Done! Done! Done! Done! Done! Planets InnerInner and Outer Planets Watch It! Click to go Organize It! Put your sticker here! Read It! Illustrate It! Put your sticker here! Click to go Click to go Put your sticker here! Assess It! Explore It! Click to go Put your sticker here! Click to go Put your sticker here! Click to go Put your sticker here! Done! Your Answers: 1. The inner planets formed mostly out of rocky material The outer planets gravity captured the gas pushed 2. away from the sun and formed gas giants. The inner and outer 3. planets are separated by an asteroid belt that is located between Mars and Jupiter. 4. In 2006, Pluto got demoted to a dwarf planet. (It is no longer classified as a planet) Go Back to Lab Room Goto tothis BrainPop and watch Solar System video. Go link and watch thethe video: BrainPop Solar System “Learning Physics_Inner Planetsinofthe the“YOUR Solar System” Then answer the questions ANSWERS” space to the right. The URL is case-sensitive. Then answer these questions: 1. List 3 facts about the planet Mercury on your lab sheet. 2. List 3 facts about the planet Venus on your lab sheet. 3. List 3 facts about the planet Earth on your lab sheet. 4. List 3 facts about the planet Mars on your lab sheet. Read Part 1. Jot down notes and drawings that will help you remember the meanings of these words. You can use the sketch/scribble button on the toolbar. inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars terrestrial They are like the Earth in some ways. moon A celestial object that orbits a planet Continue to Part 2 Inner Planets – Part 1 There are 8 planets within our solar system. The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, with Mercury being closest to the sun and Mars being the farthest. These planets are known as terrestrial planets. That means that they are like the Earth in some ways. The term terrestrial can be misleading because each of the four planets has vastly different environments. The inner planets all have rocky outer cores, made up mostly of heavy metals such as iron and nickel. These planets have either no moons or few moons. A moon is a celestial object that orbits (moved repeatedly around) a planet. Mercury and Venus are so close to the sun that the sun's gravity is too strong for them to have their own moon. Earth has one moon, and Mars has two. The moons that orbit Mars are the smallest in the solar system. The atmosphere of the terrestrial planets ranges in thickness and in composition. The atmosphere of a planet is made up of gases that surround it. They have changed as a result of sunlight (which produces chemical reactions, such as those that break apart water molecules), escape of light gases, volcanic activity, and in the case of our planet, biological activity. Read Part 2. Jot down notes and drawings that will help you remember the meanings of these words. You can use the sketch/scribble button on the toolbar. orbits Move repeatedly around atmosphere The gases that surround a planet Continue to Questions Inner Planets – Part 2 Mercury has almost no atmosphere, while Venus is thick with carbon dioxide. The surface temperature of Venus is approximately 465 degrees Celsius! Compare that to Earth’s surface average of only 15 degrees Celsius! The atmosphere of Mars is thin compared to that of Earth, Mars’ atmosphere contains mostly carbon dioxide, while Earth is primarily Oxygen and Nitrogen. Scientists have found evidence that there may have been once water on the planet, and with water, could there have been life? Perhaps one day, we will explore Mars. Your Answers: 1. A 2. D Inner Planets – Questions 1. 3. D 2. Continue to next slide What four planets make up the inner planets? A. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars B. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune C. Mercury, Venus, Earth, the moon D. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Jupiter What does the term terrestrial mean? A. Made of water B. Mars-like C. Gas planet D. Earth-like 3. What characteristics of inner planets are correct? A. Terrestrial, larger, few or no moons B. Gas, smaller, few or no moons C. Gas, larger, many moons D. Terrestrial, smaller, few or no moons Read Part 1. Jot down notes and drawings that will help you remember the meanings of these words. You can use the sketch/scribble button on the toolbar. asteroid belt The inner and outer planets are separated by the asteroid belt. Jovian planets Gas giants rocky core The center (core) is composed of liquid heavy metals Continue to Part 2 Outer Planets – Part 1 In the outer Solar System are the four remaining planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The inner and outer planets are separated by the asteroid belt. The outer planets are made primarily of gasses. These planets are called Jovian planets or gas giants. They are massive and consist of a thick atmosphere and a dense molten core. Because the gas giants aren't made of rock and solid matter, they don't have solid surfaces like the terrestrial planets. Therefore, landing on one would be impossible. The outer planets have similar characteristics to one another. The outer planets are so much larger than the inner planets that they make up 99 percent of the mass of the