MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, HERITAGE & ARTS FIJI YEAR 13 CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2020 ENGLISH Time Allowed: 3 hours (An extra 10 minutes is allowed for reading this paper) INSTRUCTIONS 1. Write your Index Number on the front page and inside the back flap of the Answer Booklet. 2. Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided. 3. If you use extra sheets of paper, be sure to show clearly the question number(s) being answered and to tie each sheet in your Answer Booklet at the appropriate places. Ensure that your Index Number is written on the extra sheets. 4. Answer all the questions with a blue or black ballpoint or ink pen. Do not use red ink pen. You may use a pencil only for drawing. 5. You may use a calculator, provided it is silent, battery-operated and non-programmable. 6. There are five sections in this paper. All the sections are compulsory. Note the options in Section D - Part II and Section E. SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS SECTION A Writing There are two questions. Both questions are compulsory. 25 SUGGESTED TIME 50 minutes B Comprehension Compulsory 15 25 minutes C Summary Writing Compulsory 8 15 minutes D Varieties of English Part I. Language Usage Compulsory 10 10 minutes Part II. Register Study Answer any two questions out of the four questions given. 12 25 minutes Literature There are three parts in this section. Each part has four questions. Answer any two questions, one each from two different parts. 30 55 minutes 100 180 minutes E GUIDELINES MARK TOTAL COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, HERITAGE & ARTS, FIJI, 2020. 2 SECTION A WRITING [25 marks] The two questions in this section are both compulsory. QUESTION 1 EXPOSITORY ESSAY (15 marks) Write an expository essay of 240 to 260 words on any one of the following topics. (13 marks) Write a plan. (2 marks) Either (a) Technology affects the human mind Or (b) Too much money can be disadvantageous Or (c) Animals in entertainment should be banned Or (d) The pandemic and its impact on the society Or (e) A tertiary degree is essential for getting a good job QUESTION 2 OTHER STYLES (10 marks) Write 180 to 200 words using an appropriate style on any one of the following choices. (9 marks) Write a plan. (1 mark) Either (a) Write a diary entry of your day at school when schools reopened in June this year. Or (b) Write a narrative essay about a time you engaged in barter during a crisis © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH. 3 Or (c) Write a letter to the editor about the experience you had during school closure earlier this year and how it has benefitted you. Use a fictitious name and address. Or (d) Write about the picture given below in any style (except expository). Source: https://fijisun.com.fj Turn Over © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH. 4 SECTION B COMPREHENSION [15 marks] QUESTION 3 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow in your Answer Booklet. Use your own words as far as possible and write in complete sentences. Global Air Pollution Has Fallen but It Isn't a Silver Lining 5 Around the world, an unexpected impact of the economic shuttering due to the coronavirus outbreak is striking blue skies and clear water in places, from Venice to Beijing, Los Angeles to Bangalore, where pollution dominated. COVID-19 has driven the global economy to a near-halt as the pandemic sweeps the globe. With factories shuttered and cars parked in garages, air pollution has dissipated in cities. The Chinese capital Beijing, known for the lung-choking levels of toxic pollution that shroud the city, has had the unusual sight of clear skies as factories in the region have shut down production. Given China’s huge problems with air pollution, which causes an estimated 1 million premature deaths a year, the reduction has offered unexpected relief. 10 15 However, environmental science and policy experts warn not to call this a silver lining; any sustainable reduction in emissions and pollution will need to happen in a way that does not totally splinter society. Moreover, they expect that pollution levels will return when the coronavirus ebbs and in some cases may come back with a vengeance. In the short term, the change is seemingly miraculous. Satellite images from the European Space Agency show reduced levels of nitrogen dioxide, a by-product of burning fossil fuels that causes respiratory problems, across major cities on the continent including Paris, Madrid and Rome as countries lock down and restrict travel. Cities across the U.S. have seen similar effects as Americans stay home in traffic-prone cities like Los Angeles and New York. 20 In China, the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide emissions declined by a quarter in mid-February from a few weeks earlier, according to an analysis published in Carbon Brief. Scientists recorded similar declines in other pollutants like nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter in the country, who have spent years trying to clean the air in smog-choked cities. 