
from uraemia, revealed that her kidneys were
A. Diabetic
unevenly reduced in size, had a dense consistency,
nephrosclerosis B.
large tubera on their surface and whitish cicatrices
Acute
in the cortical layer. On section, the renal pelves
glomerulonephritis
were dilated, their mucous membrane was whitish
C. Primary shrunk
and thickened. Microscopically, the renal
kidneys
interstice was characterized by a focal
D. Amyloid shrunk
inflammation, an atrophy and sclerosis of the
kidneys
renal tissue; the tubules were dilated and had
E.
Pyelonephritic
hyaline casts in their lumens. The arteries and
kidneys
veins were scleroid. Which of the pathological
processes in the kidneys was the most probable?
kidneys reduced, dense consistency; large
tubera on their surface; whitish cicatrices
in cortex; pelves dilated, mucosa whitish, E.
thickened; focal inflammation; atrophy
Pyelonephritic
and sclerosis; tubules dilated with hyaline kidneys
casts in lumens; arteries and veins were
scleroid
391.
An autopsy of a male with a syndrome of
A. Acute
prolonged compression revealed enlarged swollen
pyelonephritis B.
kidneys whose fibrous capsule was easily
Acute
removed exposing a pale grey cortical layer
glomerulonephritis
sharply delimited from dark red malpighian
C.
pyramids. Histologically, there was necrosis in the
Tubulointerstitial
epithelium of the tubules with phenomena of
nephritis
tubulorrhexis, an obstruction of the tubules with
D.
Haemolytic
detritus and crystals of myoglobin, an oedema of
kidneys
the interstice and its infiltration by heterophilic
E.
Acute renal
leukocytes. Which of the diagnoses was the most
failure
probable?
syndrome of prolonged compression;
enlarged swollen kidneys; capsule easily
removed; pale grey cortical layer sharply
delimited from dark red pyramids;
E. Acute renal
necrosis in epithelium of tubules with
failure
tubulorrhexis; obstruction of tubules with
detritus and crystals of myoglobin;
oedema and infiltration by heterophilic
leukocytes
392.
393.
394.
On autopsy of a female, who died from uraemia, it
was found that her kidneys differed in size and
their surface had large tubera; there were dense
A. Chronic
adhesions between the renal surface and capsule. glomerulonephritis
Microscopically, the renal tissue had foci of the B. Acute
following changes: numerous encapsulated
pyelonephritis C.
abscesses, an expressed lymphohistiocytic
Acute
infiltration of the interstice and a vegetation of the glomerulonephritis
connective tissue. The mucous membrane of the D. Tubulointerstitial
nephritis E.
pelves had foci of metaplasia of the transitional
Chronic
epithelium into the stratified one. The tubules
were partly atrophied, partly stretched and filled pyelonephritis
with some colloid-like contents. Which of the
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
A patient suffered with urolithiasis has died as a A.
Replacement
result uremia. Autopsy has showed an
enlargement of right kidney, its parenchyma has hypertrophy B.
Hyperplasia C.
been thinned; the pelvis and calices have been
extended, filled with fluid. In the orifice of ureter Neoplasm of
kidney
there has been a calculus. Call the pathologic
D. Pyelonephritis
process in the right kidney.
E. Hydronephrosis
A 4 year-old child has died because of an uremia.
In autopsy the pathologist has found out: the
kidneys have been increased and consisted of
large multiple cavities with thin walls contained
fluid. Call this pathological process in kidneys.
kidneys with large tubera surface; dense
adhesions between renal surface and
capsule; numerous encapsulated
abscesses; expressed lymphohistiocytic E. Chronic
infiltration; many connective tissue;
pyelonephritis
metaplasia of epithelium; tubules partly
atrophied, partly stretched and filled with
some colloid-like contents
urolithiasis; enlargement of kidney;
parenchyma thinned; pelvis and calices
extended, filled with fluid; orifice of
ureter blocked by calculus
E.
Hydronephros
is
A. Necrotic nephrosis
B. Pyelonephritis
kidneys increased, consisted of large
C. Glomerulonephritis multiple cavities with thin walls contained E. Policystosis
D. Infarction
fluid
E. Policystosis
395.
396.
397.
On autopsy it is revealed that kidneys are
A. Infarction
enlarged, surface is large-granular because of
B. Necrotic nephrosis
multiple cavities with smooth wall, which are
C. Glomerulonephritis
filled with clear fluid. What kidney disease did the D. Pyelonephritis
patient have?
E. Polycystic kidney
Autopsy of a man who died from burn disease
revealed brain edema, liver enlargement as well as
enlargement of kidneys with wide light-grey
A. Myeloma kidney
cortical layer and plethoric medullary
B. Tubulointerstitial
area.Microscopic examination revealed necrosis nephritis
of tubules of main segments along with
C. Pyelonephritis
destruction of basal membranes, intersticium
D. Gouty kidney
edema with leukocytic infiltration and
E. Necrotic nephrosis
haemorrhages. What is the most probable
postmortem diagnosis?
A 39-year-old female with a clinical picture of
acute abdomen underwent surgical removal of an
enlarged uterine tube. On examination, the serous
A. Placental polyp
coat of the uterine tube was dark purple, the
B. Choriocarcinoma
lumen contained some blood clots. A histological
C. Haematosalpinx
examination of the wall of the tube revealed that
D. Salpingitis
the mucous membrane had layers of the decidual
E. Tubal pregnancy
cells, and there were villi of the chorion among
the blood clots. What is the most probable
diagnosis?
kidneys enlarged, surface large-granular
E. Polycystic
because of multiple cavities with smooth
kidney
wall, filled with clear fluid
burn disease; enlargement kidneys; wide
light-grey cortical layer and plethoric
medullary area; necrosis of tubules of
E. Necrotic
main segments; destruction of basal
nephrosis
membranes, intersticium edema with
leukocytic infiltration and haemorrhages
acute abdomen; serous coat of uterine
tube was dark purple; lumen contained
some blood clots; decidual cells; villi of
chorion among the blood clots
E. Tubal
pregnancy
398.
399.
400.
A.
Atypical
hyperplasia of
A histological examination of a scrape from the endometrium
B.
Glandular
uterine cavity of a 45-year-old woman with
polyp of endometrium
clinical manifestations of a disordered
ovariomenstrual cycle revealed that the number of C. Glandular
the endometrial glands was increased, the lumens hyperplasia of
endometrium D.
in some of them were significantly dilated and
Endometrial
rounded, the epithelium of the glands had
morphological signs of the phase of proliferation. adenocarcinoma E.
Glandulocystic
What is your diagnosis?
hyperplasia of
endometrium
On gynaecological examination, a red area, 0.7 cm A. Simple
in diameter, was found in the vaginal portion of endocervicosis
the uterine cervix. A histological examination of a B. Adenosis C.
biopsy from the uterine cervix revealed that the
Papillary
squamous epithelium was substituted for the
endocervicosis
columnar one, as well as accumulation and new D. Healing
formation of glands under the integmentary
endocervicosis
epithelium were observed. What is your
E. Proliferative
diagnosis?
endocervicosis
Microscopically, a scrape from the uterine cavity,
A. Endometrial
taken in a 36-year-old female against a
polyp B. Endometrial
background of uterine bleeding, revealed a
adenocarcinoma C.
neoplasm which consisted of a large number of
Simple
light epithelial cells of Langhans and multinuclear
hydatidiform mole
symplasts, the number of figures of mitosis was
D. Invasive
increased. The stroma was absent, the vascular
hydatidiform mole E.
cavities were lined with the above cells. Make a
Choriocarcinoma
diagnosis of the uterine tumour.
disordered ovariomenstrual cycle; number E.
of endometrial glands increased, lumens Glandulocysti
significantly dilated and rounded;
c hyperplasia
of
morphological signs of the phase of
endometrium
proliferation
red area on vaginal portion of cervix;
squamous epithelium was substituted for
the columnar one; accumulation and new
formation of glands under integumentary
epithelium
E.
Proliferative
endocervicosi
s
uterine bleeding; neoplasm which
consisted of a large number of light
E.
epithelial cells of Langhans and
Choriocarcino
multinuclear symplasts; increased number ma
of figures of mitosis; stroma was absent
401.
A. Papillary
A histological examination of the vaginal portion endocervicosis
of the uterine cervix revealed substitution of the B. Progressing
endocervicosis
stratified squamous epithelium for the simple
columnar one with numerous underlying glands C. Healing
without any signs of their new formation. Which endocervicosis
D. Adenosis
of the diagnoses listed below was the most
E. Simple
probable?
endocervicosis
402.
A scrape from the uterine cavity revealed in the
blood some particles of a neoplasm which had an
organoid structure and consisted of the columnar
epithelial cells which formed glandular structures;
the stroma of the neoplasm was significantly
developed, the area of its “pedicle” had glomi of
thick-walled vessels. Which of the tumours was
the most probable?
403.
A. Glandular
hyperplasia of
endometrium
B. Uterine
fibroadenoma
C. Endometriosis D.
Uterine
adenocarcinoma E.
Endometrial polyp
A. Mixed
hyperplasia of
endometrium B.
A 34-year-old female took medical advice of a
Atypical hyperplasia
gynaecologist complaining of a uterine
of endometrium
haemorrhage for 10 days after her menses. A
C.
scrape from the uterine cavity revealed a large
Glandulocystic
number of the endometrial glands which were
spirally convoluted, dichotomically divided and hyperplasia of
ramified in a tree-like manner. The stroma of the endometrium D.
Remnants of
endometrium was hyperplastic and had a great
abortion E.
number of predecidual cells. Which of the
Glandular
diagnoses was the most probable?
hyperplasia of
endometrium
substitution of stratified squamous
E. Simple
epithelium into simple columnar one with
endocervicosi
numerous underlying glands; no any signs
s
of new formation
E.
neoplasm which had an organoid structure Endometrial
and consisted of columnar epithelial cells; polyp
formed glandular structures; stroma
significantly developed; thick-walled
vessels in base of “pedicle”
E. Glandular
hyperplasia of
large number of endometrial glands which endometrium
were spirally convoluted, dichotomically
divided and ramified in a tree-like
manner; hyperplastic stroma of
endometrium with great number of
predecidual cells
404.
405.
A mammary gland of a 25-year-old female
revealed a slightly tender node, 3 cm in diameter;
a sectorial resection of the mammary gland was
made. Macroscopically, the node was whitish and
had round hollows 0.1-0.3 cm in diameter.
Microscopically, there was a vegetation of the
connective tissue with foci of hyalinosis, an
atrophy of the glandular lobules and dilation of
the lumens in some places. What disease are the
above morphological changes typical for?
Within the first stage of labour, the blood pressure
in a female elevated (220/110 mm Hg), she
developed convulsions and a loss of
consciousness. Her death resulted from a sharp
impairment of cerebral circulation. An autopsy
revealed jaundice, an intracerebral haemorrhage, a
pulmonary oedema with microfocal haemorrhages
into the pulmonary parenchyma, an enlarged
yellow liver with numerous haemorrhages,
enlarged flaccid kidneys with a swollen cortical
layer, where on microscopic examination
symmetrical necroses were found. Which of the
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
A. Fibrous
mastopathy
B.
Sclerosing
adenosis C.
Fibroadenoma of
mammary gland D.
Acute mastitis E.
Fibrocystic
mastopathy
A. Viral hepatitis B.
Haemorrhagic
insult
C. Necrotic
nephrosis D.
Haemorrhagic
pneumonia E.
Eclampsia
whitish node with round hollows;
vegetation of connective tissue with
hyalinosis, atrophy of glandular lobules
and dilation of lumens in some places
E. Fibrocystic
mastopathy
within labour; sharp rise blood pressure;
convulsions and loss of consciousness;
intracerebral haemorrhage, a pulmonary
oedema with microfocal haemorrhages;
E. Eclampsia
enlarged yellow liver with numerous
haemorrhages; enlarged flaccid kidneys
with a swollen cortical layer; symmetrical
necroses
406.
407.
On gynaecological examination of a 36-year-old
female, a red focus, which was 0.8 x 0.5 cm in
A. Adenomatosis of
size and had uneven contours, was found in the uterine cervix B.
mucous coat of the vaginal portion of the uterine Healing
cervix on its border with the mouth of the womb. endocervicosis C.
A microscopical examination revealed
Simple
substitution of the stratified squamous epithelium endocervicosis D.
for the columnar one, as well as accumulation and Dysplasia of
epithelium of
new formation of glands from the cambial
uterine cervix
elements of the columnar epithelium in the
E. Proliferative
cervical channel were observed under the
endocervicosis
integumentary epithelium. Which of the
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
A.
Atrophy of
endometrium
B.
Metaplasia
A woman suffered with dysfunctional
of endometrium C.
metrorrhagia was made a diagnostic abortion.
Neoplasm of
Histologically in the scrape there were a lot of
small stamped glandulas covered by multirowed endometrium D.
epithelium. The lumens of some glandulas were Hypertrophic
growth
cystically extended. Call the variant of general
E. Glandular-cystic
pathologic process in the endometrium.
hyperplasia of
endometrium
substitution of stratified squamous
epithelium for the columnar one;
accumulation and new formation of
glands from the cambial elements of the
columnar epithelium under the
integumentary epithelium
E.
Proliferative
endocervicosi
s
dysfunctional metrorrhagia; a lot of small
stamped glandulas with multirowed
epithelium; lumens of some glandulas
cystically extended
E.
Glandularcystic
hyperplasia of
endometrium
408.
409.
410.
A. Cell-atypia of an
epithelium of an
mucosal epithelium B.
Keratinization of an
epithelium
C.
“Carcinomatous
In a biopsy of cervix of a 26-year-old woman the
pearls”
diagnosis following was established: pseudoD. Local
erosion. What microscopical changes has the
inflammation and
pathologist revealed?
necrosis in mucosa
E.
Local changes of
a stratified squamous
epithelium on
singlelayer prismatic pseudo- erosion
one
A. Complete tubal
abortion
B.
Spontaneous
A 30-year-old woman had ectopic tubal
ectopic tubal pregnancy finished with a
abortion
pregnancy which finished with a location of a
location of fetus in tubal cavity with
C.
Induced abortion
fetus in the tubal cavity with bleeding. Call this
bleeding
D. Criminal
pathology of pregnancy
abortion E. Incomplete
tubal abortion
A. Glandular
hyperplasia of
endometrium.
The pathologist has found out in histological
B.
Adenocarcinoma
examination of a remote uterus a lot of glandular of uterus.
a lot of glandular formations with single
formations with single cysts in myometrium,
C.
Adenomatosis of cysts in myometrium
endometrium had usual structure. Described
a mucosa of a uterus
changes are characteristic for
D. Leyomyosarcoma
of uterus.
E. Endometriosis.
E. Local
changes of a
stratified
squamous
epithelium on
single-layer
prismatic one
E. Incomplete
tubal abortion
E.
