Post-Graduate Diploma in IT Course Code: PGDIT-201 Course Title: System Analysis and Design Lecture -1 Mehrin Anannya Lecturer, Institute of Information Technology, Jahangirnagar University. Contents Reference Books Introduction Why study system analysis and design? Data versus information What is a system? Information system 2 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Reference Books System Analysis and Design Methods 7th Edition by Jeffrey L. Whitten & Lonnie D. Bentley System Analysis and Design 6th Edition by Dennis, Wixom, Roth Systems Analysis & Design An Object-Oriented Approach With Uml (2015) by Dennis, Wixom, Tegarden 3 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Introduction Systems Analysis and Design (SAD) is an exciting, active field in which analysts continually learn new techniques and approaches to develop systems more effectively and efficiently. However, there is a core set of skills that all analysts need to know no matter what approach or methodology is used. All information systems projects move through the four phases of planning, analysis, design, and implementation. All projects require analysts to gather requirements, model the business needs, and create blueprints for how the system should be built. All projects require an understanding of organizational behavior concepts like change management and team building. 4 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Why study System Analysis and Design? Analyzing business requirements for information systems and designing information systems that fulfill those business requirements. Plays a vital component of successful businesses Helps businesses expand and compete Businesses use IS and IT To improve efficiency and effectiveness of business processes For managerial decision making For workgroup collaboration The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. 5 Data versus Information Data are raw facts about physical phenomena or business transactions. Information is data that has been converted into meaningful and useful context for end users. Example: Sales data is names, quantities and dollar amounts Sales information is amount of sales by product type, sales territory or salesperson 6 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. What is a system? A system Is a set of interrelated components that function together to achieve a desired result. has a clearly defined boundary. 7 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. System has three basic functions Input involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed. Processing involves transformation process that convert input into output. Output involves transferring elements that have been produced by the transformation process to their ultimate destination. 8 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. A business as a system 9 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Information System An organized combination of People Hardware Software Communication networks Data resources That stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization Capture and manage data to produce useful information that supports an organization and its employees, customers, suppliers and partners. 10 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Schematic model of an Information System Feedback Input Processing Output 11 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Information System Model 12 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Components of an IS People Resources End users: the people who use the IS or the information from the IS IS specialists: the people who develop and operate IS Hardware Resources All physical devices used in information processing Machines, data media, peripherals Software Resources All information processing instructions including programs and procedures System software, application software and procedures The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. 13 Components of an IS (cont.) Data Resources Facts about the business transactions Processed and organized information Databases of organized data Network Resources Communications media Network infrastructure: hardware and software The Internet, intranets and extranets 14 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Types of IS 15 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Operations Support Systems Efficiently process business transactions Control industrial processes Support communications and collaboration Update corporate databases 16 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Types of Operations Support Systems Transaction Processing Systems Record and process data from business transactions Examples: sales processing, inventory systems, accounting systems Process Control Systems Monitor and control physical processes Example: in a petroleum refinery use sensors to monitor chemical processes Enterprise Collaboration Systems Enhance team and work group communications Examples: e-mail, videoconferencing The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. 17 Two ways to process transactions Batch Processing: Accumulate transactions over time and process periodically Example: a bank processes all checks received in a batch at night Online Processing: Process transactions immediately Example: a bank processes an ATM withdrawal immediately 18 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Management Support Systems Focuses on managerial uses of information resources. Provide information and support for effective planning and decision making by managers. The information provided by these systems is based on both the internal and external data using various data analysis tools. It offers a choice to the user to select out of these tools for the purpose of data analysis. These systems serve the information needs of managers at middle and top levels in the managerial hierarchy. 19 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Types of Management Support Systems Management Information Systems (MIS) Provide reports and displays to managers Example: daily sales analysis reports Decision Support Systems (DSS) Provide interactive ad hoc support for decision making Example: A what-if-analysis to determine where to spend advertising dollars Executive Information Systems (EIS) Provide critical information for executives and managers Example: easy access to actions of competitors The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. 20 Operational or Management Systems Expert Systems Provide expert advice Example: credit application advisor Knowledge Management Systems Support creation, organization and dissemination of business knowledge throughout company Example: Intranet access to best business practices 21 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Measuring success of an IS Efficiency Minimize cost, time and use of information resources Effectiveness Support business strategies Enable business processes Enhance organizational structure and culture Increase the customer and business value 22 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. Developing IS Solutions 23 The lecture has been made following the reference books mentioned in Lecture-1 and internet. 24
