GLOBAL DIVIDES
LESSON OBJECTIVES: AFTER THIS
LESSON,YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
• 1. identify perspectives in global stratification
• 2. describe the concept of global divide
• 3. enumerate the advantages and disadvantages on
viewing the world as Global North and Global
South
GLOBAL DIVIDE
- global disparities, often due to stratification
due to differing economic affluence but can
also be in other aspects of globalization
INTRODUCTION
•Social stratification- is essentially the
phenomenon of segregating, grouping,
and ranking people based on differences
in class, race, economic status, and other
categories.
Perspectives in Global Stratification
One of the theories attempting to
explain pathways of development is
modernization theory.
MODERNIZATION
THEORY.
• In a nutshell, this theory suggests that all
societies undergo a similar process of
evolution-from agricultural, industrial, and
urbanized and modern—that is motivated and
catalyzed by internal factors.
Based primarily on the works of Raul
Prebisch and Hans Singer (thus, Prebish
Singer hypothesis), the dependency theories
suggest that countries are either "core" (i.e.,
developed) or "peripheral" (i.e.,
developing) such that resources tend to
flow from peripheries to the core.
FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD
WORLDS
• After World War II, the United States and
the Soviet Union, which were wartime allies,
entered a Cold War-a state of political
tension and rivalry, from the mid-1940s to
early 1990s.
The Cold War yielded two chief
political factions: the Western Bloc,
comprised by the industrial/capitalist
US and the North Atlantic Alliance
(NATO), which include United
Kingdom, Canada, France, Italy
among others
The Eastern Bloc (Albania, Poland,
Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, and Afghanistan), led by the
communist/socialist Russian Soviet
Federative Socialist Republic.The Western
Bloc has been referred to as First World
countries, while the Eastern Bloc has been
referred to as Second World countries.
1952
• Alfred Sauvy, in his article Trois Mondes, Une Planète
(Three Worlds One Planet) said "Car enfince Tiers
Monde ignoré, exploité, méprisé comme le Tiers Etat,
veut lui aussi, être quelque chose" (in the end,The
Third World, ignored, exploited, and
misunderstood just like the Third Estates desires
to be something).
CONTINUATION
• In this article, Sauvy (1952) likened the Third
World to the Third Estates-the French
commoners-whose suffering and upheaval led
to the French revolution
1974
•Teng Hsiao-Ping of China talked to
UN General Assemby.
•profoundly noted the distinction among
Three Worlds
1974
•
The United States and the Soviet Union make
up the First World. The developing countries in
Asia, Africa, Latin America and other regions
make up the Third World. The developed
countries between the two make up the Second
World."
THE BRANDT REPORT AND ITS
CRITICISM
• Willy Brandt-Briefly, this report categorized
countries in the northern hemisphere as comparatively
smaller in population and more economically affluent than
countries in the southern hemisphere-a categorization that
gave birth to the Brandt line- an imaginary line that divides
the world into the developed north and the developing
south.
•
Daniel Schneider (1980), in a special report in EIR
News Service Inc., summarized the contentions of the
Brandt Report:
1. One world economic system" that governs even
countries' taxation of certain items
2. Zero growth and Malthusianism", which suggests that
controlling overpopulation will cure underdevelopment
3. basic needs and appropriate technology, focusing on labor
than technology
4. Promotion of solar energy
5. Strengthen the IMF/World Bank system"
WILLIAM D. GRAF
• First, northern and southern countries, it is not represented
according to "classes" within these countries, because most of the
representatives are coming from political elites.
• Second, recommendations are not totally new.
• Third, which means that it did not put emphasis on the
antecedents on why in the first place the North and the South
arrived to have such kind of dynamics.
•
FOR GRAF, A PROPOSAL FOR A
GLOBAL ECONOMIC REFORM
• look at the historical SHOULD:
evolution of the world order
• examine "global relations" including "class relations"
• define goals and objectives
• specify strategy and tactic, things that are seemingly
absent or not so clearly defined in the Brandt Report
SUMMARY
While arguably, we can say that our world today has been
far better compared to what it has been before, as can be
seen primarily from longer life span, more access to
opportunities, more choices, and generally lesser poverty,
there remains to be disparity across nations and within
nations. Our discussion of global stratification and the
existence of the Global North-Global South only surfaces the
challenge to us all, humans, to persevere so we can include as
many people in enjoying these affordances and opportunities.
Global North
• refer to countries that are geographically in the northern
hemisphere to countries that are developed.
Global South
• refer to countries that are geographically in the southern
hemisphere or to countries that are developing
THANK YOUUU
MIDTERM REPORTER:
CUASITO,VANESSA
CONMIGO, MELODY ANN