Endometriosis
.
411.
The body of a young woman after delivery was
taken for autopsy procedure. In autopsy, the
following features were found: enlarged
particolored dimmed liver with areas of necrosis.
Microscopically the following signs were found
in the liver: hemorrhages, thrombosis of the
vessels, proteinous and fatty degeneration of
hepatocytes; necrosis of epithelium of kidney’s
canals with fibrinoid necrosis of vessels’ walls
and hemorrhages in interstitial tissue; the
hemorrhages also can be seen in brain, heart,
lungs and serous membranes. The main cause of
death – hepatocellular insufficiency. What
diagnosis is more probable?
412.
A.
Muscle-fibrotic
During histological investigation of prostate
hyperplasia
gland, that has been resected in 72-year-old
B.
Adenocarcinoma
patient with symptoms of difficult urination the
old age patient; difficult urination;
C. Mixed variant of
following signs were found: enlargement of
enlargement of glandular and muscle’s
prostatopathy D.
glandular and muscle’s elements with disturbance
elements
Prostatitis E. Glandular
of glandular structure. What process is more
hyperplasia
probable?
413.
At examination of 35-year-old woman it was
A. Endocervicosis
found out red area about 1 cm in diameter with
B. Vaginitis
uneven edges in cervix. Microscopic examination
C. Adenomatosis
showed accumulation of numerous glands, look
D. Candidosis
like uterina ones, under epithelium layer. Call
E. Endometriosis
this pathologic process.
A. Toxic degeneration
of the liver B. Viral
hepatitis C. Cerebrovascular disease
D.
Intravascular
coagulation syndrome
E.
Eclampsia
enlarged parti-colored dimmed liver with
areas of necrosis; hemorrhages,
thrombosis of the vessels; necrosis of
epithelium of kidney’s canals with
E. Eclampsia
fibrinoid necrosis; hemorrhages;
hemorrhages in brain, heart, lungs and
serous membranes
E. Glandular
hyperplasia
red area IN cervix; accumulation of
E.
numerous glands, look like uterina ones,
Endometriosis
under epithelium layer
414.
415.
416.
A.
Diagnostic scraping was performed to the woman Hypertrophic
excrescence B.
with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Multiple
convoluted glands, ganglially dilated cavities of Metaplasia
Displasia
some glands were revealed histologically in the C.
D. Atrophy
scrape. Name the type of general pathological
E.
Glandularprocess.
cystic hyperplasia
A 25-year-old woman palpates a left breast
"lump" on self-examination. Her physician
A. Fat necrosis
palpates an ill-defined mass. There is no pain or B.
Ductal
tenderness. No axillary lymphadenopathy is
carcinoma in situ
noted. Fine needle aspiration is performed and
C.
Lobular
cytologic examination shows cells that appear
carcinoma
benign. The lesion persists, and 6 months later
in situ
another biopsy is taken and shows ductal
D. Intraductal
papilloma
epithelial proliferation with ductal apocrine
E.
Fibrocystic
metaplasia, stromal fibrosis, and sclerosing
changes
adenosis. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis?
A clinical study is peformed involving subjects
who women are ranging in age from 15 to 45
A. Abscess
years who palpated breast "lumps" on
B.
Fibroadenoma
selfexamination. The presence of breast mass
C. Lobular carcinoma
lesions in these subjects was subsequently
in situ
confirmed by physical examination and by
D. Infiltrating
mammography. All subjects had a biopsy or
ductal carcinoma
excision of their lesion performed, with a
E.
Fibrocystic
definitive pathologic diagnosis made. Which of
changes
the following diagnoses is likely to be the most
frequent in these subjects?
dysfunctional uterine bleeding; multiple
convoluted glands, ganglially dilated
cavities of some glands
E. Glandularcystic
hyperplasia
E. Fibrocystic
changes
young age woman; no pain, no
tenderness, no axillary lymphadenopathy;
benign cells; ductal epithelial
proliferation with apocrine metaplasia,
stromal fibrosis and sclerosing adenosis
young age women; "lumps" in breast
E. Fibrocystic
changes
417.
418.
419.
420.
A 19-year-old woman gave birth to a healthy male
A. Fibrocystic
infant at term following an uncomplicated
disease
pregnancy. She has now been breast feeding the
B.
Fat necrosis
baby for a month, but notes that her left breast has
C. Intraductal
gradually become swollen and painful to touch
papilloma D.
over the past week. On physical examination her
Galactocele
temperature is 38.2 C. Which of the following is
E. Acute mastitis
the most likely diagnosis?
A 35-year-old woman has noted a palpably firm,
irregular mass in her right breast for the past 3
months. On physical examination there is no
tenderness or swelling. By mammography there is
an irregular 2 cm density that demonstrates
scattered microcalcifications. Biopsy of this mass
reveals extensive fat necrosis. Which of the
following is the most likely cause for this breast
lesion?
A 29-year-old woman has been taking oral
contraceptives for the past 12 years. She now has
a palpable "lump" in the left breast that has
persisted for the past 3 months. Which of the
following breast lesions is most likely to be
associated with her oral contraceptive use?
breast feeding; breast swollen and painful E. Acute
to touch; increasing temperature
mastitis
A. Pregnancy
B.
Prolactinoma
C.
Fibrocystic
changesD. Lobular
carcinoma
in situ
E. Trauma
irregular mass in breast; no tenderness or
E. Trauma
swelling; extensive fat necrosis
A. Acute mastitis
B. Fat necrosis
C. Hypertrophy
D. Cyst formation
E. Galactocele
long time used oral contraceptives;
"lump" in breast
A. Infiltrating
A 20-year-old woman gives birth to a term girl
ductal carcinoma
infant following an uncomplicated pregnancy. She B.
Numerous
breast feeds the infant. Six weeks later, her left
plasma
breast becomes painful and slightly swollen. On cells
physical examination there is a tender 3-cm mass C.
Sclerosing
in the left breast beneath a nipple that shows
adenosis
several painful fissures. Which of the following D. Fat necrosis E. breast feedibg; painful and slightly
pathologic findings is most likely to be present in Staphylococcus aureus swollen; tender mass beneath nipple;
this breast?
infection
painful fissures
E. Galactocele
E.
Staphylococcu
s aureus
infection
421.
A 30-year-old woman is claiming in a civil
lawsuit that her husband has abused her for the
past year. A workup by her physician reveals a 2
cm left breast mass. There is no
lymphadenopathy. No skin lesions are seen, other A.
Physiologic
than a bruise to her upper arm. An excisional
atrophy
biopsy of the breast mass is performed. On
B.
Lactation
microscopic examination, the biopsy shows fat
C.
Radiation injury
necrosis. This biopsy result is most consistent with D.
Hypoxic injury domestic violence in anamnesis; no
which of the following etiologies?
E.
Breast trauma lymphadenopathy; fat necrosis
422.
A. Glandular
A scrape from the uterine cavity revealed in the hyperplasia of
blood some particles of a neoplasm which had an endometrium B.
organoid structure and consisted of the columnar Uterine
epithelial cells which formed glandular structures; fibroadenoma
the stroma of the neoplasm was significantly
C. Endometriosis D.
developed, the area of its “pedicle” had glomi of Uterine
thick-walled vessels. Which of the tumours was adenocarcinoma E.
the most probable?
Endometrial polyp
E. Breast
trauma
neoplasm with columnar epithelial cells,
formed glandular structures; stroma
E.
developed; thick-walled vesselsthe in area Endometrial
of its “pedicle”
polyp
423.
On gynaecological examination of a 36-year-old
female, a red focus, which was 0.8 x 0.5 cm in
size and had uneven contours, was found in the
mucous coat of the vaginal portion of the uterine
cervix on its border with the mouth of the womb.
A microscopical examination revealed
substitution of the stratified squamous epithelium
for the columnar one, as well as accumulation and
new formation of glands from the cambial
elements of the columnar epithelium in the
cervical channel were observed under the
integmentary epithelium. Which of the diagnoses
listed below was the most probable?
424.
A. Cell-atypia of an
epithelium of an
mucosal epithelium B.
Keratinization of an
epithelium
C.
“Carcinomatous
pearls”
D. Local
inflammationand
necrosis in mucosa
E.
Local changes
In a biopsy of cervix of a 26-year-old woman the of a stratified
diagnosis following was established: pseudosquamous epithelium
pseudo- erosion
erosion. What microscopical changes has the
on singlelayer
pathologist revealed?
prismatic one
A. Adenomatosis of
uterine cervix B.
Healing
endocervicosis C.
Simple
endocervicosis D.
Dysplasia of
epithelium of
uterine cervix
E. Proliferative
endocervicosis
red focus on border with mouth of the
womb; substitution of stratified squamous
epithelium for columnar one;
accumulation and new formation of
glands from the cambial elements of the
columnar epithelium in the cervical
channel under integumentary epithelium
E.
Proliferative
endocervicosi
s
E. Local
changes of a
stratified
squamous
epithelium on
single-layer
prismatic one
425.
A. Hypertrophic
Diagnostic scraping was performed to the woman excrescence B.
Metaplasia
with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Multiple
convoluted glands, ganglially dilated cavities of C.
Displasia
some glands were revealed histologically in the D. Atrophy
scrape. Name the type of general pathological
E.
Glandularprocess.
cystic hyperplasia
426.
A 55-year-old man had been suffering from
chronic glomerulonephritis. He died from chronic
renal failure. Macroscopical examination revealed
on the surface of epicardium and pericardium
some greyish-white villous depositions. After
their removal dilated and plethoric vessels were
uncovered. What process took place in the
pericardium?
A. Organization
B. Haemorrhagic
inflammation C.
Proliferative
inflammation
D. Arterial hyperemia chronic glomerulonephritis; chronic renal
E. Fibrinous
failure; greyish-white villous depositions; E. Fibrinous
inflammation
dilated and plethoric vessels
inflammation
A 39-year-old man who had been operated for the
stomach ulcer died 7 days after the surgery.
Autopsy revealed that peritoneal leaves were dull,
plethoric, covered with massive yellow- greenish
films, the peritoneal cavity contained for about
300 ml of thick yellow-greenish liquid. What
pathologic process was revealed in the peritoneal
cavity?
A.
Peritoneal
commissures
B.
Fibrinous
serous peritonitis C.
Fibrinous
haemorrhagic
peritonitis
D. Serous peritonitis
E. Fibrinous
suppurative peritonitis
427.
dysfunctional uterine bleeding; multiple
convoluted glands, ganglially dilated
cavities
E. Glandularcystic
hyperplasia
stomach ulcer in anamnesis; peritoneum
dull, plethoric, covered with massive
E. Fibrinous
yellow- greenish films; hick
suppurative
yellowgreenish liquid in peritoneal cavity peritonitis
428.
Preventive examination of a 55-year-old patient
revealed type II diabetes mellitus. An
endocrinologist revealed an increase in body
weight and liver enlargement. The man is nonA.
Acute viral
smoker and doesn't abuse alcohol but likes to have hepatitis
a good meal. Histological examination by means B.
Chronic viral
of diagnostic liver puncture revealed that the
hepatitis
hepatocytes were enlarged mostly on the lobule C.
Alcohol
periphery, their cytoplasm had transparent
hepatitis D. Portal
vacuoles showing positive reaction with sudan III. liver cirrhosis
What liver pathology was revealed?
E. Fatty hepatosis
diabetes mellitus; hepatocytes enlarged
mostly on lobule periphery; cytoplasm
had transparent vacuoles; positive reaction E. Fatty
with sudan III
hepatosis
429.
A. Epiphysis
Examination of a 32-year-old patient revealed
B. Pancreas
disproportional skeleton size, enlargement of
C. Suprarenal
superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue, jaw bones, D. Thyroid
feet. What gland's function was disturbed?
E. Hypophysis
disproportional skeleton size, enlargement
of superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue,
jaw bones, feet
E. Hypophysis
430.
A 40-year-old female patient underwent an
operation of thyroidectomy. A histological
A.
Hashimoto's
examination of the thyroid tissue revealed that disease
its follicles differed in size, contained some
B.
Ligneous
foamy colloid, the follicular epithelium was high thyroiditis C. Acute
and in some places it formed papillae. The
nonsuppurative
stroma of the gland had clusters of lymphocytes thyroiditis D. Nodular
which formed follicles with light centres. Make goiter
a diagnosis of the disease of the thyroid gland. E. Toxic goiter
thyroidectomy; follicles differed in size,
contained some foamy colloid;
epithelium high and it formed papillae;
stroma with lymphocytes formed
E. Toxic
follicles with light centres
goiter
431.
A histological examination of the thyroid gland
revealed a significant infiltration of its tissue by
lymphocytes, formation of lymphoid follicles,
an atrophy of parenchymatous elements and a
significant vegetation of the connective tissue.
What disease is characterized by this picture?
A.
Colloid goiter
B.
Endemic goiter
C.
Diffuse toxic goiter
D. Parenchymatous
goiter
E. Hashimoto's disease
significant infiltration by lymphocytes,
formation of lymphoid follicles; atrophy E.
of parenchymatous elements; vegetation Hashimoto's
of connective tissue
disease
432.
An autopsy of a young female, who died from
adrenal insufficiency, revealed diffuse
hypermelanosis of the skin, hyperplasia of the
cells in islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, the
adrenal glands were sharply reduced in size and
their thinned cortical substance had foci of
necrosis, haemorrhages and sclerosis. What is
your diagnosis?
A.
WaterhouseFriderichsen
syndrome B. Primary
aldosteronism C.
Cushing's disease
D.
Pheochromocytoma
E. Addison's disease
adrenal insufficiency; hypermelanosis of
the skin; adrenal glands sharply reduced;
thinned cortical substance had foci of
E. Addison's
necrosis, haemorrhages and sclerosis
disease
433.
A.
Pituitary
dwarfismB.
In a young male, an abundant quantity of the
B.
shing's disease
somatotropic hormone and enlargement of the C.
Addison's disease abundant quantity of somatotropic
nose, lips, ears, lower jaw, hands and feet were D. Adiposogenital
hormone; enlargement of nose, lips,
revealed. What is your diagnosis?
dystrophy E. Acromegaly ears, lower jaw, hands and feet
434.
A. Multiple myeloma
B.
In a male patient with an increased level of the
parathormone, a histological examination in the Osteoblastoclastoma
C.
Paget's disease
area of a pathological fracture of his femur
Osteopetrosis
revealed foci of a lacunar resolution of the osteoid D.
E. Parathyroid
beams and new formation of a fibrous tissue.
What is your diagnosis?
osteodystrophy
E.
Acromegaly
increased level of parathormone;
pathological fracture; foci of lacunar
E. Parathyroid
resolution of osteoid beams; formation of osteodystroph
fibrous tissue
y
436.
