BUS 101 Ch2,3,5 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 Page |1 Fraction Learning unit objectives LU 2-1: Types of Fractions and Conversion Procedures 1. Recognize the three types of fractions. 2. Convert improper fractions to whole or mixed numbers and mixed numbers to improper fractions. 3. Convert fractions to lowest and highest terms. LU 2-2: Adding and Subtraction of Fractions 1. Add like and unlike fractions. 2. Find the least common denominator (LCD) by inspection and prime numbers. 3. Subtract like and unlike fractions. 4. Add and subtract mixed numbers with the same or different denominators. LU 2-3: Multiplying and Dividing Fractions 1. Multiply and divide proper fractions and mixed numbers. 2. Use the cancellation method in the multiplication and division of fractions. Types of Fractions Proper Fractions: The numerator is less than the denominator Examples: 1/3, 3/4, 2/7 Improper Fractions: The numerator is greater than (or equal to) the denominator Examples: 4/3, 11/4, 7/7 1 1 2 Mixed Fractions: A whole number and proper fraction together Examples: 1 3, 2 4, 16 5 Converting Improper Fractions to Whole or Mixed Numbers Ex. Write 18 5 as mixed number. 18 = 3.6 5 3 × 5 = 15 3 Or 18−15 3 5 18 15 3 5 =3 ) 18 5 ( يتم قسمة البسط على المقام-1 نأخذ العدد الصحيح فقط ( من دون اي, البد ان يطلع عدد عشري-2 )3.6 = ( ) تقريب ) 5 *3 ( يتم ضرب العدد الصحيح بالمــقام-3 3 5 18-15 )3( يتم طرح البسط من الناتج من عملية الضرب في الخطوة-4 والبسط يكون ناتج الطرح من الخطوة3 يكتب العدد الصحيح وهــو-5 اما المقام هو الوحيد الذي ال يتغير3 ) وهــو4( By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 Page |2 Converting Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions Ex. Convert 4 3 14 to Improper Fractions 4 × 14 + 3 59 = 14 14 Reducing Fractions (simplest) to Lowest Terms by Inspection Ex. Express 𝟏𝟒 𝟒𝟐 in its simplest form 14 14 ÷ 14 1 = = 42 42 ÷ 14 3 Or Finding the Greatest Common Divisor 1 Step 1. Divide the numerator into the denominator. 24 30 24 Step 2. Divide the remainder in Step 1 into the divisor of Step 1. 6 4 6 24 24 0 Step 3. Divide the remainder of Step 2 into the divisor of 24 / 6 Step 2. Continue until the remainder is 0. 30 / 6 Raising Fractions to Higher Terms When Denominator is Known 1. Divide the new denominator by the old denominator to get the common number that raises the fraction to higher terms. = =4 5 4 = ? 7 28 4 7 28 28 0 2. Multiply the common number from Step 1 by the old numerator and place it as the new numerator over the new denominator. 4 x 4 = 16 By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 4 16 = 7 28 BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 Page |3 Addition and Subtraction fraction راح نشرح جمع وطرح الكسور مع بعض ألن لهم نفس طريقة الحل ,وقبل ال نجمع او نطرح الزم المقامات يكونون متشابهين ( توحيد المقامات ) . Addition Fractions:𝒆𝒙𝒃 𝒇𝒙𝒂 𝒆 𝒂 𝐞 𝐚 𝒆𝒃 𝒇𝒂 = 𝒙 = + + = + 𝒇𝒙𝒃 𝒇𝒙𝒃 𝒇 𝒃 𝐟 𝐛 𝒇𝒃 𝒇𝒃 في حالة الجمع يتم توحيد المقامات ثم الجمع 𝟔𝒙𝟓 𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝟔 𝟑 𝟔 𝟑 لتوحيد المقامات او ضرب تصالبي مسميات كثيرة 𝟏𝟐 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟐 : = 𝒙 = + + = + = 𝟒𝒙𝟓 𝟒𝒙𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟎𝟐 𝟎𝟐 𝟎𝟐 -1يضرب المقام الثاني بالبسط والمقام االول -2نحط عملية الطرح او الجمع -3نضرب المقام االول بالبسط والمقام الثاني وبعدها نقدر نجمع بشكل عادي اونطرح . ان كان العدد سالب فيطبق عليه قوانين الضرب االعتيادية بخصوص االشارات Mixed number: 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟒 𝟕= 𝟓𝟐 𝟎𝟒 𝟒+ 𝟖 𝟎𝟒 𝟑= 𝟓×𝟓 𝟓×𝟖 𝟒+ 𝟖×𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟖×𝟓 𝟖 𝟓 𝟑= 𝟒3 + في