DJJ 20063 Termodynamic
Chapter 1
Fundamental Concepts of Thermodynamics
1.1
Explain the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics
1.1.1
Define the principles of a system, boundary and
surrounding.
Heat
1.1.2
Define energy conversion.
1.1.3
Define process (reversible and irreversible) and cycle.
1.1.4
Describe the properties of systems (intensive and
form of energy that is
transferred between
systems or objects with
different temperatures
Dynamic
extensive), state and equilibrium.
1.1.5
Explain Zeroth’s law of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamics is the study of the relations between heat,
work,temperature, and energy
work
Law
High Temperature to Low
temperature
Types of heat trasfer
Thermodynamics is the study of the relations between heat,
work,temperature, and energy
Example & Application
of thermodynamic
Piston Engine Parts
car engine,
piston,
exhaust
system,
Radiator
System, Boundary & Surrounding
SYSTEM : A quantity of matter or a region in
space chosen for study. Types of system are open
system, close system and isolated system and
adiabatic system.
BOUNDARY : The surface that separates the
system from its surrounding. Boundary can be
eitheir fixed or movable and boundary can either
real or imaginary.
SURROUNDING : Is the mass or region outside
the system or everything outside the boundary.
System
Surrounding
OPEN SYSTEM AND CLOSED SYSTEM
Open System
Closed System
DEFINITON
Matter and energy
transfer through the
boundary between the
system and the
surrounding in an open
system.
If the matter does not
transfer through the
boundry. Then that kind
of system is a “closed
system”.
EXCHANGE OF
MATTER
Matter exchanges with
the surrounding.
Matter does not exchange
with the surrounding.
MASS INSIDE
THE SYSTEM
Mass is not necessarily
constant inside he
system.
Mass inside the system is
constant throughout a
process.
CONTROL OF
FACTORS
Difficult to control
energy flow and other
parameters.
Can control energy flow
and other parameters.
OPEN SYSTEM AND CLOSED SYSTEM
List 5 types
of energy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
State 2
examples
of energy
changes
Reversible
The process including system and surrounding can be
restored to the initial state from the final state without any
change in the thermodynamics properties.
Irreversible
The process is an irreversible when the process is reversed
and the process it cannot return the system and the
surroundings to their original conditions
 Can be restored to the initial state from the final state without
any change in the thermodynamic.
 This process the ideal process which never occurs.
 It is slowly process.
 At any stage the equilibrium is not disturbed.
 It takes infinite time for completion.
 Work obtained in this process is maximum,






Cannot return the system and the surrounding to their original
conditions.
That is commonly found in the nature.
It proceeds at measureable speed.
Equilibrium may exist only after the completion of the process.
It takes finite time for completion.
Work obtained in this process is not maximum.
PROPERTIES OF SYSTEM






Pressure (P),
Volume (V),
Temperature (T)
mass (m).
Viscosity (μ),
Electric Resistance
(R),
 Thermal Conductivity
*** specify units for system
properties
Describe the properties of systems
State,cycle and equilibrium about thermodynamic
Define State
Define Cycle
Define Equilibrum
https://forms.gle/oPtGzLRrmEnSTWgW6
zeroth law of thermodynamics
States that if two thermodynamic systems are each
in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in
thermal equilibrium with each other.