A. Acute
nonsuppurative
A male patient with phenomena of
thyroiditis B.
hypothyroidism died from heart failure. On
Ligneous
histological examination, his thyroid gland
thyroiditis C.
Nodular goiter
revealed a diffuse infiltration of the gland by
lymphocytes and plasmacytes, an atrophy of the D. Toxic goiter
parenchyma and a vegetation of the connective
E. Hashimoto's
tissue. What disease was it?
disease
A.
Cushing's
An autopsy of a 45-year-old female, who was
syndrome
suffering from arterial hypertension, diabetes
B.
Hypertensive
mellitus and ovarian dysfunction during past 15 disease
years, revealed obesity by the upper type, a
C.
Addison's
pituitary basophil adenoma in the anterior lobe of disease D.
the hypophysis, hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex. Adiposogenital
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most dystrophy
probable?
E. Cushing's disease
437.
A. Acromegaly
B.
BabinskyA 50-year-old female took medical advice
Frelich disease
complaining of excretion of a large amount of
C.
Simmonds
urine and excessive thirst. On examination, her
disease
nourishment was reduced, the skin was dry,
D. Cushing's
density of the urine ranged from 1001 to 1010,
data of an ultrasound examination and computed disease
Diabetes
tomography of the brain revealed a tumour in the E.
posterior lobe of the hypophysis. Indicate the most insipidus
probable disease.
435.
hypothyroidism; diffuse infiltration of
gland by lymphocytes and plasmacytes;
atrophy of parenchyma; vegetation of
connective tissue
E.
Hashimoto's
disease
arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus
and ovarian dysfunction ; obesity by the
upper type; pituitary basophil adenoma;
hyperplasia of adrenal cortex
E. Cushing's
disease
large amount of urine; thirst; tumour in E. Diabetes
posterior lobe ofhypophysis
insipidus
438.
A 46-year-old male patient, who suffered from
bulimia, polydipsia, polyuria with glucosuria and
albuminuria, died of renal insufficiency. On
autopsy, the kidneys were reduced in size, dense
and had a fine-grained surface. The pancreas was A. Subacute
reduced and partially substituted for a fatty tissue. glomerulonephritis
Microscopically, islets of Langerhans were fine, B. Chronic indurative
in some places they were substituted for a
pancreatitis
connective tissue, solitary ones were hypertrophic. C. Diabetes insipidus
The kidneys reveal intracapillary
D. Chronic
glomerulosclerosis. Which of the diagnoses was glomerulonephritis
the most probable?
E. Diabetes mellitus
439.
A 36-year-old female patient underwent resection
of the both lobes of her thyroid gland; each of
them was 5 x 6 cm in size, pink-yellow,
moderately dense and had a tuberous surface. A
microscopic examination revealed follicles of
various size, some of them were dilated like cysts
and filled with some colloid; the follicular walls A. Parenchymatous
were lined with the smoothed cuboidal
goiter
epithelium; the stroma of the gland was
B.
Toxic goiter C.
redundantly developed owing to the connective Hashimoto's disease
tissue, there were foci of calcinosis. Which of the D. Ligneous
diseases listed below corresponded most to the thyroiditis E.
changes found?
Colloid goiter
polydipsia, polyuria, glucosuria,
albuminuria; kidneys reduced, dense with
fine-grained surface; pancreas reduced,
substituted for fatty tissue; islets of
Langerhans in some places substituted by
connective tissue; intracapillary
E. Diabetes
glomerulosclerosis
mellitus
thyroid gland big, pink-yellow,
moderately dense, tuberous surface;
follicles of various size, dilated; stroma
redundantly developed owing to
connective tissue; foci of calcinosis
E. Colloid
goiter
440.
An autopsy of a 24-year-old female (from her
case history it is known that a year before the
woman had given birth to a child) revealed a
sharp decrease of the body weight down to 38 kg, A. Nutritional
the skin was dry and thin, the weight of the
dystrophy B.
internal organs was lower ed. Also, there was a Suprarenal cachexia
sharp decrease in the weight of the
C. Cachexia
adenohypophysis, the latter had cicatrices; there associated with
were foci of dystrophy, necrobiosis and
chronic amoebiasis
hyalinosis in the diencephalon. The ovaries,
D. Cachexia
thyroid and adrenal glands had phenomena of
associated with
hypotrophy, the mucous membrane of the
pellagra E.
intestines was atrophied. Which of the diagnoses Cerebrohypophysial
was the most probable?
cachexia
441.
An autopsy of a 45-year-old female patient, who
suffered from obesity by the upper type, steroid
diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and
secondary ovarian dysfunction, revealed
hypertrichosis, hirsutism, striae on the skin of the
thighs and abdomen. The anterior lobe of the
hypophysis contained a white-pink encapsulated
tumour, 2.5 cm in diameter (microscopically, it
was a pituitary basophil adenoma); the adrenal
glands were characterized by bilateral hyperplasia
of the fascicular layer. Which of the diagnoses
was the most probable?
A.
Cushing's
syndrome
B.
Adiposogenital
dystrophy
C.
Simmonds
disease
D.
Pituitary
dwarfism
E.
Cushing's
disease
sharp decrease of body weight; skin dry
and thin, atrophy of internal organs and
endocrine glands; sharp decrease
adenohypophysis; foci of dystrophy,
necrobiosis and hyalinosis in the
diencephalon
E.
Cerebrohypop
hysial
cachexia
obesity by upper type; diabetes mellitus,
arterial hypertension, secondary ovarian
dysfunction; hypertrichosis, hirsutism,
striae on the skin; basophil adenoma of
pituitary; bilateral hyperplasia of adrenal E. Cushing's
glands
disease
442.
A 52-year-old male died from renal insufficiency.
On microscopic examination of his organs, the
pancreas revealed lipomatosis and sclerosis with
an atrophy of islets of Langerhans, the kidneys
had hyalinosis of the mesangium and glomeruli
(Kimrnelstiel-Wilson syndrome) and a glycogenic
infiltration of the epithelium of the tubules, the
liver was characterized by fatty degeneration.
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most
probable?
443.
An autopsy of a male, who died from chronic
renal insufficiency, revealed atherosclerosis of the
aorta and large arteries, small and dense kidneys
with a finegrained surface, an enlarged yellowbrown and flaccid liver, the pancreas was reduced
in size. Microscopically, there was
A. Arterial
atherocalcinosis of the aorta and arteries, an
nephrosclerosis
atrophy of the parenchyma, sclerosis and
B. Chronic
lipomatosis of the pancreas; the kidneys were
pancreatitis C.
characterized by hyalinosis of the mesangium and Chronic
glomeruli, a glycogenic infiltration of the
glomerulonephritis
epithelium of the tubules, with large-drop adiposis D. Steatosis E.
in the hepatocytes. What pathological process
Diabetic
took place in the kidneys?
nephrosclerosis
A. Arterial
nephrosclerosis B.
Amyloid shrunk
kidneys C.
Chronic
glomerulonephritis
D. Goodpasture's
syndrome E.
Diabetic
glomerulosclerosis
pancreas lipomatosis and sclerosis,
atrophy of Langerhans islets; kidneys
with hyalinosis of mesangium and
glomeruli (Kimrnelstiel-Wilson
syndrome); glycogenic infiltration of
epithelium; fatty degeneration of liver
E. Diabetic
glomeruloscle
rosis
atherosclerosis; small and dense kidneys
with finegrained surface; enlarged yellowbrown and flaccid liver; pancreas reduced,
atrophied parenchyma, sclerosis and
lipomatosis; kidneys with hyalinosis of
mesangium and glomeruli, glycogenic
E. Diabetic
infiltration of epithelium of tubules;
nephrosclerosi
largedrop adiposis in hepatocytes
s
444.
On autopsy of a male, who died from uraemia, it
was found that the pancreas was reduced in size,
his contracted kidneys had a fine-grained surface,
the liver was enlarged, yellow and flaccid.
Microscopically, the pancreatic tissue revealed an
atrophy of the parenchyma, including islets of
Langerhans, the atrophied parenchyma was
substituted for hyperplastic connective and fatty
tissues. The kidneys were characterized by
sclerosis and hyalinosis of the glomeruli, as well
as by a glycogenic infiltration of the tubules; there
was a fatty degeneration in the liver and a
fibrinous inflammation in the mucous coats of the
trachea, bronchi and stomach. What disease did
the died person suffer from?
445.
An autopsy of a male revealed a tumour in the
anterior lobe of the hypophysis, enlarged adrenal
glands, a reduction of the gonads in size, a
A. Diabetes
hypertrophy of the left cardiac ventricle, the
mellitus B.
pancreas was reduced in size and thickened.
Adiposogenital
Histologically, there was a pituitary basophil
adenoma and a hyperplasia of the cortical layer in dystrophy C.
Cushing's syndrome
the adrenal glands. The pancreas was
characterized by a moderately expressed atrophy D. Simmonds disease
of the parenchyma, including islets of Langerhans. E. Cushing's disease basophil adenoma of hypophysis; E. Cushing's
What disease did the patient suffer from?
hyperplasia of cortex of adrenal glands
disease
pancreas reduced; contracted kidneys
with fine-grained surface; liver enlarged,
A. Chronic indurative yellow and flaccid; pancreas atrophied
pancreatitis B.
including islets of Langerhans, are
substituted by hyperplastic connective
Chronic
glomerulonephritis C. and fat; kidneys with sclerosis and
Hypertensive disease hyalinosis of glomeruli; glycogenic
D. Steatosis
infiltration of tubules; fatty degenerationof E. Diabetes
E. Diabetes mellitus liver
mellitus
446.
For a histological examination, a lobe and a part
of the isthmus of the thyroid gland were received.
The tissue of the gland was dense and tuberous,
on section it was pale brown and had grey-whitish
foci. Microscopically, against a background of an
atrophy of the follicles of the gland, there was
some diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of
the stroma with formation of lymphoid follicles.
What pathological process were these changes
typical for?
A. Toxic goiter
B. Thyroid adenoma
C. Colloid goiter
D. Sporadic goiter
E. Allergic thyroiditis
thyroid gland dense and tuberous, pale
brown and had grey-whitish foci; atrophy
of gland with diffuse lymphoplasmacytic
infiltration of stroma with formation of
E. Allergic
lymphoid follicles
thyroiditis
447.
A histological examination of a thyroid gland
revealed follicles of various size and shape which
were lined with the columnar epithelium; the
latter proliferated and formed papillae of various
size. The follicular lumens contained some liquid
and vacuolized colloid. The stroma of the gland
was characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic
infiltration, in some places with formation of
lymphatic follicles having light centres. Which of
the diagnoses was the most probable?
A. Colloid goiter
B.
Nodular goiter
C. Hashimoto's
disease
D. Ligneous
thyroiditis E.
Toxic goiter
follicles of various size and shape with
columnar epithelium, proliferation and
forming papillae; follicular lumens
contained some liquid and vacuolized
colloid; stroma with lymphoplasmacytic
infiltration and lymphatic follicles having E. Toxic
light centres
goiter
448.
An autopsy of a 48-year-old male, who died from
vascular collapse, revealed an increased
pigmentation of the skin, the adrenal glands were
reduced in size, the brown-yellow liver was
enlarged. On histological examination, foci of
necrosis with a tuberculous granulation tissue
were found in the adrenal glands. The liver was
characterized by phenomena of fatty
degeneration.
Which of the diagnoses was the most probable?
A. Steatosis
B. Primary
aldosteronism
C. Cushing's
syndrome
D. Lipofuscinosis
E. Addison's disease
increased pigmentation of skin; adrenal
glands reduced; liver enlarged
brownyellow with fatty degeneration;
adrenal glands with foci of necrosis with E. Addison's
tuberculous granulation tissue
disease
449.
An autopsy of a 45-year-old male, who suffered
from numerous pathological fractures during his
lifetime, revealed changes in his long tubular
bones: the bones of the thigh and shin were bent,
in some places they resembled spirals, their
surface was tuberous, a section revealed an
obliterated medullary channel and a change in the
compact structure of the cortical layer by the
spongy type. Microscopically, there was a mosaic
type of the bone structures: against a background
of a disordered thin-fibrous or lamellar structure
of the bone fragments there were numerous
cavities of sinusal resorption combined with signs
of new formation of the osseous tissue. The
arteries, which supplied the bone tissue, were
dilated and convoluted. Name a diagnosis.
450.
An autopsy of a male, who suffered from
rightsided pneumonia in the lower lobe during his
lifetime and for a long period of time expectorated
sputum of a purulent character, revealed some
cavity with dense edges that was located in the
9th-10th segments of the lung and was filled with A. Bronchiectatic
yellowish cream-like masses. There was some
disease
whitish path from the cavity to the root of the
B.
Pulmonary
lung. Microscopically, the cavity was separated gangrene
from the intact pulmonary tissue with a membrane C.
Acute
which consisted of a fibrous connective tissue
pulmonary abscess
from the outside and a granulation one from
D. Chronic
inside. Which of the diagnoses was the most
pneumonia
probable?
E.
Chronic abscess
A. Osteopetrosis B.
Parathyroid
osteodystrophy
C. Fibrous
dysplasia D.
Chronic
osteomyelitis E.
Deforming
osteodystrophy
numerous pathological fractures; bones
bent, surface was tuberous; obliterated
medullary channel; spongy type of
compact bone; disordered thin-fibrous or
lamellar structure with numerous cavities E. Deforming
of sinusal resorption combined with
osteodystroph
signs of osteoid formation
y
cavity with dense edges with yellowish
cream-like masses; capsula of cavity from
fibrous connective tissue outside and
granulation one from inside
E. Chronic
abscess
451.
For a histological examination, a vermiform
process (appendix) was sent. Its size is increased,
the serous membrane is dim, plethoric and
covered with greyish films, the wall is thickened
and some pus is discharged from the lumen.
Microscopically, a plethora of the vessels, an
oedema of all the layers and their diffuse
infiltration by leukocytes are observed. Name the
kind of inflammation in the vermiform process.
452.
An examination of a 7-year-old child, who was
referred to infectious department with complaints
about a sharp pain in his throat, difficult
swallowing, an elevated body temperature up to
39cc, an oedema of his neck, revealed that the
tonsils were enlarged, their mucosa was plethoric
and covered with a large number of yellowwhitish
films which were closely adjacent to the mucosa.
an attempt to remove a film results in a deep
bleeding defect. what kind of inflammation takes
place?
453.
A male was treated for purulent otitis. On the 9th
day of his staying at an inpatient department he
died from a brain oedema. On autopsy, the
temporal region of the left hemisphere revealed a A.
Colliquative
cavity with uneven rough inner edges which was necrosis
filled with some yellowish-greenish thick dull
B.
Phlegmon C.
fluid. The outer wall of the cavity was represented Empyema
with the cerebral tissue. What pathological process D. Chronic abscess
was it?