celestial bodies that orbit the Sun. Although mainly composed of gas, the outer planets also have other ingredients. Somewhere at the center is what scientists refer to as a rocky core. This core is actually composed of liquid heavy metals. While the inner planets have few or no moons, the outer planets have dozens each. Read Part 2. Jot down notes and drawings that will help you remember the meanings of these words. You can use the sketch/scribble button on the toolbar. ammonia clouds Jupiter and Saturn have cloud layers that form at an atmospheric temperature of about 150 K or -124 degrees Celsius cloud layers The distinct cloud layers altitudes are dictated by the atmospheric levels at which various gases can condense into liquid droplets or solid flakes. Continue to Questions Outer Planets – Part 2 The atmospheric structures of the four Jovian planets are all quite similar. The primary difference is that the atmospheres get progressively cooler with increasing distance from the Sun. Clouds of a certain composition always occur at about the same temperature. For example, the ammonia clouds on both Jupiter and Saturn form at an atmospheric temperature of about 150 K (or -124 degrees Celsius.) This happens to be around 25 km below the cloud top on Jupiter and 100 km below the cloud top on Saturn. Each Jovian planet has distinct cloud layers, with altitudes dictated by the atmospheric levels at which various gases can condense into liquid droplets or solid flakes. Your Answers: 1. D 2. C Outer Planets – Questions 1. 3. A 2. Go Back to Lab Room What four planets make up the outer planets? A. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars B. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Venus C. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Saturn D. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune What does the term Jovian mean? A. Terrestrial B. Composed of water C. Gas giant D. Earth-like 3. What is one difference between each of the Jovian planets? A. They get cooler as they get farther from the Sun B. Some are made up of rocks, and others aren’t C. They get cooler as they get closer to the Sun D. Some are large compared to Earth, and some are small 3. 4. Read the cards and categorize each of the planets into 2 groups (inner and outer) by size. Part 5 INNER PLANETS Which planets would be easier for humans to explore? Why? Inner Planets They are closer to Earth and are more Earth-like 5. Which planets have shorter orbits around the Sun? Inner Planets Go to the next slide OUTER PLANETS Use the words on the ping pong balls to decide which group of planets each characteristic belongs to. Some examples have been done for you. Write how many ping pong balls you have in each cup. Your Answers: 1. Outer Planets 7 2. Inner Planets 6 3. Both 3 Go Back to Lab Room Outer Planets Inner Planets Both Match each characteristic with the correct planet. Go to next slide Use the following link to help you match the facts to the planets: Planet Facts Mercury Earth Has the shortest orbit around the Sun Atmosphere protects planet from radiation and keeps planet warm Very thin atmosphere (burning during the day, freezing at night) Contains water and oxygen needed for life Venus Mars Thick atmosphere traps greenhouse gases making it the hottest planet Has a volcano named Olympus Mons Earth’s sister planet Known as the Red planet Use theeach following link to help you match the Match characteristic with the correct planet. facts to the planets: Planet Facts Neptune Coldest and windiest planet Go Back to Lab Room Saturn Uranus The largest planet Known for its many rings made up of dust and rock particles 7th planet from the Sun Home to the “Great Red Spot” Has a famous moon named Titan which is the largest moon that orbits this planet Tilted on its axis Jupiter Made up of mostly methane gas Complete the Venn Diagram so that it categorizes inner and outer planets. Inner Planets ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Go Back to Lab Room Solid crust Denser Shorter orbits Inside the Asteroid Belt Terrestrial Close together Warmer Few or no moons ● ● ● ● ● Outer Planets Orbit the Sun Have gravity Sphere shape Rotate on axis Have an atmosphere ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Made up of gas Less dense Longer orbits Outside the Asteroid Belt Longer revolutions Colder Many moons Your Answers: Part 1 1. D 1. A. B. C. D. 2. B 3. D 2. A. B. C. D. 3. Go to Part 2 A. B. C. D. Which are the characteristics of inner planets? Close together, rocky terrain, long orbits Far apart, rocky terrain, shorter orbits Far apart, made up of gas, shorter orbits Close together, rocky terrain, shorter orbits Inner planets have ____ orbits and outer planets have ____ orbits. Longer, shorter Shorter, longer Square, circular Elliptical, oval _____ is the hottest planet in the solar system due to its thick atmosphere, which traps greenhouse gases. Saturn Mercury Jupiter Venus Your Answers: Part 2 4. atmosphere 5. moons 6. orbit 7. Inner planets 8. terrestrial WORD BANK: • atmosphere • Inner planets • moons • orbit • terrestrial Go to Assess It! Outer Planets Part 1 Use the vocabulary words from “Read It” to complete the following sentences. When we compare the planets in