حالة وجود عدد صحيح مع الكسر ( لحالة الجمع والطرح ) يتم توحيد المقامات بالطريقة المعروفة ( ضرب المقام الثاني بالكسر األول وتوضع العملية ويتم ضرب المقام االول بالكسر الثاني ). انتبيه :األعداد الصحيحة ال نتدخل وال نبسطها . بعد ما تم توحيد المقامات تتم العملية الجمع او الطرح مابين البسط للكسرين وايضا األعداد الصحيحة فقط والمقام يتم مثل ما تم توحيده Solve: 𝟐 𝟏 = − 𝟑 𝟓 𝟓𝟏 𝟕 = 𝟗− 𝟓 𝟐 𝟏 𝟓 = 𝟒𝟕 + 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏 = + 𝟒 𝟐 𝟔 Subtraction Fractions:في حالة الطرح :نفس عملية الجمع يتم توحيد المقامات من خالل ضرب المقام الثاني بالكسر االول(البسط والمقام ) والمقام االول بالكسر الثاني ( البسط والمقام) ,ثم تتم عملية الطرح بشك عادي مهم جدا ً " مالحظة :فقط البسط الذي يتم طرحه والمقام يتم ثابت نفس ما تم توحيده 𝒆𝒙𝒃 𝒇𝒙𝒂 𝒆 𝒂 𝐞 𝐚 𝒆𝒃 𝒇𝒂 = 𝒙 = − − = − 𝒇𝒙𝒃 𝒇𝒙𝒃 𝒇 𝒃 𝐟 𝐛 𝒇𝒃 𝒇𝒃 𝟔𝒙𝟓 𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝟔 𝟑 𝟔 𝟑 𝟎𝟑 𝟐𝟏 𝟖𝟏 = 𝒙 = − + = − =− 𝟒𝒙𝟓 𝟒𝒙𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟎𝟐 𝟎𝟐 𝟎𝟐 Subtracting Mixed Numbers: By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 Page |4 When Borrowing Is Not Necessary: 𝟑 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏 𝟔= =𝟔 − 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 − 𝟑 𝟏 𝟒𝒙𝟏 𝟔= 𝟔 − 𝟖 𝟐 𝟒𝒙𝟐 When Borrowing Is Necessary: First, make common Denominator 𝟏 𝟓 𝟐𝒙𝟏 𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 𝟕= 𝟒𝟕 − 𝟒−𝟒 =𝟕 − 𝟒 𝟖 𝟐𝒙𝟒 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 Second if the Numerator less than second fraction Regrouping 𝟓<𝟐 Third make 1 = same as denominator 𝟐 𝟖 𝟔+𝟏+ 𝟐 𝟖 𝟎𝟏 𝟔= + 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟔+ We subtract it 𝟎𝟏 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐= 𝟒− 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟔 Multiplying Fractions:- ضرب الكسور وهي العملية االسهل : There are 3 simple steps to multiply fractions -1ضرب البسطين ببعض. -2ضرب المقامين ببعض . 𝒆𝒙𝒂 𝒆 𝒂 = 𝒙 𝒇𝒙𝒃 𝒇 𝒃 -3اختصر او بسط ان كان هناك حاجة او طلب في السؤال مالحظة :العدد 6يعتبر كسر 𝟔 𝟏 عندما ترى كسر مضروب بعدد صحيح حول العدد الصحيح الى كسر بوضع المقام = 1 Mixed number 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝟐𝟏 = 𝒙 = 𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐𝒙𝟓 𝟎𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓𝒙𝟑 𝟓𝟏 = 𝒙 =𝟓𝒙 = = 𝟓 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏𝒙𝟓 𝟓 في حالة الضرب او القسمة يتم التخلص منه عن طريق ضربه بالمقام وجمعه بالبسط للعددين ومن ثم يتم تطبيق القانون ان كان ضرب فيتم ضربه تلقائي. وان كان قسمة يتم قلب العدد الثاني وبعدها تتم عملية الضرب By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝟏: 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝟐: BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 Page |5 Multiplying Mixed Numbers 𝟓 𝟐 𝟕 ×𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 = = 𝟓×𝟒+𝟐 𝟑×𝟐+𝟕 × 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟖𝟔 × = 𝟒 𝟐 𝟖 Dividing Fractions 𝒂 𝒆 𝒂 𝒇 𝑎 .𝑓 ÷ = × = 𝒃 𝒇 𝒃 𝒆 𝑏 .𝑒 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝟏: 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔 𝟏 𝟔 6 ÷ = × (it becomes a 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥) = × = = 𝟑 𝟐 𝟔 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 2 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝟐: 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 1 ÷ 𝟓 = × (it becomes a 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥) = × = = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 10 : في حالة قسمة الكسور ) يتم تحويل عملية القسمة الى ضرب عن طريق " قلب" العدد الكسري الثاني فقط ( البسط يصبح مقام والمقام يصبح بسط-1 . تتم عملية الضرب مثل ما