E. Acute abscess
A. Catarrhal
B. Putrid
C. Mixed
D. Fibrinous
E. Phlegmonous
serous membrane is dim, plethoric and
covered with greyish films; pus is
discharged from the lumen; diffuse
infiltration by leukocytes of all layers
A. Suppurative
B. Serous
C. Croupous
D. Haemorrhagic
E. Diphtheritic
sharp pain in throat, difficult swallowing,
elevated body temperature; tonsils
enlarged, mucosa was plethoric with a
large number of yellow-whitish films
which were closely adjacent to the
mucosa; removing film results in a deep E.
bleeding defect
Diphtheritic
E.
Phlegmonous
purulent otitis; cavity with uneven rough
inner
edges
contains
some E. Acute
yellowishgreenish thick dull fluid
abscess
454.
An autopsy revealed 0.5 I of some yellowish
transparent fluid with small white crumble clots in
the right pleural cavity. The parietal and visceral
pleurae were covered with a white crumble coat.
What kind of exudative inflammation was it?
A. Suppurative
B. Serous
C. Putrid
D. Catarrhal
E. Croupous
white crumble clots; white crumble coat on
pleurae
E. Croupous
455.
A 6-year-old girl fell ill with diphtheria and three
days later died of asphyxia resulting from
membranous croup. On autopsy, the mucous
membranes of the larynx, trachea and bronchi
were thickened, oedematous and covered with
greyish films which were easily separated. What
kind of inflammation did the morphological
changes in the larynx indicate?
A. Serous
B. Haemorrhagic
C. Diphtheritic
D. Croupous
E. Catarrhal
diphtheria, membranous croup; mucosa
thickened, oedematous and covered with E.
greyish films which were easily separated Catarrhal????
456.
An autopsy of a 77-year-old male, who died from A. Serous
dysentery, revealed some grey-yellow films which B. Catarrhal
were closely connected with the underlying
C. Croupous
tissues in the colon and separated with formation D. Suppurative
of ulcers. Name the kind of inflammation.
E. Diphtheritic
grey-yellow films closely connected with
underlying tissues; are separated with
E.
formation of ulcers
Diphtheritic
457.
A microscopic examination of the tissue dissected
from some postoperative infiltrate revealed
granulomata with giant multinucleate cells around
the suture material. What kind of granulomata did
they belong to?
A. Tuberculous
B. Rheumatic
C. Lepromatous
D. Mycotic
E. Foreign-body
granulomata with giant multinucleate
cells around the suture material
458.
An examination of a renal biopsy revealed some
mostly perivascular and periglomerular
lymphocytic, plasmacytic and macrophagal
infiltration of the interstice against a background
of its sclerosis. Name the most probable kind of
inflammation.
A. Productive diffuse
B. Granulomatous
C. Exudative diffuse
D. Exudative focal
E. Productive focal
perivascular and periglomerular
lymphocytic, plasmacytic and
macrophagal infiltration of interstice; plus E. Productive
sclerosis
focal
E.
Foreignbody
459.
A. Granulomatous
A microscopic examination of the myocardium in productive
Alterative
a male, who died from cardiac decompensation, B.
Exudative
revealed sclerosis of the perivascular connective C.
tissue and its diffuse infiltration by lymphocytes, diffuse
macrophages, plasmacytes and solitary
D. Exudative focal
neutrophils. Which of the listed kinds of
E. Interstitial
inflammation was the most probable?
productive
sclerosis of perivascular connective
tissue; diffuse infiltration by lymphocytes,
macrophages, plasmacytes and solitary
E. Interstitial
neutrophils
productive
460.
A little girl died of asphyxia resulting from
membranous croup. A girl illed with diphtheria.
On autopsy, the mucous membranes of the larynx,
trachea and bronchi were thickened, oedematous
and covered with greyish films which were easily
separated. What type of inflammation
pathomorpholodist investigated?
diphtheria, membranous croup; mucosa
thickened, oedematous and covered with E.
greyish films which were easily separated Catarrhal????
461.
A surgeon removed a tumour in the liver of a
47year-old male patient. It was macroscopically
revealed that the wall of the cavity was formed by
a dense fibrous connective tissue; the cavity
contained some yellow-greenish dull thick fluid A.
Phlegmon
which had an unpleasant odour and
B.
Acute abscess
microscopically consisted mainly of
C.
Empyema
polymorphonuclear leukocytes. What pathological D.
Colliquative
process did such morphological changes
necrosis
correspond to?
E.
Chronic abscess
A. Serous
B. Haemorrhagic
C. Diphtheritic
D. Croupous
E. Catarrhal
cavity formed by a dense fibrous
connective tissue; yellow-greenish dull
thick fluid which had unpleasant odour;
polymorphonuclear leukocytes
E. Chronic
abscess
462.
A children died from asphyxia at the diphtheria.
On autopsy were identified membranous plates in
space of respiratory ways, the mucous membranes
of the larynx, trachea and bronchi were thickened,
oedematous and covered with greyish films which
were easily separated. What kind of inflammation
did the morphological changes in the larynx
indicate?
463.
An autopsy of a 58-year-old male, who suffered
from croupous pneumonia during his life-time and
died of cardiopulmonary insufficiency, revealed A. Dry pleurisy
900 ml of some yellow-greenish dull fluid in his B. Phlegmon
right pleural cavity. The pleural leaves were dull C. Chronic abscess
and plethoric. Name the clinical- morphological D. Acute abscess
form of the inflammation in the pleural cavity.
E. Empyema
464.
An autopsy of a woman, who suffered from the
right-sided purulent otitis during her life-time,
revealed a cavity 4 x 3 cm in size in the region of
the right temporal lobe that contained some
A.
Acute abscess
yellow-green dull viscous fluid. The inner layer of B.
purulent otitis; cavity contained some
Empyema
the wall was represented with a yellowish
C.
Grey softening of yellow-green dull viscous fluid (pus);
the brain
crumble tissue, the outer layer consisted of a
inner layer of wall formed by yellowish
whitish dense tissue. What process were the
D.
Haemorrhage
crumble tissue, outer layer - whitish
described changes in the brain characteristic of? e. Chronic abscess
dense tissue
465.
During pathomorphological investigation of
inflammatory skin infiltrate revealed an
accumulation of purolekocytic exudate in several
hair follicles. What is the name of such an
inflammation?
A. Serous
B. Haemorrhagic
C. Diphtheritic
D. Catarrhal
E. Croupous
diphtheria; membranous plates in
respiratory ways; mucosa thickened,
oedematous and covered with greyish
films which were easily separated
E. Croupous
yellow-greenish dull fluid in pleural cavity
(pus)
E. Empyema
E. Chronic
abscess
A. Phlegmon
B. Furuncle
C. Abscess
D. Wandering abscess inflammatory
skin
infiltrate;
e. Carbuncle
purolekocytic exudate in hair follicles
E. Carbuncle
466.
A.
Hepatocellular
On supersonic examination of a 48-year-old male adenoma
patient, a hepatic neoplasm was diagnosed and a B.
Solid carcinoma
puncture biopsy was made. Microscopically, the C. Metastasis of
tumour consisted of atypical hepatocytes which adenocarcinoma
formed trabeculae, acini or tubules. The tumour D.
Cholangiocellular hepatic neoplasm; atypical hepatocytes
stroma was poor and had thin-walled blood
carcinoma
formed trabeculae, acini or tubules;
vessels. Which of the kinds of tumours listed
E.
Hepatocellular stroma was poor and had thin-walled
below was the most probable?
carcinoma
blood vessels
E.
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
467.
Histologically, the alveolar lumen had
accumulations of fibrin and neutrophils. The
lymph nodes in the lung roots were pale pink and
somewhat enlarged. Name the stage of croupous
pneumonia.
E. Grey
hepatization
468.
A. Acute
During pathomorphological investigation of a
pneumogenic abscess
male, who suffered from right-sided pneumonia, B. Pulmonary
revealed in the right lung some cavity 3.5 cm in echinococcosis C.
diameter, that had uneven edges, communicated Chronic
with the bronchus and was filled with some
bronchiogenic
purulent exudate. Microscopically, the wall of the abscess D. Chronic
cavity was formed by the granulation tissue
pneumogenic abscess
diffusely infiltrated by leukocytes. Which of the E. Acute
diagnoses, listed below, was the most probable? bronchiogenic abscess
A. Red hepatization
B. Influx
C. Edema
D. Resolution
E. Grey hepatization
alveolar lumen with fibrin and
neutrophils; lymph nodes in lung roots
pale pink and enlarged
cavity has uneven edges, communicated
with bronchus, filled with purulent
E. Acute
exudate; cavity formed by the granulation bronchiogenic
tissue diffusely infiltrated by leukocytes abscess
469.
A 7 year old child was taken to the infectious
disease hospital with complaints of acute pain
during swallowing, temperature rise up to 39oC,
neck edema. Objective signs: tonsills are enlarged,
their mucous membrane is plethoric and covered A. Purulent
with a big number of whitish- yellowish films that B. Crupous
are closely adjacent to the mucous membran.
C. Serous
After removal of these films the deep bleeding
D. Hemorrhagic
defect remains. What type of inflammation is it? E. Diphteritic
A. Superficial
appendicitis
B.
Simple
appendicitis C.
Gangrenous
appendicitis D.
Chronic appendicitis
E. Phlegmonous
appendicitis
pain during swallowing, hight
temperature; mucousa plethoric, covered
by whitish- yellowish films, closely
adjacent to mucosa; removing leads deep
bleeding defect
E. Diphteritic
470.
Histologic examination revealed in all layers of
appendix a big number of polymorthonuclear
leukocytes; hyperemia, stases. What disease are
these symptoms typical for?
471.
A. Serous peritonitis
B. Hemorrhagic
peritonitis
At the operation the doctor opened a patient's
C.
Tuberculous
abdominal cavity and revealed for about 2,0 L of peritonitis
purulent fluid. Peritoneum is dull, greyish, serous D.
purulent fluid in abdominal cavity;
E.
tunic of intestines has grayish layers that can be E.
Fibrinopurulent peritoneum is dull, greyish; grayish layers Fibrinopurule
easily removed. It is most likely to be:
peritonitis
that can be easily removed
nt peritonitis
big number of polymorthonuclear
leukocytes in all layers of appendix;
hyperemia, stases
E.
Phlegmonous
appendicitis
472.
473.
474.
Mucous membrane of the right palatine tonsil has
a painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus and
accurate edges of cartlaginous consistency.
Microscopically: inflammatory infiltrate that
consists of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small
number of neutrophils and epithelioid cells;
endovasculistis and perivasculitis. What disease is
in question?
A.
Necrotic
(Vincent's) tonsillitis
B.
Actinomycosis
C.
Tuberculosis D.
Pharyngeal diphtheria
E. Syphilis
An autopsy performed at the pathoanatomical
bureau revealed next: a 50-year-old male patient
died from the phenomena of intoxication at double
bronchopneumonia and had in the lower lobe of A. Tuberculoma
the right lung some thick-walled cavity, 4 cm in B. Empyema
diameter, filled with liquid yellowish masses.
C. Abscess
What pathological process complicated the course D. Sequester
of pneumonia?
E. Gangrene
A.
Pulmonary
abscess
B.
Phlegmon
C.
Purulent catarrh
On autopsy was performed at the pathoanatomical of
bureau. 380 ml of some yellow fluid with an
pleura
unpleasant odour were found in the right pleural D.
Pulmonary
cavity. Microscopically, the liquid contained a lot gangrene
of neutrophilic granulocytes. What is your
E.
Pleural
diagnosis?
empyema
painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus
and accurate edges of cartlaginous
consistency; infiltrate consists of
lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small
number of neutrophils and epithelioid
cells; endovasculistis and perivasculitis E. Syphilis
intoxication; thick-walled cavity filled
with liquid yellowish masses
E. Gangrene
yellow fluid with unpleasant odour;
liquid contained a lot of neutrophilic
granulocytes
E. Pleural
empyema
475.
A 40-year-old female patient with goiter had an
thyroidectomy operation. A histological
A.
Hashimoto's
examination of the thyroid tissue revealed that disease
its follicles differed in size, contained some
B.
Ligneous
foamy colloid, the follicular epithelium was high thyroiditis C. Acute
and in some places it formed papillae. The
nonsuppurative
stroma of the gland had clusters of lymphocytes thyroiditis D. Nodular
which formed follicles with light centres. Make goiter
a diagnosis of the disease of the thyroid gland. E. Toxic goiter
follicles differed in size, fill with foamy
colloid; epithelium was high and formed
papillae; clusters of lymphocytes which E. Toxic
formed follicles with light centres
goiter
476.
A pathohistological examination of the thyroid
gland detected a significant infiltration of its
tissue by lymphocytes, formation of lymphoid
follicles, an atrophy of parenchymatous
elements and a significant vegetation of the
connective tissue. What disease is characterized
by this picture?
significant infiltration by lymphocytes,
formation of lymphoid follicles;
atrophy and significant vegetation of
connective tissue
E.
Hashimoto's
disease
477.
A young female died from adrenal insufficiency.
An autopsy was performed in pathoanatomical A.
bureau detected diffuse hypermelanosis of the WaterhouseFriderichsen
skin, hyperplasia of the cells in islets of
syndrome B. Primary
Langerhans in the pancreas, the adrenal glands aldosteronism C.
were sharply reduced in size and their thinned Cushing's disease
cortical substance had foci of necrosis,
D.
haemorrhages and sclerosis. What is your
Pheochromocytoma
diagnosis?
E. Addison's disease
adrenal insufficiency; diffuse
hypermelanosis; adrenal glands were
sharply reduced, thinned cortical
substance had foci of necrosis,
haemorrhages and sclerosis
E. Addison's
disease
A.
Colloid goiter
B.
Endemic goiter
C.
Diffuse toxic goiter
D. Parenchymatous
goiter
E. Hashimoto's disease
478.
A 54-year-old male suffered from numerous
pathological fractures during his lifetime. After
his death an autopsy detected the changes in his
long tubular bones: the bones of the thigh and shin
were bent, in some places they resembled spirals,
their surface was tuberous, a section revealed an
obliterated medullary channel and a change in the
compact structure of the cortical layer by the
A. Osteopetrosis
spongy type. Microscopically, there was a mosaic B. Parathyroid
type of the bone structures: against a background osteodystrophy
of a disordered thin-fibrous or lamellar structure C. Fibrous
of the bone fragments there were numerous
dysplasia D.
cavities of sinusal resorption combined with signs Chronic
of new formation of the osseous tissue. The
osteomyelitis E.
arteries, which supplied the bone tissue, were
Deforming
dilated and convoluted. Name a diagnosis.
osteodystrophy
numerous pathological fractures; bones
bent, surface was tuberous; obliterated
medullary channel; spongy type of
compact bone; disordered thin-fibrous or
lamellar structure with numerous cavities E. Deforming
of sinusal resorption combined with
osteodystroph
signs of osteoid formation
y
479.