25 30 In theory, this sharp decline in pollution and carbon emissions is a positive development for the planet and the humans who live on it. For one, air pollution contributes to millions of deaths across the globe every year, aggravating cardiovascular disease and respiratory health. Clearer air may also deliver some brief relief to those suffering from COVID-19, making it easier to breathe for patients who are struggling, though health experts say that years of exposure to pollution has likely made many people more susceptible to the disease. 35 The decline in emissions may also seem like a win for the fight against climate change. Climate scientists have warned that global carbon emissions need to peak in the coming years for the world to have even a remote chance of keeping temperatures from rising more than 1.5°C by the end of the century, a level that would likely bring a range of dramatic consequences from mass climate migration to the loss of the world’s coral reefs. © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH. 5 40 45 As a coronavirus-related economic fallout, carbon emissions could decline in 2020 but without a concerted effort, they’re unlikely to stay down. The situation in China shows how quickly emissions and the related air pollution can bounce back. By the end of March, coal consumption and nitrogen dioxide pollution had returned to normal levels, according to Lauri Myllyvirta, the lead analyst at the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air. A bigger long-term question remains: will the country use this moment to fund green stimulus measures to foster economic growth? Such a program could rapidly expand clean energy infrastructure and energy efficiency improvements even though robust support for green infrastructure will not sustain the dramatic decline in air pollution and emissions in the short-term - at least not yet. Across the globe, policymakers will need to answer similar questions. If policymakers make a concentrated and sustained effort to decarbonise the economy, today’s clear skies will give a preview of what may come - even if it takes decades to get there. Adapted from: https://time.com Questions (a) Explain the title of the passage in your own words. (2 marks) (b) Identify what has replaced pollution in Paragraph 1. (1 mark) (c) According to Paragraph 3, explain what experts look forward to. (2 marks) (d) In your own words, explain: the change is seemingly miraculous (line 14). (2 marks) (e) Identify the two beneficiaries of declining carbon emissions in Paragraph 6. (2 marks) (f) Explain the function of the word may in line 31 as used in the passage. (2 marks) (g) Explain the conclusion of the passage. (2 marks) (h) From the list given on the right hand side below, write down the meaning closest to each given word on the left as used in the passage. (2 marks) (i) dissipated (line 5) - settled, taken over, dispelled, disbanded (ii) ebbs (line 13) - receives, disappears, loses, retreats (iii) susceptible (line 30) - unlikely, effect, prone, host (iv) robust - robot, strong, hard, lacking (line 43) Turn Over © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH. 6 SECTION C SUMMARY WRITING [8 marks] QUESTION 4 In the Answer Booklet, write a summary of the following passage using your own words. Your summary should be between 85 to 90 words. Education in Finland The fact that United Nation’s Human Development Index puts education in Finland in the list of the most successful educational systems in the whole world says a lot about the way Finnish people care about their future. Finnish education system touches every aspect of moving into adulthood, including effective learning, psychological aspects of studying and much care about a happy childhood. These admirable people respect learning and never get tired of it. The Constitution of Finland provides its people with the right to education and culture. Every resident of this country has an equal opportunity to obtain an education. It is also worth to mention that the right to equal opportunities in the field of education is controlled by the public authorities, which means that the government itself takes care of children, the future of their country. Furthermore, the equality in Finland has one more meaning: the development in this county has nothing in common with the financial status. Everyone who wants to obtain education in Finland has all chances to make this dream come true. Each permanent resident of a compulsory school age in the country has a right to receive the same education as the Finns do. The compulsory school age in Finland is from 6 to 17 years. The instructions are provided in the Finnish and Swedish Languages. Still, there is also an ability to study in English, but in this case, there is a chance that one will have to pay for these classes. When basic education is completed, Finland opens the ability to study a general upper secondary school or to obtain education in vocational institutions after which one will also be able to apply to a polytechnic or university. The last requirement is passing the matriculation examination. Perhaps, it is time to put on the thinking cap and get closer to one of the best educational systems in the world. Adapted from: https://in-finland.education © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH. 7 SECTION D VARIETIES OF ENGLISH [22 marks] PART I LANGUAGE USAGE (10 marks) QUESTION 5 (a) Tenses Write the missing tenses in the space provided in your Answer Booklet. Subject (b) Affirmative Negative (2 marks) Question (i)________ You know. You don’t know. Do you know? We We know. (ii) __________ Do we know? They (iii) _________ They don’t know. Do they know? He He knows. He doesn’t know. (iv) __________ Word Choice (2 marks) Choose the most appropriate word from the pair for each of the sentences given. (c) (i) I wear ____________ (big/large) size clothing. (ii) I _________ (resigned/re-signed) for another year as I love my job. (iii) The play’s ____________ (climatic/climactic) scene was liked by the audience. (iv) It’s time for us to work__________(all together/altogether) to secure a win. Parts of Speech Use the list given below to correctly fill the required parts of speech. List: its praise Adverb so without (2 marks) there flatter Conjunction (i)________ (ii)________ (d) Sentence Rewriting (i) I unlocked the door. You could come in. Preposition (iii)________ Pronoun (iv)________ (4 marks) (Join using: ….so that….) (ii) I really need to do more exercise. (Begin: What…) Turn Over © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH. 8 PART II REGISTER STUDY (12 marks) Answer any two questions from Questions 6, 7, 8 and 9 in the space provided in the Answer Booklet. All answers are to be in complete sentences. QUESTION 6 LANGUAGE OF LITERARY CRITICISM (6 marks) Study the sample given below and answer the questions that follow. Katty Murphy’s You’re Not Listening is a non-fiction /self-help book that was featured on BookishFirst (a platform for publishers and authors to reach avid readers directly). The introductory chapter is loaded with details on what this book will include, the subjects covered, the sources of research, and Murphy’s impassioned determination to unearth every possible pertinent topic related to listening and explore why we should (and how we can) listen more effectively. The writing style is consistently persuasive, informative, and fast-moving. Housed within the chapters are stories about professional listeners across a broad range of careers, quotes from authors, scientists, and educators of equal variance. There’s also a large amount of wellsourced data. Easily digestible yet full of clarified research, an attention to detail, and an enthusiastic approach by the author. KITTY MARIE Adapted from: https://kittymariebookreviews.home.blog Questions (a) Identify the critic from the critique by referring to the sample. (b) State what the following in the sample could refer to: (i) (ii) (c) we Easily digestible (2 marks) (1 mark) (1 mark) Explain the function of the sentence structure: There’s also a large amount of well-sourced data. © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH. (2 marks) 9 QUESTION 7 LANGUAGE OF PUBLIC SPEAKING (6 marks) Study the sample given below and answer the questions that follow. It’s good to be in the Naitasiri Province today to start off my week, as we gather to commission the new teachers’ quarters at Navuakece Primary School. This is only the latest in a recent streak of achievements –– just last week, amid the historic visit of my good friend Jacinda Ardern, you may have seen the many other reasons for excitement in communities across Fiji. We commissioned the impressive $1.73-million-dollar crossing in Emuri, celebrated the beautifully-rebuilt, $2.6-million-dollar Veisaru Sanatan Dharam School, and of course, officially opened the $4.8-million-dollar Namaka Market. I look forward to watching the young Fijians who come through Navuakece School to go on to do great things in the years ahead. Adapted from: https://www.fiji.gov.fj Questions (a) Explain the tone of the sample. (b) (i) Identify the feature –– that is used in Paragraph 2. (2marks) (1 mark) (ii) State its function in such a variety. (1 mark) (c) State what this (Paragraph 2) in the sample refers to. (1 mark) (d) Identify a line in the sample where a possible indirect appeal is being made to the audience in the sample. (1 mark) Turn Over © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH. 10 SECTION D QUESTION 8 (continued) LEGAL LANGUAGE (6 marks) Study the sample given below and answer the questions that follow. TENANCY AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT IS MADE THIS............... DAY OF ......................... 20…. BETWEEN (TENANT) …………………………………… AND …………………………………. (LANDLORD) WHEREBY THE LANDLORD HAS AGREED TO LET THE TENANT RENT THE PREMISES AT (LOCATION) ………………………………………………. GENERAL TERMS & CONDITIONS IT IS HEREBY AGREED AND DECLARED between the parties hereto as follows:1. THAT the foresaid tenancy shall commence on this ............day of................... 20……. 2. THAT the tenant shall pay to the landlord rent at a rate set as $.............. in cash per month to become due and payable before the ………day of every month. 