عرفناها سابقا-2 Prime number = 2,3,5,7,9,11,13,17,19,23 … … . (𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑖𝑚𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓) Problem 2-38 Seventy-seven million people were born between 1946 and 1964. The U.S. Census classifies this group of individuals as baby boomers. It is said that today, and every day for the next 18 years, 10,000 baby boomers will reach 65. If 1/4 of the 65 and older age group uses e-mail, 1/5 obtains the news from the Internet, and 1/6 searches the Internet, find the LCD and determine total technology usage for this age group as a fraction. LU 22(1, 2) Solution: LCD 60 1 1 1 15 12 10 37 + + = + + = 4 5 6 60 60 60 60 Problem 2-46 A trip to the White Mountains of New Hampshire from Boston will take you 2 and ¾ hours. Assume you have traveled 1/11 of the way. How much longer will the trip take? LU 2-3(1, 2) 3 11 hours 4 1 hours 4 Time it takes to travel to Boston is 2 4 hours = 1 11 11 = = 4 44 2 1 2 4= 2 2 hours you have travelled 1/11 of the way = 11* Remaining hours to travel is 11 4 1 - 4= 10 = 4 By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 Page |6 Problem 2-56 Albertsons grocery planned a big sale on apples and received 750 crates from the wholesale market. Albertsons will bag these apples in plastic. Each plastic bag holds 1/9 of a crate. If Albertsons has no loss to perishables, how many bags of apples can be prepared? LU 2-3(1) 1 750 ÷ 9 = 750 x 9 = 6,750 bags Chapter 3 Decimals Decimal place-value chart Rounding Decimals Step 1. Identify the place value of the digit you want to round. .3272727 Step 2. Identify the digit to the right. If 5 or more, increase the identified digit by 1. If less than 5, do not change. .337272 Step 3. Drop all digits to the right of the identified digit. .33 Ex. Round to nearest dollar: $166.39 = $166 Round to nearest cent: $1,196.885 = $1,196.89 Round to nearest hundredth: $38.563= $38.56 Round to nearest thousandth: $1,432.9981 = $1,432.998 Converting Decimal Fractions to Decimals 1. Count the number of zeros in the denominator. 2. Place the numerator of the decimal fraction to the right of the decimal point the same number of places Fraction 3 10 3 100 By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 Decimal 0.3 0.03 # of places 1 2 BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 as you have zeros in the denominator. Do not go over the total number of denominator zeros. Page |7 3 1000 0.003 3 Converting Proper Fractions to Decimals Decimal .75 3 4 4 3. 0 0 2 8 20 20 0 Converting Mixed Numbers to Decimals Step 1 82 5 5 Step 2 .4 2 .0 2 0 0 8 + .4 = 8.4 Adding Decimals To add decimals, follow these steps: Write down the numbers, one under the other, with the decimal points lined up Put in zeros so the numbers have the same length By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 Page |8 Then add using column addition, remembering to put the decimal point in the answer Line the decimals up: "Pad" with zeros: 3.25 0.075 + 5. 3.250 0.075 + 5.000 8.325 Subtracting Decimals To subtract, follow the same method: line up the decimals, then subtract. Example: What is 7.368 − 1.15 ? Line the decimals up: 7.368 − 1.15 "Pad" with zeros: 7.368 − 1.150 6.218 Multiplying Decimals Just follow these steps: Multiply normally, ignoring the decimal points. Then put the decimal point in the answer - it will have as many decimal places as the two original numbers combined. start with: multiply without decimal points: 0.03 has 2 decimal places, and 1.1 has 1 decimal place, so the answer has 3 decimal places: 0.03 × 