A 43-year-old male suffered from right-sided
pneumonia in the lower lobe during his life-time
and for a long period of time expectorated sputum
of a purulent character. After his death an autopsy
detected some cavity with dense edges that was
located in the 9th-10th segments of the lung and
was filled with yellowish cream-like masses.
There was some whitish path from the cavity to
the root of the lung. Microscopically, the cavity
was separated from the intact pulmonary tissue
with a membrane which consisted of a fibrous
connective tissue from the outside and a
granulation one from inside. Which of the
diagnoses was the most probable?
sputum of purulent character; cavity with
dense edges; filled with yellowish
creamlike masses; cavity formed by
fibrous connective tissue membrane
outside and a granulation one from inside E. Chronic
abscess
A. Bronchiectatic
disease
B.
Pulmonary
gangrene
C.
Acute
pulmonary abscess
D. Chronic
pneumonia
E.
Chronic abscess
480.
During an operation for elimination of phimosis, a
round ulcer with a smooth bottom and dense
edges was found on the glans penis. On a
microscopic examination of the tissue taken from
an edge of the ulcer a pathologist found a
polymorphous infiltrate consisting of disorderly
located plasma and lymphoid elements with some
admixture of heterophilic leukocytes and
epithelioid cells; the infiltrate was located mostly
around small vessels. The vessels were
characterized by phenomena of endangiitis. What
disease are the described changes typical for?
481.
Three days after a criminal abortion a female
developed an elevation of her body temperature
up to 40°C, cloudiness of consciousness, petechial
haemorrhages on her skin. Two days later she died
under increasing phenomena of intoxication. An
autopsy revealed jaundice, petechial
haemorrhages in the serous and mucous
membranes, a sharp enlargement of the spleen and
criminal abortion; elevation of
lymph nodes. Microscopically, the spleen and
temperature; cloudiness of consciousness,
lymph nodes were characterized by a proliferation
petechial haemorrhages on her skin;
of the lymphoid and reticular cells, as well as a
jaundice, petechial haemorrhages in
large number of immature forms of haemopoiesis. A. Fulminant sepsis B. serous and mucous membranes; sharp
Besides, there were dystrophic changes and an
Chernogubov’s
enlargement of spleen and lymph nodes;
interstitial inflammation in the liver, kidneys,
disease
proliferation of lymphoid and reticular
heart, as well as disseminated necrotic
C. Septicopyaemia
cells; dystrophic changes and interstitial
vasculititides. What was the most probable form D. Chronic sepsis
inflammation in liver, kidneys, heart;
E.
of sepsis?
E. Septicaemia
disseminated necrotic vasculititides
Septicaemia
round ulcer with smooth bottom and
dense edges; polymorphous infiltrate
consisting of disorderly located plasma
A.
Leprosy
B.
Actinomycosis and lymphoid elements with some
C.
Tuberculosis D. admixture of heterophilic leukocytes and
Polyarteritis nodosa epithelioid cells; it located mostly around
E. Syphilis
small vessels
E. Syphilis
482.
During his life-time, a 40-year-old male had a
high body temperature, jaundice, clouded
consciousness, bacteraemia. On autopsy, his
sclerae and skin were yellow, there were
numerous haemorrhages in the serous and mucous
membranes, as well as enlarged lymph nodes and
spleen. Microscopically, the spleen and lymph
A.
Chronic sepsis
nodes had a proliferation of the reticular cells.The B.
Septicopyaemia
heart, liver and kidneys were characterized by an C. Acute lymphocytic
interstitial inflammation, a parenchymatous
leukaemia
cloudy swelling; the vascular walls had
D. Acute stem
vasculititides and a fibrinoid swelling. Which of cell leukaemia E.
the diagnoses listed below was the most probable? Septicaemia
high temperature, jaundice, clouded
consciousness, bacteraemia; sclerae and
skin yellow, numerous haemorrhages in
the serous and mucous membranes;
enlarged lymph nodes and spleen;
proliferation of reticular cells in spleen
and lymph nodes; interstitial inflammation
of organs, parenchymatous cloudy
swelling; vasculititides and a fibrinoid
E.
swelling in vascular walls
Septicaemia
483.
An autopsy of a male, who had a prolonged
suppuration of the wound following an injury of
his extremity and died under the phenomena of
intoxication, revealed cachexia, dehydration, a
brown atrophy of the liver, myocardium, spleen
and striated muscles, as well as renal amyloidosis.
Which of the diagnoses was the most probable?
died from intoxication; cachexia,
dehydration, brown atrophy of liver,
myocardium, spleen and striated muscles; E. Chronic
renal amyloidosis
sepsis
484.
Extensive thromboembolic infarction of the left A.
Acute rheumatic
cerebral hemispheres, large septic spleen,
valvulitis
immunocomplex glomerulonephritis, ulcers on the B.
Rheumatic
edges of the aortic valves, covered with polypous thromboendocarditis thromboembolic infarction; large septic
thrombus with colonies of staphylococcus were C. Septicemia
spleen, immunocomplex
revealed on autopsy of the young man who died in D. Septicopyemia E. glomerulonephritis, ulcers on edges of
E. Septic
coma. What disease caused cerebral
Septic bacterial
aortic valves, covered with polypous
bacterial
thromboembolism?
endocarditis
thrombus with colonies of staphylococcus endocarditis
A. Brucellosis B.
Chernogubov’s
disease
C. Septicaemia
D. Septicopyaemia
E. Chronic sepsis
485.
In 2 days after a criminal abortion the female
patient’s temperature elevated up to 40 °C, she
A. Septicemia
was semiconscious, and there were numerous
B. Septicopyemia
hemorrhages in her skin. She died three days later. C. Lung sepsis
What type of sepsis according to its entrance gate D. Chroniosepsis
was there?
E. Urosepsis
criminal abortion;
high temperature; E.
semiconscious state; hemorrhages in skin Urosepsis???
486.
The disease in a male hunter began with an
elevation of his body temperature up to 37-38°C,
increased reflex excitability, a disturbance of
sleep and hydrophobia. Later these signs were
accompanied by spasms of the muscles of the
larynx and pharynx, as well as those of
respiration. The patient’s death was caused by
arrest of respiration. On autopsy, an oedema and
plethora of the brain, as well as small
haemorrhages in the region of the
myelencephalon were found. On histological
examination of the brain, its stem part, walls of
the 3rd ventricle and hippocampus revealed
necrosis of the nerve cells which were surrounded
(as well as small vessels) by nodules consisting of A. Typhoid fever
clusters of microglial and lymphoid cells. The
B. Epidemic typhus
cytoplasm of the nerve cells of the hippocampus C. Poliomyelitis D.
contained some rounded eosinophilic inclusions
Tick-borne
(Bab?s-Negri bodies). What disease is
encephalitis E.
characterized by the picture described?
Rabies
temperature; increased reflex excitability;
disturbance of sleep and hydrophobia;
spasms of larynx and pharynx muscles;
oedema and plethora of the brain,
haemorrhages; necrosis of the nerve
cells; cytoplasm of nerve cells of
hippocampus with rounded eosinophilic
inclusions (Babesh-Negri bodies)
E. Rabies
487.
The disease in a 67-year-old woman acutely began
with an expressed oedema and tenderness of the
skin and soft tissues of the neck. A phlegmon of
neck and mediastinitis were diagnosed. The
patient died under the increasing phenomena of
intoxication. On autopsy, the left tonsil was
slightly enlarged and dense; on section, it was
yellowish-greenish and had a lot of small cavities
which imparted a honeycomb structure to it. The
soft tissues of the neck and the fat of the anterior
mediastinum had signs of purulent melting.
Microscopically, the tissue had a lot of small
A. Giardiasis
abscesses, their centres having intensive
B. Leishmaniasis
basophilic formations, which consisted of short
C. Brucellosis
rod-like elements connected with their one end to D. Amoebiasis
the common centre. What is your diagnosis?
E. Actinomycosis
488.
A male patient, who came from the Central Asia,
had persistent diarrhoeae, a loss of body weight
and signs of intoxication against whose
background he died. An autopsy revealed
numerous hepatic abscesses, the caecum was
characterized by dingy green areas of necrosis of
its mucous membrane, these areas slightly rose
above its surface and penetrated into the muscular
layer. The ulcers resulting from the necrosis were
characterized by undermined edges which hung
over their bottom. The inflammatory reaction in
the intestinal wall was poorly expressed. What
was the most probable disease in that case?
tonsil slightly enlarged and dense,
yellowish-greenish with a lot of small
cavities (honeycomb structure); soft
tissues with signs of purulent melting; a
lot of small abscesses, their centres having
intensive basophilic formations, consisted E.
of short rod-like elements connected with Actinomycosi
their one end to the common centre
s
persistent diarrhoeae, loss of body weight
and signs of intoxication; numerous
hepatic abscesses, caecum with dingy
green areas of necrosis of mucous
A. Salmonellosis
membrane; thay slightly rose above
B. Cholera
surface and penetrated into the muscular
C. Typhoid fever
layer; necrotic ulcers with undermined
D. Bacterial dysentery edges which hung over their bottom;
E. Amoebiasis
inflammatory reaction poorly expressed E. Amoebiasis
An autopsy of a 45-year-old male, who had had a
fever with signs of intoxication during his lifetime, revealed an enlarged dense spleen (500 g);
on section, its pulp had numerous grey-white and
white-yellow miliary necroses of follicles, and
there were infarct-like foci of necrosis under the
capsule. A histological examination revealed
hyperplasia of the follicles with breakdown of
leukocytes and accumulation of neutrophils, and
numerous thrombi in the vessels. Which of the
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
A.
Plague
B.
Haematogenous
general miliary
tuberculosis C.
Tularaemia
D. Typhoid fever
E. Relapsing fever
enlarged dense spleen with numerous
grey-white and white-yellow miliary
necroses in pulp; infarct-like foci of
necrosis under capsule; hyperplasia of
follicles with breakdown of leukocytes
and accumulation of neutrophils;
numerous thrombi
490.
The examination of the child with measles
showed the non-clear border edematous
fluctuated areas of red-black color in the soft
tissues of the cheeks and perineum. What
complication did develop in the child?
A. Dry gangrene
B. Gas gangrene
C. Bedsore
D. Trophic ulcer
E. Wet gangrene
(noma)
measles; non-clear border edematous
E. Wet
fluctuated areas of red-black color in soft gangrene
tissues
(noma)
491.
A 8 year-old child was ill acutely with clinical
signs of vomiting, headache and severe
intoxication. After two days of the disease he has
died. In autopsy the pathologist has found out:
meninges thickened, yellowish color on basal
surface, edema and hyperemia. Meningococcus
was detected from liquor fluid. Diagnose this
disease.
A.
Scarlet fever
B.
Pertussis
C.
Diphtheria
D.
Measles
E.
Meningococcal
infection
vomiting, headache, intoxication;
meninges thickened, yellowish color on
basal surface, edema and hyperemia;
meningococcus in liquor fluid
489.
E. Relapsing
fever
E.
Meningococca
l infection
492.
A 5 year-old girl has died because of asphyxia
owing to true croup. In the autopsy it was
established; mucosa of larynx, trachea and
bronchi dwarfed, edematous, dull, coated by
grayish fibrinous plaques, which were easily
removed. Described morphological changes are
characteristic for…:
493.
A 6 year-old child, was ill acutely with signs of
intoxication. In 2 day the patient has died. In
autopsy the pathologist has found out: meninges
of brain with edema, hyperemia, yellow-grey
exudate. Tissue of brain was edematous.
Microscopic investigation: there were neutrophils,
hyperemia, hemorrhages and edema in meninges.
Described changes are most typical for:
494.
A.
Choleric
typhoid is developed
B.
Development
of uremia is
connected with acute
glomerulonephritis C.
Fibrinous colitis is
found in autopsy D.
Patient has suffered from cholera. Clinical dates Exicosis is due to
are dehydratating, cyanosis and convulsions. In
action of virus
the result of massive infusion therapy the exicosis exotoxin
has been diminished, but anuria has been
E. Necrotic nephrosis
remained. Patient has dead because of uremia.
with cortical necrosis
What morphological features in kidney have been takes place in the
cholera; dehydratating, cyanosis and
found out?
kidneys
convulsions; anuria; uremia
A. Flu
B. Measles
C. Pertussis
D. Scarlet fever
E. Diphtheria
A.
Flu
B.
Pertussis
C.
Diphtheria
D.
Measles
E.
Meningococcal
meningitis
true croup; mucosa edematous, dull,
coated by grayish fibrinous plaques,
which were easily removed
E. Diphtheria
meninges edema, hyperemia, yellow-grey
exudate; brain edematous; neutrophils,
E.
hyperemia, hemorrhages and edema in
Meningococca
meninges
l meningitis
E. Necrotic
nephrosis with
cortical
necrosis takes
place in the
kidneys
495.
A 20-year-old girl developed complaints about an
expressed fatiguability of her ocular, masticatory,
speech and deglutitive groups of muscles, when
the normal contraction of the muscles after great
activity absolutely discontinued, but after some
rest the functioning of the muscles was restored
again. Some time later the pathological process
involved the muscles of the extremities and
intercostal ones. An inadequate ventilation of the
lungs resulted in development of the secondary
lobular pneumonia which caused the patient’s
death. An autopsy revealed an atrophy of the
striated muscles, their dystrophy with focal
clusters of the lymphocytes in the interstice. An
enlarged thymus was characterized by follicular
hyperplasia. What was the most probable
diagnosis?
A.
Pseudohypertrophic
muscular dystrophy B.
Amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis
C. Werdnig-Hoffman fatiguability of muscles; atrophy of
spinal amyotrophy
striated muscles; dystrophy with focal
D. Erb’s muscular
clusters of lymphocytes in interstice;
dystrophy E.
enlarged thymus with follicular
Myasthenia
hyperplasia
496.
An autopsy of a male, who died from uraemia,
revealed deformity of the spinal column with a
sharp limitation of mobility. The articular
cartilages of small joints of the spinal column
were destroyed, there were some expressed signs
of a prolonged chronic inflammation in the
articular tissues, the cavities of the joints were
filled with the connective tissue, but in some
places with the osseous one together with
formation of ankyloses. The aorta, heart and lungs
revealed a chronic inflammation and focal
sclerosis. The kidneys were characterized by
amyloidosis. What diagnosis was the most
probable in this case?
A. Rheumatoid
arthritis
B. Paget’s disease
(deforming
deformity of spinal column with sharp
osteosis) C.
limitation of mobility; articular cartilages
Parathyroid
osteodystrophy D.
destroyed; signs of prolonged chronic
Osteopetrosis
inflammation articular tissues; cavities
E.
(marble bone disease) filled with the connective and osseous
Bekhterev’s
E. Bekhterev’s disease tissue; ankyloses
disease
E. Myasthenia
497.
