Topic 9.3 Growth in Plants Test
Name: ______________________
_____/70 marks
1. What best describes an efflux pump with a correct example?
a. Pumps material out of a cell; proton pump involved in cell wall acidification
b. pumps material into a cell; proton pump involved in cell wall acidification
c. Pumps material into a cell; formation of cellulose cell wall
d. Pumps material out of a cell; electron pump involved in thylakoid membrane.
2. The image below (Fig. 1) shows a micrograph of a developing plant. What structures are
labeled X and Y?
Fig. 1 Developing plant 400x magnification
a. X= primordial leaf; Y= shoot apical meristem
b. X= primordial leaf; Y= shoot lateral meristem
c. X= developing bud; Y= root apical meristem
d. X= shoot apical meristem; Y= primordial leaf
3. In Fig. 1, what structure is labeled Z?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Primordial leaf
Axillary bud
Primordial bud
Axillary shoot
4. What is the name given to areas of undifferentiated cells in the apex of roots and shoots of
growing plants?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lateral meristems
Adventitious root tip
Apical meristems
Stem cells
5. What is meristematic tissue AND where is it found?
a. Undifferentiated tissue; throughout the entire plant.
b. Undifferentiated tissue; in apical and lateral meristems.
c. Differentiated tissue, throughout plant
d. Differentiated tissue; in apical and lateral meristems
6. Cells on which side of the stem will undergo elongation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Light side
Both sides
In the middle
Dark side
7. Which of the following are involved in phototropism?
I. auxin
II. proton pumps
III. phototropins
IV. sunlight
a.
b.
c.
d.
I and II only
I, II and III only
II and III only
I, II, III and IV
8. What process can cause cells to elongate?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The movement of protons into the cell wall; loosening of the cellulose; efflux of water
The movement of protons into the cell wall; loosening of the cellulose; influx of water
The movement of protons into the cytoplasm; loosening of the cell wall; influx of water
The movement of protons into the nucleus; activating genes to loosen the cell wall; influx
of water
9. Micropropagation can be used to:
I. Produce many clones of new varieties of plants
II. Repopulate endangered plant species
III. Protect plants from viruses and bacteria found in the natural environment
a.
b.
c.
d.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III
10. Which processes best describe phototropism?
a. Plants growing towards light; cells on light side elongating
b. Plants growing away from light; cells on light side elongating
c. Plants growing toward light; cells on the dark side elongating
d. Plants growing towards light, cells on the light and dark side elongating
11. Why is it important for the cell wall to loosen during cell elongation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
To activate proton pumps
To allow active transport of water
To allow auxin to be released
To allow cell growth via osmosis to occur
12. What best describes a group of undifferentiated plant cells produced by micropropagation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
embryoid
explant/callus
plantlet
seedling
13. Which of the following DOES NOT require activation of gene expression (transcription and
translation)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
activation of proton pumps
production of auxin
influx of water
production of expansins
14. The microscope image and diagram below show the tip of an onion root. What are the
characteristics of the cells in the root tip which form the meristem?
a.
b.
c.
d.
They are small cells found at the very tip of the root
They are small undifferentiated cells
They are large undifferentiated cells
They are large cells found in straight lines
15. What is the name of the plant hormone which causes this unusual plant growth towards a
window?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Tropism
Albumen
Troponin
Auxin
16. Development of leaves and the growth of the stem in plants requires new cells. Which
processes together provide these cells in the meristem?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Mitosis and cell division
Cell division and cell elongation
Mitosis and transpiration
Meiosis and cell division
17. Which tissue allows plants to develop wider stems and roots?
a.
b.
c.
d.
phloem
xylem
lateral meristems
apical meristems
18. Which of the following are effects of auxin?
I. Increasing the rate of cell elongation in stems
II. Changing the pattern of gene expression in shoot cells
III. Detecting the direction of light
IV. Changing the rate of cell elongation in roots
a.
b.
c.
d.
I and II only
I and III only
I, II and III
I, II, and IV
19. Which of the following are true of the shoot meristem?
I. cells at the edge stop dividing and instead differentiate
II. mitosis occurs
III. it contains undifferentiated cells
a.
b.
c.
d.