1.1 3 × 11 = 33 0.033 Dividing Decimals Example: 15 divided by 0.2 Let us multiply the 0.2 by 10, which shifts the decimal point out of the way: 0.2 × 10 = 2 By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 Page |9 But we must also do it to the 15: 15 × 10 = 150 So 15 ÷ 0.2 has become 150 ÷ 2 (they are both 10 times larger): 150 ÷ 2 = 75 And so the answer is: 15 ÷ 0.2 = 75 Example: Divide 0.539 by 0.11 Move the decimal point so the divisor (0.11) is a whole number: move 2 spaces 0.539 5.39 53.9 0.11 1.1 11 move 2 spaces But what about 53.9? It still has a decimal point. Well, we can ignore the decimal point in the dividend so long as we remember to put it back later. First we do the calculation without the decimal point: 049 11 539 0 53 44 99 99 0 Now put the decimal point in the answer directly above the decimal point in the dividend: 04.9 11 53.9 The answer is 4.9 Example 2.5 32.800 By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 25. 328.00 P a g e | 10 013.12 25. 328.00 25 78 75 30 25 50 50 Shortcuts for Multiples of 10 Multiplication Step 1. Count the zeros in the multiplier. Step 2. Move the decimal point in the multiplicand the same number of places to the right as you have zeros in the multiplier. Shortcuts for Multiples of 10 Division Step 1. Count the zeros in the divisor. Step 2. Move the decimal point the same number of spaces to the left. Problem 3-8 Round 75.9913 as indicated: LU 3-1(1) Tenth Hundredth Thousandth 76.0 75.99 75.991 Convert the following decimal fractions to a decimal (round to nearest hundredth as needed): LU 3-1(2) 979 1000 𝟗𝟕𝟗 1. count zeroes: 3 : 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 2. move 3 places to right : .979 3. round to nearest hundredth : .98 Problem 3-23 Convert the following decimal to a fraction. Do not reduce to lowest terms. LU 3-1(2) .825 Step 1. Place the digits to the right of the decimal point in the numerator of the fraction. Omit the decimal point. Step 2. Put a 1 in the denominator of the fraction: 825 1 By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 P a g e | 11 Step 3. Add the same number of zeros to the denominator of the fraction. For mixed decimals, add the fraction to the whole number. 825 1000 Problem 3-27 Convert the following to mixed numbers. Do not reduce to the lowest terms. LU 3-1(2) 28.48 Step 1. Place the digits to the right of the decimal point in the numerator of the fraction. Omit the decimal point. 48 Step 2. Put a 1 in the denominator of the fraction. 48 1 Places: The number of digits to the right of the decimal point. 2 Places 48 Step 3. Add the same number of zeros to the denominator of the fraction. . 100 48 For mixed decimals, add the fraction to the whole number. 28 100 Problem 3-62 A Chevy Volt costs $29,000 in the United States. What would it cost in Canada? Check your answer. LU 3-2(2) Solution: $29,000 X 1.1341 = $32,888.90 Check $32888.90 X .8817 = $28,998.14 The number is off due to rounding. Chapter 5 Solving for the Unknown: A How-To Approach for Solving Equations LU 5-1: Solving Equations for the Unknown 1. Explain the basic procedures used to solve equations for the unknown. By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 P a g e | 12 2. List the five rules and the mechanical steps used to solve for the unknown in seven situations; know how to check the answers. LU 5-2: Solving Word Problems for the Unknown 1. List the steps for solving word problems. 