On autopsy of a male, who died from uraemia, it
was found that the pancreas was reduced in size,
his contracted kidneys had a fine-grained surface,
the liver was enlarged, yellow and flaccid.
Microscopically, the pancreatic tissue revealed an
atrophy of the parenchyma, including islets of
Langerhans, the atrophied parenchyma was
substituted for hyperplastic connective and fatty
tissues. The kidneys were characterized by
sclerosis and hyalinosis of the glomeruli, as well
as by a glycogenic infiltration of the tubules; there
was a fatty degeneration in the liver and a
fibrinous inflammation in the mucous coats of the
trachea, bronchi and stomach. What disease did
the died person suffer from?
498.
An autopsy of a male, who died from chronic
renal insufficiency, revealed atherosclerosis of the
aorta and large arteries, small and dense kidneys
with a fine-grained surface, an enlarged yellowbrown and flaccid liver, the pancreas was reduced
in size. Microscopically, there was
A. Arterial
atherocalcinosis of the aorta and arteries, an
nephrosclerosis
atrophy of the parenchyma, sclerosis and
B. Chronic
lipomatosis of the pancreas; the kidneys were
pancreatitis C.
characterized by hyalinosis of the mesangium and Chronic
glomeruli, a glycogenic infiltration of the
glomerulonephritis
epithelium of the tubules, with large-drop adiposis D. Steatosis E.
in the hepatocytes. What pathological process
Diabetic
took place in the kidneys?
nephrosclerosis
pancreas was reduced in size, contracted
kidneys with fine-grained surface; liver
enlarged, yellow and flaccid, fatty
degeneration; pancreas atrophy including
A. Chronic
glomerulonephritis B. islets of Langerhans; substituted by
Hypertensive disease hyperplastic connective and fatty tissues;
C. Chronic indurative kidneys with sclerosis and hyalinosis of
glomeruli; glycogenic infiltration of
pancreatitis D.
Steatosis
tubules; fibrinous inflammation in
E. Diabetes
E. Diabetes mellitus mucosa
mellitus
atherosclerosis of the aorta and large
arteries; small and dense kidneys with
fine-grained surface; enlarged yellowbrown and flaccid liver, large-drop
adiposis in hepatocytes; pancreas reduced,
sclerosis and lipomatosis of its stroma;
with hyalinosis of mesangium and
E. Diabetic
glomeruli, glycogenic infiltration of
nephrosclerosi
epithelium of tubules
s
499.
A 52-year-old male died from renal insufficiency.
On microscopic examination of his organs, the
pancreas revealed lipomatosis and sclerosis with
an atrophy of islets of Langerhans, the kidneys
had hyalinosis of the mesangium and glomeruli
(Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome) and a glycogenic
infiltration of the epithelium of the tubules, the
liver was characterized by fatty degeneration.
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most
probable?
A. Arterial
nephrosclerosis B.
Amyloid shrunk
kidneys C.
Chronic
glomerulonephritis
D. Goodpasture’s
syndrome E.
Diabetic
glomerulosclerosis
pancreas lipomatosis and sclerosis,
atrophy of Langerhans islets; kidneys
with hyalinosis of mesangium and
glomeruli (Kimrnelstiel-Wilson
syndrome); glycogenic infiltration of
epithelium; fatty degeneration of liver
500.
A 53-year-old male patient, who suffered from
peptic ulcer of the stomach for more than 25
years, was admitted to a surgical department with
complaints about frequent vomiting after taking
food, progressing loss of weight, severe thirst. At
the hospital, the signs of oliguria and later anuria
developed. The patient died. An autopsy revealed
a cicatricial stenosis of the pylorus and a sharp
enlargement of the stomach which practically
reached the pelvic region. Which of the
complication of peptic ulcer listed below caused
the patient’s death?
A.
Peritonitis
B.
Penetration of
ulcer C. Erosive
haemorrhage
D. Malignancy E.
Chlorhydropenic
uraemia
peptic ulcer of stomach; frequent
vomiting after taking food; progressing
loss of weight, severe thirst; signs of
E.
oliguria and anuria; cicatricial stenosis of Chlorhydrope
pylorus
nic uraemia
501.
A. Intralobular
A 47-year-old woman underwent radical
carcinoma in situ
mastectomy for a neoplasm. A histological
B. Acneiform
examination of the mammary gland revealed an carcinoma C.
eczematous lesion of the nipple and areola, a
Papillary
cancerous lesion of the ducts of the gland and
carcinoma
neoplasm; eczematous lesion of nipple
presence of large light cells in the epidermis of the D. Fibrous carcinoma and areola; cancerous lesion of ducts,
nipple and areola. Make a diagnosis.
E. Paget's disease
large light cells in epidermis
E. Diabetic
glomeruloscle
rosis
E. Paget's
disease
502.
A. Foliaceous tumour
A histological express examination of a tumour B. Noninfiltrating
node of a mammary gland revealed some
intralobular carcinoma
encapsulated formation with proliferation of
C. Infiltrating
encapsulated formation with proliferation
alveoli and intralobular ducts; the interstitial
intralobular carcinoma of alveoli and intralobular ducts;
connective tissue grew either around or inside the D. Paget's disease
interstitial connective tissue grew either E.
ducts. Which of the tumours took place?
E. Fibroadenoma
around or inside ducts
Fibroadenoma
503.
During an operation on a woman, her cyst-like
changed ovary was removed; it was a thin-walled
cavity filled with some yellowish transparent fluid
and having a smooth inner surface. Histologically,
the cavity wall was lined with the cubical
epithelium. Name the kind of the tumour.
504.
A histological examination of a biopsy from a
uterine cervix revealed that its tissue was covered
with a wide layer of the stratified squamous
epithelium having foci of proliferation of atypical
cells with pathological mitoses, but the basal
membrane of the epithelium was not affected.
What is your diagnosis?
A. Mucinous
cystadenoma B.
Serous
cystadenocarcinoma
C. Pseudomucinous
cystocarcinoma D.
Granulosa cell
tumour E. Serous
cystadenoma
A.
Nonkeratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
B.
Keratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
C.
Leukoplakia
D.
Epithelial
dysplasia
E.
Carcinoma in
situ
cyst-like changed ovary; thin-walled
cavity filled with some yellowish
transparent fluid and having a smooth
inner surface; cavity wall was lined with E. Serous
cubical epithelium
cystadenoma
stratified squamous epithelium having
foci of proliferation of atypical cells with
pathological mitoses; basal membrane not E. Carcinoma
affected
in situ
505.
A 39-year-old female with a clinical picture of
acute abdomen underwent surgical removal of an
enlarged uterine tube. On examination, the serous
coat of the uterine tube was dark purple, the
lumen contained some blood clots. A histological
examination of the wall of the tube revealed that
the mucous membrane had layers of the decidual
cells, and there were villi of the chorion among
the blood clots. What is the most probable
diagnosis?
506.
Microscopically, a scrape from the uterine cavity,
taken in a 36-year-old female against a
background of uterine bleeding, revealed a
neoplasm which consisted of a large number of
light epithelial cells of Langhans and multinuclear
symplasts, the number of figures of mitosis was
increased. The stroma was absent, the vascular
cavities were lined with the above cells. Make a
diagnosis of the uterine tumour.
507.
A. Placental polyp
B. Choriocarcinoma
C. Haematosalpinx
D. Salpingitis
E. Tubal pregnancy
acute abdomen; serous coat dark purple,
lumen contained some blood clots; layers
of decidual cells, villi of chorion among E. Tubal
blood clots
pregnancy
A. Endometrial
polyp B. Endometrial
adenocarcinoma C.
Simple
uterine bleeding; neoplasm which
hydatidiform mole
consisted of a large number of light
D. Invasive
epithelial cells of Langhans and
hydatidiform mole E. multinuclear symplasts; increased number
Choriocarcinoma
of figures of mitosis; stroma was absent
A.
Complete tubal
abortion
B.
Spontaneous
abortion
C.
Induced
A 30-year-old woman had ectopic tubal pregnancy abortion
which finished with a location of a fetus in the
D.
Criminal
ectopic tubal pregnancy finished with a
tubal cavity with bleeding. Call this pathology of abortion E. Incomplete location of fetus in tubal cavity with
pregnancy
tubal abortion
bleeding
E.
Choriocarcino
ma
E. Incomplete
tubal abortion
508.
The body of a young woman after delivery was
taken for autopsy procedure. In autopsy, the
following features were found: enlarged
particolored dimmed liver with areas of necrosis.
Microscopically the following signs were found in
the liver: hemorrhages, thrombosis of the vessels,
proteinous and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes;
necrosis of epithelium of kidney’s canals with
A. Toxic degeneration
fibrinoid necrosis of vessels’ walls and
of the liver B. Viral
hemorrhages in interstitial tissue; the hemorrhages hepatitis C. Cerebroalso can be seen in brain, heart, lungs and serous vascular disease
membranes. The main cause of death –
D.
Intravascular
hepatocellular insufficiency. What diagnosis is
coagulation syndrome
more probable?
E.
Eclampsia
509.
A.
heteropagus
A woman, 40 weeks of pregnancy, had a cesarian B.
homopagus
section. From the uterine cavity there were
C.
blastopagus D.
delivered symmetrically formed twins with fused all of the terms listed
heads while their bodies were divided. What is the are synonyms
symmetrically formed twins with fused
variant of twin deformity?
E. diplopagus
heads and divided bodies
E. diplopagus
510.
A. fetogenesis B.
A woman, 42 weeks of pregnancy, had a cesarian early neonatal
section. From the uterine cavity there were
period
delivered symmetrically formed twins with fused C. late neonatal period
heads while their bodies were divided. In what
D. embryogenesis
symmetrically formed twins with fused
period of development such an anomaly occured? E. blastogenesis
heads and divided bodies
E.
blastogenesis
enlarged parti-colored dimmed liver with
areas of necrosis, hemorrhages,
thrombosis of the vessels, proteinous and
fatty degeneration; necrosis of kidney
epithelium with fibrinoid necrosis of
vessels’ walls, hemorrhages; hemorrhages
in brain, heart, lungs and serous
membranes
E. Eclampsia
A. X-ray
examination in the
second trimester of
pregnancy
B.
abuse of
surrogate alcohol
C.
smoking
cannabis D. influenza defects of limbs development; shoulders
in the second trimester and forearms are absent, arms attach
of pregnancy
directly to body, are widespread and
E. taking thalidomide resemble a walrus flippers
511.
A patient W., born in 1960, has defects of the
development of the upper limbs - shoulders and
forearms are absent, arms attach directly to the
body, are widespread and resemble a walrus
flippers. Choose the teratogenic factor that was
most likely to cause such changes:
512.
At the ultrasound examination were found
A. ectopia of the lungs
multiple congenital malformations of the fetus.
B. agenesis of the
Abortion has been done on medical indications. lungs
At the pathoanatomical investigation: the lungs of C. neonatal
the fetus are reduced, the volume of each is
respiratory distress
approximately of the volume of the heart.
syndrome D. aplasia lungs of the fetus are reduced, the volume
Histologically structural elements of the
of the lungs E.
of each is approximately of volume of
pulmonary tissue are visualized. How to
hypoplasia of the
heart; histologically structural elements of E. hypoplasia
characterize such defect of the respiratory system? lungs
pulmonary tissue are visualized
of the lungs
E. taking
thalidomide
513.
A. hemorragia per
diabrosin
B.
squamous cell
carcinoma of the
esophagus
C.
such a defect
At the pathoanatomical examination of the
does not affect the
stillborn it was revealed that the esophagus is
health
represented by two isolated fragments, which are status
connected by thin cord of connective tissue. The D. neonatal
proximal fragment of the esophagus is combined respiratory distress
with the trachea in the region of its bifurcation.
syndrome
esophagus is represented by two isolated
What complication is typical for such congenital E.
aspiration
fragments; proximal fragment of
E. aspiration
defect?
pneumonia
esophagus is combined with trachea
pneumonia
514.
An individual is characterized by rounded face,
broad forehead, a mongolian type of eyelid fold,
flattened nasal bridge, permanently open mouth,
projecting lower lip, protruding tongue, short
neck, flat hands, and stubby fingers. What
diagnosis can be put to the patient?
515.
A. Down's syndrome
A woman who was sick with rubella during the
B. Edward's syndrome
pregnancy gave birth to a dead child with hare lip C. Genocopy
and cleft palate. This congenital defect is an
D. Phenocopy
rubella during pregnancy; hare lip and cleft E. Patau's
example of:
E. Patau's syndrome palate
syndrome
A.
Alkaptonuria
rounded face, broad forehead, mongolian
B.
Supermales
type of eyelid fold, flattened nasal bridge,
C.
Turner's
permanently open mouth, projecting
syndrome D.
Klinefelter's syndrome lower lip, protruding tongue, short neck, E. Down's
E. Down's syndrome flat hands, and stubby fingers
syndrome
516.
A.
Incomplete
tubal abortion
B.
Complete tubal
abortion
C.
Induced
Metrorrhagia and uterine discharge contained the abortion
fetus developed in the women with 19 weeks
D.
Criminal
pregnancy after lifting a heavy thing. What is your abortion
Metrorrhagia; uterine discharge contained E. Late
diagnosis?
E.
Late abortion fetus; 19 weeks pregnancy
abortion
517.
Autopsy of a fetus who died of intranatal asphyxia
due to acute disturbance of utero-placental
A.
Spasm
circulation revealed small perivascular punctuates B.
Erosion
hemorrhages in the pia mater, under the
C.
Edema
intranatal asphyxi; small perivascular
epicardium and pleura. What is the most probable D.
Rupture E.
punctuates hemorrhages in the pia mater, E. Increased
mechanism of the vascular wall damage?
Increased permeability under the epicardium and pleura
permeability
518.
A. Aspiration of
amniotic fluid
B. Intrauterine
asphyxia
C. Imperfection of
nervous regulation of
respiration D.
Intrauterine
hypercapnia E.
Immaturity of
alveolarparenchyma
The Respiratory Distress Syndrome often takes connected with
place in immature newborns. What is the most deficiency of
probable cause of this syndrome?
surfactant
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
E. Immaturity of
alveolarparenchyma
connected with
deficiency of
surfactant
519.
A. Birth injury
B. Pneumonia in
newborn
C. Respiratory distress
Autopsy of the newborn showed jaundice of the syndrome of newborn
skin, signs of the bilirubin encephalopathy in D. Edematous
the brain substance, bilirubin infarctions in the hemorrhagic
kidneys, enlarged liver and spleen. His mother syndrome
jaundice, bilirubin encephalopathy and
is Rh- negative. The child died on the third day E. Hemolytic disease infarctions in the kidneys, enlarged liver E. Hemolytic
after birth. What is your diagnosis?
of newborn
and spleen; Rh- negative mother
disease of newborn
520.