3. THAT the rate of the house rent may change in future accordingly, depending on PIB’s regulation on at the time. The landlord will deliver this with ninety (90) days prior written notice. Source: http://www.consumersfiji.org Questions (a) Explain the purpose of the sample. (2 marks) (b) Explain the function of the italicised feature in the sample. (2 marks) (c) Identify a linguistic feature with an example that is used in the above sample. (2 marks) © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH. 11 QUESTION 9 LANGUAGE OF RELIGION (6 marks) Study the sample given below and answer the questions that follow. “He who would be the greatest among you must be the servant of all” (Mark 9:34). “Whoever exalts himself will be abased or humbled, but whoever abases or humbles himself will be exalted” (Luke 18:14). That is what Jesus said to the disciples who were already following Him. He went on to tell them, “If anyone would come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me. For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me will save it.” It does not take long to discover that achievement and advancement in the kingdom of God moves in a different direction from achievement and advancement in our world. While the world in which we live is always urging us to reach higher and attain greater and greater status for ourselves, the Lord seems to pushing us in a different direction. The Lord is challenging us to embrace the principles of humility over haughtiness, service to others over personal status, self-denial over self-gratification and personal sacrifice over personal security. This is what John the Baptist was saying in both word and deed in the two passages we read today. Source: http://www.preaching.com Questions (a) (i) State the reason for the use of quotations. (1 mark) (ii) Quote evidence from the sample to support your answer in a (i). (1 mark) (b) Explain the function of the feature in bold (Paragraph 1) in this sample. (2 marks) (c) Identify one typical feature (not already mentioned) found in this sample and state the reason for its use. (2 marks) Turn Over © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH. 12 SECTION E LITERATURE [30 marks] There are three Parts to this section. Answer any two questions from two different Parts. Each question is worth 15 marks. You are reminded that a good answer makes relevant close reference to the work(s) studied. Write the title and the author of the text you use in the space provided in the Answer Booklet. PART I GENRE – PROSE [15 MARKS] Write an essay of about 190 to 210 words. (13 marks) Write a plan. (2 marks) Either QUESTION 10 Conflict in literature generally arises from misunderstanding. With reference to the novel or two short stories on the same theme that you have studied this year: (i) describe two examples from the novel or one example each from the two short stories depicting the above situation, and (ii) discuss the relevance of the example(s) identified in (i) above for you. Or QUESTION 11 Of all the emotions that drive us, fear is the strongest. With reference to the novel or two short stories on the same theme that you have studied this year: (i) identify two incidents from the novel or one incident each from the two short stories that justify the statement above, and (ii) describe how the incidents in (i) have brought about a change for two characters in the novel or one change for each character in the short stories. Or QUESTION 12 Characters who display positive relationships with others in the story have a lot to teach the readers. With reference to the novel you have studied this year, justify the statement given above. Or QUESTION 13 Messages learnt from stories are important for young people. With reference to two short stories on the same theme you have done this year, discuss the extent to which you agree with this view. © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH. 13 PART II GENRE– DRAMA [15 MARKS] Either QUESTION 14 “Seems, Madam? I know not seems.....” (Hamlet) With reference to Hamlet: (i) identify the Act and Scene where the above remarks are uttered; (ii) explain what the scene is about; (iii) with two reasons, discuss the importance of this scene in the play. Or QUESTION 15 Hamlet's behaviour throughout the play has unplanned consequences. Discuss two such consequences and the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement given above. Or QUESTION 16 In comparing Hamlet to Claudius, analyse any two of the following features from: the actions, intelligence, behaviour and/or emotions of the characters and explain with two reasons which character you have liked better. Or QUESTION 17 Discuss two themes in Hamlet by referring very closely to how these can be universally important today. Turn Over © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH. 14 PART III GENRE–POETRY (15 marks) Either QUESTION 18 Women must empower themselves to overcome their struggles for expression and acceptance. With reference to two poems on the theme Gender, discuss the extent to which the above statement is applicable. Or QUESTION 19 Rapid changes make societies creative and prosperous but also more vulnerable. With reference to two poems on the theme Globalisation, explain the degree of vulnerability evident keeping in mind how one’s cultural lifestyle could be preserved even today. Or QUESTION 20 With reference to two poems on the same theme studied this year: (i) explain one idea from each poem and (ii) discuss with two reasons which one of the two poems would still be a favourite in future. Or QUESTION 21 For two poems on the same theme studied this year, compare one way in which each of the poets create pictures with words and explain two ways how these engage the heart and mind of the reader. THE END _____________________________________ COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, HERITAGE & ARTS, FIJI, 2020. © MEHA, FY13CE 2020: ENGLISH.