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
20. Why is a high concentration of auxin used in micropropagation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
To stimulate development of roots and shoots
To prevent dormancy
To stimulate cell division
To prevent dehydration
21. Why is cytokinin hormone used in micropropagation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
To stimulate development of roots and shoots
To prevent dormancy
To stimulate cell division
To prevent dehydration
22. Why might gibberellin hormone be used in micropropagation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
To stimulate development of roots and shoots
To prevent dormancy
To stimulate cell division
To prevent dehydration
23. Name the response shown by the plant in the image below
which causes it to grow towards the light?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Phototropism
Photperiodism
Photoactivation
Photosynthesis
24. The graph to the right shows the results of an
experiment to evaluate the effect of different
concentrations of auxin on the growth of some
seedlings. The graph shows the change in length of
the seedlings as a percentage of the change in length
in a control group which had no auxin added.
Which of the following statements is the best
description of the change in length of the shoots in
concentrations of 10-1 and 10-2
At these values the change in length is negative.
a. Something has gone wrong in the experiment
at these concentrations.
b. The shoots grew less quickly than the control
group.
c. The shoots became shorter during the
experiment.
d. The shoots have started to bend showing phototropism.
25. Micropropagation uses plant tissue from the shoot apex to create clones of the original
plant. Which of the following suggestions are potential applications of this technique?
a. The rapid reproduction of a new variety of bananas.
b. The rapid production of a rare flower to increase the genetic variety in that population's
gene pool.
c. The reduction in the population of insect pests in a field of flowering maize
d. The rapid increase in the yield of a field of orange trees during a period of dry weather
26. In micropropagation, which of the following is/are true of an explant?
I. it contains genetically identical cells
II. it is split apart into separate cells
III. it contains unspecialised cells
a.
b.
c.
d.
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
27. In micropropagation, where are cells to be cloned usually taken from?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Leaves
Shoot apex
Xylem
Phloem
28. Which of the following explains why plant shoots bend towards unidirectional light?
a.
b.
c.
d.
More auxin diffuses to the unshaded side to increase cell elongation
More auxin diffuses to the shaded side to decrease cell elongation
More auxin diffuses to the unshaded side to decrease cell elongation
More auxin diffuses to the shaded side to increase cell elongation
29. Which of the following is not involved in causing a plant shoot to bend towards unidirectional
light?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cell division
The shoot tip
Cell elongation
Auxin
30. What is the best description of a plan meristem?
a. An area of a plant undergoing rapid differentiation so that the plant continues growing
b. A new structure growing in a plant, for example, a leaf or a flower.
c. An area containing undifferentiated cells which divide by mitosis throughout the life of the
plant.
d. An area of small cells undergoing meiosis in the apex of a plant.
31. Which of the following is thought to be used inside plants to move auxin within a growing
shoot?
Fig. 2
a. Auxin efflux pumps
b. Auxin channel proteins
c. The hydrolysis of auxin in lysosomes of cells
d. Auxin binding to a transcription factor
The graph to the right (Fig. 2) shows the results of an experiment
to test five concentrations of auxin on the growth of some
seedlings. The graph shows the change in length of the seedlings
as a percentage of the change in length in a control group which
had no auxin added.
32. Which of the following statements is the best explanation of the results shown in Fig. 2?
a. The low concentrations promote lengthening of the shoots but the higher concentrations
inhibit growth.
b. As the concentration of auxin increases the length of the shoots decreases.
c. The higher concentrations promote lengthening of the shoots but the lower
concentrations inhibit growth.
d. The auxin action causes 100% growth at low concentration and causes the seedlings to
shrink at high concentrations.
33. Which of the following are true of phototropism of plant shoots when exposed to incoming
light from one side?
I. more auxin diffuses to the side closest to light
II. more cells elongate on the shaded side
III. receptor cells (phototropins) that detect light are stimulated in the shoot tip
a.
b.
c.
d.
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
Fig. 3
34. In roots, high auxin concentrations inhibit cell
elongation. Where is auxin found?
a.
b.
c.
d.
At the root tips only
The lower side of the root
The upper side of the root
It is evenly distributed throughout the root
35. What causes some cells in the shoot apex to develop into leaves and others to develop into
flowers?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The cells contain different genes
The cells acquire different mutations
The cells contain different numbers of chromosomes
The cells express different genes