A. Hemolytic
Microscopic examination of the lungs of a
disease of newborn
dead 2day-old newborn showed: pinkish
B.
Birth injury C.
masses that line the respiratory bronchioles, Pneumonia in
alveoli. These masses are largely made up of newborn
fibrinogen and fibrin, admixed with cell
D. Edematous
debris chiefly from necrotic alveolar lining hemorrhagic syndrome
pneumocytes. Areas of dys- and atelectasis E.
Hyaline
are found out too. What is your diagnosis? membranes
521.
A. Hemolytic
disease of newborn
B.
Pneumonia in
In autopsy of a 6-month-old infant it was
newborn
found out: small cysts in pancreatic glands, C.
Respiratory
signs of chronic bronchitis with atelectasis, distress syndrome of
bronchiectasis, fatty changes and cholestasis newborn D. Edimatous
in liver, coprostasis in intestine. Described hemorrhagic syndrome
changes are typical for…:
E. Mucoviscidosis
pinkish masses line the respiratory
bronchioles, alveoli; made up of
fibrinogen and fibrin, admixed with
cell debris chiefly from necrotic
alveolar lining pneumocytes
E. Hyaline membranes
small cysts in pancreatic glands,
signs of chronic bronchitis with E.
atelectasis,
bronchiectasis; Mucoviscidosi
coprostasis in intestine
s
522.
523.
In microscopic examination of a 2-day-old
preterm-newborn it was found out: diffuse
edema and numerous hemorrhages in the
lungs, pulmonary capillaries overfull by
blood. What is the probable diagnosis?
A. Hemolytic
disease of newborn
B.
Birth injury C.
Pneumonia in
newborn
D. Respiratory distress pre-term-newborn; diffuse edema and
syndrome of newborn numerous hemorrhages in lungs;
E.
E.
Edematoushemorrhagic pulmonary capillaries overfull by
Edematoushemorrhagic
syndrome
blood
syndrome
On autopsy of a 71-year-old male, who had
worked as a stone grinder for 14 years and died
from cardiopulmonary insufficiency, his lungs
were enlarged and dense, they revealed numerous
miliary and larger grey or grey-black nodules
rounded, oval or irregular in shape and dense in
consistency. A microscopic examination revealed
some peribronchial and perivascular vegetation of
the connective tissue, scleroid interalveolar septa,
catarrhal-desquamative bronchitis,
bronchoectases, a diffuse emphysema. The
nodules were represented by clusters of
coniophages with collagen fibres among them,
some nodules had a fibrous structure. What
disease is characterized by the above changes in
the lungs?
stone-grinder; lungs enlarged and dense
with numerous miliary and larger grey or
grey-black nodules rounded, oval or
irregular in shape and dense in
consistency; peribronchial and
A. Anthracosis B.
perivascular vegetation of the connective
Bronchiectatic
disease
tissue, scleroid interalveolar septa,
C. Chronic bronchitis bronchoectases, a diffuse emphysema;
D. Bronchial asthma clusters of coniophages with collagen
E. Silicosis
fibres
E. Silicosis
524.
An autopsy of a 59-year-old male, who had
worked in mine for 19 years, revealed the
following changes in the lungs: chronic deforming
bronchitis, chronic bronchopneumonia, an
expressed emphysema, sclerotic changes in the
vascular walls, irregular caverns with crumbling
black walls and some black contents. The lymph
nodes were enlarged and black. Histologically, the
A. Siderosis
lungs revealed perivascular and peribronchial
B. Silicosis
sclerosis, sclerosis of interalveolar septa and a
large number of macrophages whose cytoplasm C. Aluminosis
contained some grey-black or slate pigment.
D. Asbestosis
Name the most probable pathology.
E. Anthracosis
525.
An autopsy of a young male, who served aboard a
nuclear submarine and during his life-time
revealed severe anaemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia and an expressed haemorrhagic
syndrome, revealed the following changes:
panmyelophthisis, decomposition of lymphocytes
in the lymph nodes, spleen and lymphatic
apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as
haemorrhages in the mucosal membranes of the
stomach, intestines and adrenal glands. What
disease developed in this case?
miner; chronic deforming bronchitis,
chronic bronchopneumonia, an expressed
emphysema, sclerotic changes in the
vascular walls, irregular caverns with
crumbling black walls and some black
contents; lymph nodes were enlarged and
black; perivascular and peribronchial
sclerosis, sclerosis of interalveolar septa
and a large number of macrophages
whose cytoplasm contained some
greyblack or slate pigment
E. Anthracosis
A. Acute
hypoplastic anaemia
B.
Vibration
served aboard a nuclear submarine; severe
disease
C.
Acute leukaemia anaemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
D. Decompression
and an expressed haemorrhagic syndrome;
sickness
panmyelophthisis, decomposition of
E. Acute radiation
lymphocytes in lymphoid organs; multiple
sickness
haemorrhages
E. Acute
radiation
sickness
526.
An autopsy of a 56-year-old male, who had
worked as a driller of boreholes during his
lifetime, revealed dry gangrene of the toes and
feet, an atrophy of the forearm, deltoid and
rhomboid muscles. Microscopically, the muscles A. Decompression
were characterized by an atrophy, the distal
sickness
epiphyses of the radial and ulnar bones had foci of B.
Deforming
osteoporosis and sclerosis, the carpal bones had arthrosis
numerous cysts, marks of pathological fractures C.
Myopathy D.
and deformities; in the arteries there was a sharp Obliterating
narrowing of their lumens up to the absolute
endarteritis
obliteration. What disease developed in this case? E. Vibration disease
driller of boreholes; dry gangrene of toes
and feet, an atrophy of forearm, deltoid
and rhomboid muscles; muscles with
atrophy signs; osteoporosis and sclerosis
of forarm bones; carpal bones with
numerous cysts, marks of pathological
fractures and deformities; sharp
E. Vibration
narrowing and obliteration in arteries
disease
527.
An autopsy of a 43-year-old male, who had
A. Obliterating
worked as a diver during his life-time, revealed in endarteritis
the long bones of his lower extremities some foci B.
Deforming
of osteoporosis surrounded by an area of sclerosis, arthrosis
as well as foci of aseptic necrosis of the bone
C.
Myopathy
tissue and osteomyelitis. The joints were
D. Vibration
characterized by deformity, an atrophy of the
disease E.
cartilage, phenomena of arthritis. What disease
Decompression
developed in this man?
sickness
diver; foci of osteoporosis surrounded by
an area of sclerosis; foci of aseptic
necrosis of bone tissue and osteomyelitis; E.
joints deformity, an atrophy of the
Decompressio
cartilage, phenomena of arthritis
n sickness
528.
529.
530.
An autopsy of a female, who had worked as a
radiologist for 20 years and died from double
pneumonia, revealed numerous haemorrhages of
various remoteness on the skin, mucous and
serous membranes, general haemosiderosis. The
marrow of the sternum was yellow, the liver and A.
Hypoplastic
kidneys were yellow-clay and flaccid, the
anaemia
myocardium was flaccid, from the side of the
B.
Aplastic
endocardium it had yellow-white lines.
anaemia C. Acute
Microscopically, the marrow was characterized by radiation
panmyelophthisis, there was fatty degeneration of sickness
the parenchymatous organs and purulent
D.
AIDS
pneumonia in the lungs. What disease developed E.
Chronic
in this case?
radiation sickness
A.
Tuberculosis,
mycobacteriosis
B.
Dysentery,
cholera
Acquired immunodeficiencies often are caused by C.
Q fever, typhus
D. Infectious
an infection, where causative agents reproduce
directly in the cells of the immune system,
mononucleosis, AIDS
destroying them in the process. It is characteristic E. Poliomyelitis,
of the following diseases:
hepatitis A
A. Transplantation
After sensitization a test animal received
immune reaction B.
subcutaneously a dose of antigen. At the site of
Delayed
injection a fibrinous inflammation developed with hypersensitivity
alteration of vessel walls, basal substance, and
C.
Normergic
fibrous structures of connective tissue. The
reaction
inflammation took form of mucoid and fibrinoid D.
Granulomatosis
degeneration, fibrinoid necrosis. What immune
E. Immediate
response occurred in the test animal?
hypersensitivity
radiologist for 20 years; numerous
haemorrhages on the skin, mucous and
serous membranes, general
haemosiderosis; marrow of the sternum
yellow, liver and kidneys yellow-clay and
flaccid, myocardium flaccid;
panmyelophthisis; fatty degeneration of E. Chronic
parenchymatous organs and purulent
radiation
pneumonia
sickness
infection agents reproduce directly in the D. Infectious
cells of the immune system, destroying
mononucleosi
them
s, AIDS
sensitizated animal received
subcutaneously a dose of antigen;
fibrinous inflammation with alteration of
vessel walls, basal substance, and fibrous
structures of connective tissue in site of E. Immediate
injection; mucoid and fibrinoid
hypersensitivit
degeneration, fibrinoid necrosis
y
531.
A. Polyarteritis
nodosa B.
Autopsy of the body of a woman revealed the
following morphological changes: stenosis of the Rheumatism C.
Systemic lupus
atrioventricular opening, mitral insufficiency.
Histologically there are focal cardiosclerosis and erythematosus
’’blooming” Aschoff nodules in the myocardium. D. Dermatomyositis
What is the most likely diagnosis?
E. Scleroderma
A. Proliferation B.
Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Apoptosis
E. Differentiation
stenosis of the atrioventricular opening,
mitral insufficiency; focal cardiosclerosis
and ’’blooming” Aschoff nodules in
B.
myocardium
Rheumatism
532.
Unlike the nerve cells that do not reproduce, the
stem cell can regenerate multiple times. The
process of repeated cell regeneration is called:
533.
For the last three years a 45-year-old man had
A. Dust-induced
been suffering from dry cough, progressing
pneumosclerosis B.
dyspnea, pulmonary failure, and rapid weight loss. Multiple
Autopsy of his body shows cor pulmonale. The
bronchiectasis C.
lungs are markedly fibrotic, with cavities that
Bronchial asthma
resemble a honeycomb pattern. Histology
D. Chronic bullous
revealed interstitial fibrosis and marked
emphysema
lymphohistiocytic stromal infiltration with
E. Postinflammatory
neutrophilic admixture. Make the diagnosis:
pneumosclerosis
dry cough, progressing dyspnea, cor
pulmonale; lungs markedly fibrotic, with
cavities that resemble a honeycomb
B. Multiple
pattern; interstitial fibrosis
bronchiectasis
534.
Autopsy of the body of a 35-year-old drug
addicted man with a long history of fibrocavitary
pulmonary tuberculosis shows enlarged and dense
spleen and kidneys. On section their tissues are
grayish and have a ’’fatty” sheen.
Microscopically, in the red and white splenic pulp
and in the renal glomerular interstitium and
mesangium there are deposits of Congo
redpositive masses. Diagnose the type of damage
to the internal organs:
fibrocavitary pulmonary tuberculosis;
enlarged and dense spleen and kidneys;
tissues grayish and have a ’’fatty” sheen; E. Secondary
deposits of Congo red-positive masses
amyloidosis
A. Diffuse hyalinosis
B. Idiopathic
amyloidosis
C.
Local tumorlike amyloidosis
D.
Senile
amyloidosis E.
Secondary
amyloidosis
regenerate multiple times; Multiplication A.
of cells
Proliferation
536.
A patient with bilateral adrenal damage developed A. Porphyrin
dark-brown skin color. Histochemical analysis of B. Biliverdine
the patient’s skin shows negative Peris reaction. C. Lipofuscin
What pigment caused the skin discoloration in this D. Hemosiderin
case?
E. Melanin
A. Acute
gangrenous
cholecystitis
B.
Acute
Pathomorphology of the gallbladder after
catarrhal
cholecystectomy shows that it is enlarged, its
cholecystitis C.
walls are thickened, its serous tunic is dull and
Chronic
plethoric; there are viscous yellow-green masses cholecystitis D.
in the gallbladder cavity. Microscopically, a
Acute phlegmonous
diffuse infiltration of segmented neutrophils is
cholecystitis
observed in the gallbladder wall. What type of
E. Granulomatous
cholecystitis is the most likely in this case?
cholecystitis
537.
A young man came to a hospital with complaints A. Epispadia
of disturbed urination. Examination of his external
genitalia revealed the urethra to be split on the
B. Paraphimosis
top, with urine flowing out of this opening. What C. Hypospadias
type of external genitalia maldevelopment is
D. Phimosis
observed in this case?
E. Hermaphroditism
535.
bilateral adrenal damage; dark-brown skin
color; negative Peris reaction
E. Melanin
gallbladder walls thickened, serous tunic
is dull and plethoric; viscous yellowgreen D. Acute
masses in gallbladder cavity; diffuse
phlegmonous
infiltration of segmented neutrophils
cholecystitis
urethra are split on top
A. Epispadia
538.
Histology of a biopsy material obtained from the
liver of a 67-year- old man, who for a long time
has been suffering from chronic diffuse
obstructive emphysema, revealed the following
morphological changes: central veins are dilated;
sinusoids in the center of hepatic lobules are
hyperemic and exhibit signs of capillarization; a
portion of hepatocytes has undergone dystrophic
changes; moderate perivascular sclerosis;
periportally one can observe hepatocytes with
signs of fatty degeneration. What type of liver
damage is it?
A. Fatty hepatosis
B. Goose liver
C. Portal cirrhosis
D. Nutmeg liver
E. Brimstone liver
539.
A 50-year-old woman has a round neoplasm, 2,5
cm in diameter, in her ovary. On section the
neoplasm has a cavity with pale yellow
transparent liquid. The inner walls of the cavity
are smooth. Macroscopically, this neoplasm can
be classified as a:
A. Cyst
B. Ulcer
C. Node with an
infiltration in its center round neoplasm in ovary; cavity with pale
D. Infiltration
yellow transparent liquid; inner walls of
E. Node
cavity are smooth
A. Cyst
540.
A man has suffered a recurrent intramural
myocardial infarction. After a course of treatment
and rehabilitation, he was discharged from the
hospital in a satisfactory condition and registered
for regular check-ups with his therapist. Two
years later he died in a car crash. What type of the
pathological process was detected in his
myocardium during the autopsy?
A. Necrosis B.
Small-focal
cardiosclerosis
C. Large-focal
cardiosclerosis
D.
Hyperplasia
E. Atrophy
chronic diffuse obstructive emphysema;
central veins are dilated; sinusoids in
center of hepatic lobules are hyperemic;
periportally hepatocytes with signs of
fatty degeneration
D. Nutmeg
liver
C. Large-focal
cardiosclerosi
recurrent intramural myocardial infarction s
542.
