Biology Term 2 Periodic Exam 2 Study Guide Covering Biology – The Diversity of Life chapters 10 & 13 Name ____________________ Exam Date ______________ Chapter 10 1. List and briefly describe the 7 characteristics that most living organisms share. 1 ________ 2 ________ 3 ________ 4 ________ 5 ________ 6 ________ 7 ________ 2. How did Aristotle classify organisms? 3. Carolus Linnaeus changed Aristotle’s system of classification in the 1700’s. How did the Linnaean system work? 4. How is knowledge of DNA incorporated into modern classification systems? 5. Compare and contrast the classification schemes of Whittaker and Woese. 6. What is your mnemonic device to help you remember the taxonomic groups? 7. What are the 5 kingdoms (from Whittaker’s system)? 8. Which kingdom(s) include one-celled organisms? 9. Which kingdom(s) include both autotrophs and heterotrophs? 10. To which kingdom do viruses belong? Why are they classified this way? 11. List at least 3 examples of scientific names for organisms. What language are these written in? 12. Why is it helpful to use scientific names? 13. Draw a prokaryotic cell and label these features: chromosome, cell membrane, cell wall, capsule, ribosomes, flagella. 14. What are the names of the multicellular protists? 15. What are cell walls made out of in the kingdom Fungi? What about in the kingdom Plantae? 16. What is mycelium? What is its function, and where would you find it? 17. How are animals with no backbones classified? Name the phyla that they belong in. 18. Name the 4 classes of arthropods, and describe the defining characteristics for each. 1 ______________: 2 ______________: 3 ______________: 4 ______________: 19. Give an example of a mollusk that lives on land and one that lives underwater. 20. What is the most important similarity between organisms in the phylum Chordata? 21. What is a mammary gland, and in which taxonomic group would you expect to find them? 22. Describe the similarities and differences between reptiles and amphibians. Similarities Differences 23. Which classes of vertebrates are endotherms? 24. What are the key differences between the 3 classes of fish? 25. Draw a simple branching diagram of kingdom Plantae’s classification using these terms: nonvascular, seedless vascular, angiosperms, gymnosperms, monocots, dicots 26. Give the Kingdom, Phylum, and Class of these organisms: Name Kingdom Phylum Shark Palm tree Leech Scorpion Class Chapter 13 27. What is the difference between a population and a community? 28. What does the word “abiotic” mean? List some abiotic factors of an ecosystem. 29. Explain how a niche is different than a habitat. 30. Why is biodiversity considered a measure of ecosystem health? 31. List some commercial products that depend on maintaining biodiversity. 32. List 4 environmental events that can destroy an ecosystem, then categorize the succession that will take place as either primary or secondary. 1 _____________________________: _____________________________ 2 _____________________________: _____________________________ 3 _____________________________: _____________________________ 4 _____________________________: _____________________________ 33. What is a pioneer species? Give a few examples. 34. What characteristics would make a species a good pioneer species? 35. Explain the key differences between primary and secondary succession. 36. What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? 37. How would you represent a parasite in a food chain? Where would you place it? 38. How many trophic levels can a typical ecosystem support? Why? 39. What kinds of organisms would you find at the base of an aquatic ecosystem? 40. Create a food web for an ecosystem you are familiar with. Include at least 10 species. 41. Why is energy lost as you move up trophic levels? Explain where that energy goes. 42. Explain the difference between a pyramid of numbers and a pyramid of biomass. 43. Which type of pyramid is best for drawing conclusions about an ecosystem? Why? 44. What is diffusion and how does it factor in the water cycle? 45. Fill in the diagram below with the corresponding letter (A-G) description: A. B. C. D. Free nitrogen in the air E. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules/soil Bacteria free nitrogen into air F. Decomposers release nitrogen from dead organisms Nitrogen fixed by lightning G. Nitrogen used by plants & Animals eat plants Usable nitrogen in soil 46. How has the burning of fossil fuels impacted the carbon cycle? 47. What is deamination, and what organisms can do it? 48. How do you calculate a population’s growth rate? 49. List some common limiting factors for an ecosystem. 50. Give an example of intraspecific competition and an example of interspecific competition. 51. Name the type of symbiosis for each of the following: a. An insect sucks fluid from a plant for food & it harms the plant: __________________ b. A bee feeds on a flower’s nectar & pollinates the flowers by visiting many flowers ______________ c. A bird feeds on the bugs a cow stirs up as it grazes on grass ________________ d. Mistletoe sucks up the nutrients of the tree it grows upon ______________________ e. An aphid drinks up the nectar on the leaf it inhabits gradually using up all the leaf _______________ f. An ant protects an aphid and the aphid gives nectar to the ant ____________________ 52. What type of growth curve is shown below? Label each Phase with its descriptive name. 53. Describe the differences that are typically seen in age pyramids representing developed countries as compared to developing countries.