2. Complete blueprint aids to solve word problems; check the solutions. Terminology Expression – A meaningful combination of numbers and letters called terms. Equation – A mathematical statement with an equal sign showing that a mathematical expression on the left equals the mathematical expression on the right. Formula – An equation that expresses in symbols a general fact, rule, or principle. Variables and constants are terms of mathematical expressions. Variables and Constants Rules 1. If no number is in front of a letter, it is a 1: B = 1B; C = 1C 2. If no sign is in front of a letter or number, it is a +: C = +C; 4 = +4 Solving for the Unknown Rule Whatever you do to one side of an equation, you must do to the other side. If an equation indicates a process such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division, solve for the unknown or variable by using the opposite process. Ex1 : 𝑨 + 𝟖 = 𝟓𝟖 اذا لم يكن هناك رقم مقابل الحرف يعتبر هناك رقم واحد ال يكتب ولكن في-1 العمليات الجمع والطرح يتم التعامل معه كرقم اذا لم يكن هناك إشارة أمام العدد او أمام الحرف يعتبر موجب-2 𝑨 + 𝟖 − 𝟖 = 𝟓𝟖 − 𝟖 𝑨 = 𝟓𝟎 Ex2: 𝟕𝑮 = 𝟑𝟓 𝟕𝑮 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕𝑮 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟕 𝟕 By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 P a g e | 13 𝑮=𝟓 Ex.3 𝑯 𝟒 + 𝟐 =𝟓 H + 2−𝟐=5−𝟐 4 𝑯 =𝟑 𝟒 𝐻 𝟒×( ) =3×𝟒 4 𝑯 = 𝟏𝟐 Parentheses Rule 𝟓(𝑷 − 𝟒) = 𝟐𝟎 𝟓𝑷 − 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐𝟎 𝟓𝑷 = 𝟒𝟎 𝟓𝑷 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟓 𝟓 𝑷=𝟖 Drill Problem 5-2: Solve the unknown from the following equation: LU 5-1(2) 𝑨 + 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟗𝟖 𝐴 + 64 − 𝟔𝟒 = 98 − 𝟔𝟒 𝑨 = 𝟑𝟒 Drill Problem 5-5 Solve the unknown from the following equation: LU 5-1(2) 5𝑌 = 75 5𝑌 75 = 5 5 𝑌 = 15 Problem 5-11 Jessica and Josh are selling Entertainment Books to raise money for the art room at their school. One book sells for $15. Jessica received the prize for selling the most books in the school. Jessica sold 15 times the books sold by Josh. Together they sold 256 books. How many did each one of them sell? LU 5-2(2) Jessica 15 times than Josh if we Saied X book By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996 BUS 101 Mr. Ahmed Taqi 00965 98099996 P a g e | 14 X(Josh)+15x(Jessica) = 256 16𝑋 = 256 16𝑋 256 = 16 16 𝑋 = 16 𝐽𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑙 15(16) = 240𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑠 𝐽𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑙 a) A restaurant charges $100 for the first 50 sandwiches and $2.5 for each additional sandwich plus $5 delivery cost for each order. Calculate the total cost for an order that consists of 65 sandwiches. 65 Sandwich (65-50 = 15 additional sandwich) First 50 Sandwich = 100$ 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑐ℎ (15 × 2.5) Delivery Cost = 5$ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = $100 + (15 × $2.5 ) + $5 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = $100 + $37.5 + $5 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = $142.5 b) A printing press charges $400 for the first 100 books and $10 for each additional book plus $20 delivery cost for each order. Calculate the total cost for an order that consists of 120books. 120 books (120 – 100 = 20 additional book) First 100 books = 400$ 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘 (20 × 10) Delivery Cost = 20$ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = $400 + (20 × $10) + $20 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = $400 + $200 + $20 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = $620 By: Ahmed Taqei Twitter: @ahmedTaqi81 Email:a.taqi81@gmail.com Mob.98099996