A patient has gradually developed a skin plaque
on his face. In the center of this plaque there are
necrotic patch and an ulcer. Histopathological
analysis of the biopsy material reveals
proliferation of atypical epithelial cells with a
large number of pathologic mitoses. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
Autopsy of the body of a 52- year-old man, who
had a long history of tuberculous prostatitis and
died of meningoencephalitis, detected a large
number of dense gray nodules 0.5-1 mm in
diameter in the pia mater at the basal and lateral
surfaces of the brain, spleen, kidneys, and liver.
Histologically, these nodules consist of
epithelioid, lymphoid, and a small number of
giant cells with horseshoe-shaped nuclei located
at the periphery of the cell. These changes
indicate:
A. Sarcoma
B. Papilloma
C. Trophic ulcer
D. Fibroma
E. Skin cancer
A. Septicopyemia
B. Secondary
tuberculosis C.
Macrofocal
disseminated
tuberculosis D.
Peracute
tuberculous
sepsis
E. Miliary
tuberculosis
543.
14 days after the recovery from tonsillitis, a
15year-old teenager developed face edema in the
morning, high blood pressure, and urine
resembling ’’meat slops’.’ Immunohistochemistry
of renal biopsy material revealed immune
complex deposits on the capillary basement
membrane and in the glomerular mesangium.
What disease is it?
A. Acute
glomerulonephritis
B. Lipoid nephrosis
C. Acute interstitial
nephritis
D. Acute
pyelonephritis E.
Necrotic nephrosis
541.
skin plaque; necrotic patch and ulcer in
center; proliferation of atypical epithelial
cells with a large number of pathologic
mitoses
E. Skin cancer
tuberculous prostatitis;
meningoencephalitis; large number of
dense gray nodules 0.5-1 mm in diameter
in pia mater and other organs; nodules
consist of epithelioid, lymphoid, and giant D. Peracute
cells with horseshoe-shaped nuclei
tuberculous
located at periphery of cell
sepsis
edema in morning, high blood pressure,
urine resembling ’’meat slops"; immune A. Acute
complex deposits on capillary basement glomerulonep
membrane and in glomerular mesangium hritis
544.
A 40-year-old man, a butcher, died of sepsis. On
his right cheek there is a dense dark-red
coneshaped infiltration, 6 cm in size, with a black
scab in its center. The right half of his face and
neck
are markedly swollen and dense. In the
infiltration, microscopy detects a peracute
serohemorrhagic inflammation. Epidermis and its
underlying layers are necrotic in the center of the
infiltration. What diagnosis was made by the
pathologist?
545.
A man, who died of internal bleeding
A. Capillary
(hemoperitoneum), had a dark- red sponge-like
hemangioma
node 15x10 cm in size in the subcapsular region B. Cavernous
of the liver. The node is clearly separated from the hemangioma
surrounding tissues. Microscopically, the node
C. Lymphangioma
tissue consists of large vascular thin- walled
D. Venous
cavities, lined with endotheliocytes and filled with hemangioma
liquid or coagulated blood. What type of tumor is E.
it?
Hemangiopericytoma
hemoperitoneum; dark- red sponge-like
node in liver; node is clearly separated
from the surrounding tissues, consists of
large vascular thin- walled cavities, lined B. Cavernous
with endotheliocytes and filled with liquid hemangioma
or coagulated blood
546.
Autopsy of the body of a woman with a history of
chronic dysentery includes histology of the
internal organs. Histologically, in the renal and
myocardial stroma and parenchyma, gastric
mucosa, and pulmonary connective tissue there
are amorphous violet deposits that produce
positive Von Kossa reaction. What complication
developed in this woman?
chronic dysentery; renal and myocardial
stroma and parenchyma, gastric mucosa,
and pulmonary connective tissue there are
amorphous violet deposits that produce E.
positive Von Kossa reaction
Amyloidosis
A. Plague
B. Tularemia
C. Phlegmon of the
neck D.
Anthrax
E. e. Furuncle
A. Metabolic
calcification
B. Metastatic
calcification
C. Dystrophic
calcification
D. Hyalinosis
E. Amyloidosis
butcher, died of sepsis; dense dark-red
cone-shaped infiltration with a black scab
in its center; peracute serohemorrhagic
inflammation; epidermis and its
underlying layers are necrotic in center of
infiltration
D. Anthrax
547.
A 49-year-old woman had a long history of
chronic glomerulonephritis, of which she died.
Autopsy shows that her kidneys are 7x3x2.5 cm in
size, have weight of 65.0 g, are dense and finely
granular. Fibrinous inflammation of serous and
A. Thrombocytopenia
mucous tunics, dystrophic degeneration of
B. Sepsis
parenchymal organs, and cerebral edema were
C. Uremia
detected as well. What complication caused such D. Anemia
changes in the serous tunics and internal organs? E. DIC syndrome
chronic glomerulonephritis; kidneys
reduced, dense and finely granular;
fibrinous inflammation of serous and
mucous tunics, dystrophic degeneration of C. Uremia
parenchymal organs, cerebral edema
548.
A 48-year-old man died with signs of heart
failure. Macroscopy of the heart shows that the
mitral valve cusps are dense, thickened, and
moderately deformed. Microscopically, the
bundles of collagen fibrils are homogenized,
A. Fibrinoid swelling
eosinophilic, and surrounded with slight
B. Mucoid swelling
macrophage infiltration; no metachromasia. Picro- C. Sclerosis
fuchsin staining reveals yellow foci. Diagnose the D. Hyalinosis
type of connective tissue damage:
E. Amyloidosis
mitral valve cusps are dense, thickened,
and moderately deformed; bundles of
collagen fibrils are homogenized,
eosinophilic, and surrounded with slight
macrophage infiltration; no
metachromasia, picro-fuchsin staining
reveals yellow foci
549.
A 6-year-old child had acute onset of the disease
that started as catarrhal nasopharyngitis. 2 days
later the patient died. Autopsy of the body shows
markedly plethoric and swollen pia mater that is
soaked with thick turbid yellow-green fluid. The
brain is swollen, the cerebellar tonsils are
enlarged, and there is a dearly visible ligature
mark on the brain. The described changes are
characteristic of:
catarrhal nasopharyngitis; plethoric and
swollen pia mater, is soaked with thick
turbid yellow-green fluid; brain swollen,
the cerebellar tonsils are enlarged, dearly C.
visible ligature mark on medulla
Meningococc
oblongata
osis
A. Measles
B. Pertussis
C. Meningococcosis
D. Diphtheria
E. Influenza
A. Fibrinoid
swelling
550.
A 7-year-old boy has a bright-pink punctate rash
against the background of hyperemia on his
forehead, neck, lower abdomen, and in the
popliteal spaces. His nasolabial triangle is pale. In
the oropharynx there is a bright-red hyperemic
area with clear margins, the tonsils are swollen
and friable, lacunas contain pus, the tongue is
raspberry pink. The cervical lymph nodes are
enlarged and painful. Make the diagnosis:
551.
After an out-of-hospital abortion, a woman
developed progressing purulent endomyometritis, A. Pulmonary sepsis
of which she died. Autopsy of the body revealed B. Septicopyemia
numerous pulmonary abscesses, small subcapsular C. Septicemia
pustules in the kidneys, splenic hyperplasia. What D. Chroniosepsis
type of sepsis developed in the woman?
E. Urosepsis
progressing purulent endomyometritis;
numerous pulmonary abscesses, small
subcapsular pustules in kidneys, splenic
hyperplasia
552.
A patient died with signs of heart failure. Autopsy
shows the following: postinfarction
cardiosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and dilated
cardiac chambers. The liver is enlarged, has
smooth surface, is plethoric on section, covered in
dark red specks against the brown-tinted
background of the tissue. Histologically, the
central veins of the hepatic lobules are plethoric;
there is erythrocyte diapedesis into the
perivascular space. Central hepatocytes are
dystrophic, while peripheral hepatocytes are
enlarged and affected by fatty degeneration. What
process occurred in the patient’s liver?
postinfarction cardiosclerosis, cardiac
hypertrophy, dilated cardiac chambers;
liver enlarged; smooth surface, is
plethoric on section, covered in dark red
specks against brown-tinted background
of tissue; central veins are plethoric;
erythrocyte diapedesis into perivascular
space; peripheral hepatocytes are enlarged C. Nutmeg
and affected by fatty degeneration
liver
A.
Diphtheria
B.
Rubella C.
Infectious
mononucleosis
D. Scarlet fever
E. Pertussis
A. Pseudonutmeg
liver
B. Amyloidosis
C. Nutmeg liver
D. Hepatic cirrhosis
E. Hepatic steatosis
bright-pink punctate rash; hyperemia on
forehead, neck, lower abdomen and in
popliteal spaces; nasolabial triangle is
pale; oropharynx bright-red hyperemic
area with clear margins, tonsils are
swollen and friable, lacunas contain pus,
tongue is raspberry pink; cervical lymph D. Scarlet
nodes are enlarged and painful
fever
B.
Septicopyemi
a
553.
Autopsy of the body revealed a large
wedgeshaped patch of a dense dark red tissue
with clear margins in the upper lobe of the right
lung. Histological examination detected there
necrosis of the alveolar walls; the alveolar lumen
is tightly packed with erythrocytes. What process
occurred in the lungs?
A. Gangrene
B.
Atelectasis C.
Hemorrhagic
infarction D.
Hemorrhage E.
Carneous
degeneration
554.
A. Portal hypertension
B. Acute left
ventricular failure C.
A patient who for a long time was suffering from Chronic right
rheumatism and had mitral stenosis died of'
ventricular failure D.
cardiopulmonary failure. Autopsy revealed brown Chronic left ventricular
induration of the lungs. What circulatory disorder failure E. Acute right rheumatism, and had mitral stenosis;
leads to such changes in the lungs?
ventricular failure
brown induration of lungs
555.
A. Staphylococcal
pneumonia
B.
Pneumococcal
pneumonia C.
Typhoid pneumonia
Microscopy of autopsy material detected that the D. Measles
alveolar lumens in the lungs are filled with
pneumonia
exudate, consisting mainly of erythrocytes. What E. Influenza virus
is the most likely cause of this development?
pneumonia
large wedge-shaped patch of dense dark
red tissue with clear margins in lung;
C.
necrosis of alveolar walls; alveolar lumen Hemorrhagic
is tightly packed with erythrocytes
infarction
alveolar lumens in lungs are filled with
exudate, consisting mainly of
erythrocytes
D. Chronic
left ventricular
failure
E. Influenza
virus
pneumonia
556.
A.
Hashimoto’s
thyroiditis (chronic
lymphocytic thyroiditis)
When examining a biopsy material obtained from B.
Graves’ disease
the thyroid gland, the pathologist discovered
(toxic diffuse goiter) C.
lymphocyte infiltration of the thyroid tissues and Papillary thyroid cancer
destruction of the parenchymal elements. Diffuse D. Undifferentiated
lymphocyte infiltration with lymphoid follicles thyroid carcinoma E.
was detected in the stroma. What is the most
Solid adenoma of the
likely diagnosis?
thyroid
A.
Hashimoto’s
lymphocyte infiltration of thyroid tissues thyroiditis
and destruction of parenchymal elements; (chronic
diffuse lymphocyte infiltration with
lymphocytic
lymphoid follicles
thyroiditis)
557.
Autopsy of the body revealed waxy degeneration
of the rectus abdominis muscles. In the terminal A. Crohn’s disease B.
segment of the small intestine there are ulcers 3-5 Nonspecific ulcerative
cm in diameter. The ulcer walls are covered in a colitis
crumbling grayish-yellow substance. The ulcer C. Typhoid fever
edges are moderately raised above the mucosa. D. Dysentery
Widal test is positive. Make the diagnosis:
E. Relapsing fever
waxy degeneration of rectus abdominis
muscles; ulcers in terminal segment of
small intestine; ulcer walls are covered in
crumbling grayish-yellow substance;
edges are moderately raised above
C. Typhoid
mucosa
fever
558.
A biopsy material obtained from a mammary
tumor has solid layers that consist of small
epithelial cells with polymorphic nuclei and
numerous pathological mitoses. The stroma is
scant and has lymphocyte infiltration. Make the
diagnosis:
tumor has solid layers that consist of
small
epithelial
cells
with
polymorphic nuclei and numerous
pathological
mitoses; stroma is scant
A.
Adenofibroma
B.
Adenoma C.
Medullary
carcinoma
D. Paget disease E.
Scirrhous carcinoma
C. Medullary
carcinoma
559.
Autopsy of the body of an 18-year-old young man
shows that the spleen weight is 580 grams, it is
dark-red on section, spleen pulp easily scrapes off. A. Cyanotic
Histologically, there is marked proliferation of
B. Leukemia
reticular cells and a large number of mature
C. Sago
neutrophils in the sinusoidal capillaries. In this
D. Porphyric
case the spleen can be described as:
E. Septic
560.
Section shows significant enlargement of the
patient’s right kidney. There is a nephrolith at the
place of incision. Renal pelvic lumen is distended
with accumulating urine. Renal parenchyma is
substantially thinned out. What is the most correct
diagnosis?
561.
A patient has ascites, his spleen is double the
normal size, he has esophageal and rectal varices.
Histology of the biopsy material obtained from
the liver revealed micronodular cirrhosis. What
complicated the hepatic cirrhosis in this case?
A.
Pyelectasis
B.
Renal cyst C.
Hydronephrosis
D.
Hydroureteronephrosi
s
E. Nephroblastoma
A.
Budd-Chiari
syndrome
B.
Hepatolienal
syndrome
C.
Portal
hypertension D.
Hepatocellular
dysfunction E. Heart
failure
spleen enlarged, dark-red on section,
spleen pulp easily scrapes off; marked
proliferation of reticular cells and large
number of mature neutrophils in the
sinusoidal capillaries
E. Septic
significant enlargement of kidney;
nephrolithiasis; renal pelvic lumen is
distended with accumulating urine;
parenchyma is substantially thinned out
C.
Hydronephros
is
ascites, spleen is double normal size;
esophageal and rectal varices;
micronodular cirrhosis of liver
C. Portal
hypertension
562.
A. Endocarditis
ulceropolyposa B.
Recurrent
verrucous endocarditis
C. Fibroblastic
Autopsy of the body revealed large (1- 2 cm)
endocarditis
brown-red deposits on the external surface of the D. Diffuse
aortic valve. The deposits cover ulcers and
endocarditis
large brown-red deposits on external
crumble easily. What disease can be suspected in E. Acute verrucous
surface of aortic valve; deposits cover
this case?
endocarditis
ulcers and crumble easily
A.
Endocarditis
ulceropolypos
a
563.
A 29-year-old man complains of headache,
swelling, weight gain, low urine output, and
marked weakness. Laboratory testing revealed
increased concentration of TSH. The levels of
estrogen, growth hormone, glucose, urea, and
creatinine are normal. What medical condition
corresponds with these signs?
E.
Hyperthyroidi
sm
A. Acromegalia
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Alimentary obesity
D. Hypothyroidism
E. Hyperthyroidism increased concentration of TSH