our solar system to each other, we see things that are similar and things that are different. One thing that varies among the planets is the thickness and composition of the gases that surround it, or its (4)_____. We also see a difference in the number of (5)_____ or celestial bodies that (6)_____ a planet. However, one of the main differences with our solar system planets is the two main groups they seem to split into. The first four are called the (7)_____, or the (8)_____ (meaning they are like earth in some ways). Your Answers: Part 2 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. WORD BANK: • atmosphere • Inner planets • moons • orbit • terrestrial Use the vocabulary words from “Read It” to complete the following sentences. When we compare the planets in our solar system to each other, we see things that are similar and things that are different. One thing that varies among the planets is the thickness and composition of the gases that surround it, or its (4)_____. We also see a difference in the number of (5)_____ or celestial bodies that (6)_____ a planet. However, one of the main differences with our solar system planets is the two main groups they seem to split into. The first four are called the (7)_____, or the (8)_____ (meaning they are like earth in some ways). Your Answers: Part 2 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. WORD BANK: • atmosphere • Inner planets • moons • orbit • terrestrial Use the vocabulary words from “Read It” to complete the following sentences. When we compare the planets in our solar system to each other, we see things that are similar and things that are different. One thing that varies among the planets is the thickness and composition of the gases that surround it, or its (4)_____. We also see a difference in the number of (5)_____ or celestial bodies that (6)_____ a planet. However, one of the main differences with our solar system planets is the two main groups they seem to split into. The first four are called the (7)_____, or the (8)_____ (meaning they are like earth in some ways). Your Answers: Part 2 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. WORD BANK: • atmosphere • Inner planets • moons • orbit • terrestrial Use the vocabulary words from “Read It” to complete the following sentences. When we compare the planets in our solar system to each other, we see things that are similar and things that are different. One thing that varies among the planets is the thickness and composition of the gases that surround it, or its (4)_____. We also see a difference in the number of (5)_____ or celestial bodies that (6)_____ a planet. However, one of the main differences with our solar system planets is the two main groups they seem to split into. The first four are called the (7)_____, or the (8)_____ (meaning they are like earth in some ways). Your Answers: Part 2 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. WORD BANK: • atmosphere • Inner planets • moons • orbit • terrestrial Use the vocabulary words from “Read It” to complete the following sentences. When we compare the planets in our solar system to each other, we see things that are similar and things that are different. One thing that varies among the planets is the thickness and composition of the gases that surround it, or its (4)_____. We also see a difference in the number of (5)_____ or celestial bodies that (6)_____ a planet. However, one of the main differences with our solar system planets is the two main groups they seem to split into. The first four are called the (7)_____, or the (8)_____ (meaning they are like earth in some ways). Done! Done! Done! Done! Done! Inner Planets Watch It! Click to go Organize It! Put your sticker here! Read It! Illustrate It! Put your sticker here! Click to go Click to go Put your sticker here! Assess It! Explore It! Click to go Put your sticker here! Click to go Put your sticker here! Click to go Put your sticker here! Done! Your Answers: Watch It! 1. Comets are mostly made of dust, rock, metals, and ice Go to this link and watch the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqOmAA0HlEM 2. Where are most asteroids located? between Mars and Jupiter in the 3. Asteroid Belt What is the difference between an asteroid and a meteoroid? 4. size What makes it change from a meteor to a meteorite? it hits the Earth’s surface Return to Lab Room “Learning Physics_Inner Planets of the Solar System” The URL is case-sensitive. Then answer these questions: 1. List 3 facts about the planet Mercury on your lab sheet. 2. List 3 facts about the planet Venus on your lab sheet. 3. List 3 facts about the planet Earth on your lab sheet. 4. List 3 facts about the planet Mars on your lab sheet. Read Part 1. Jot down notes and drawings that will help you remember the meanings of these words. You can use the sketch/scribble button on the toolbar. inner planets are small, irregularly shaped chunks of rock that orbit the Sun and are much too small to be considered planets. terrestrial An area between Mars and Jupiter where there are hundreds of thousands of asteroids in a disk-shaped region. moon Small objects made of ice and dust that orbit our Sun. Continue to Part 2 Inner Planets – Part 1 There are 8 planets within our solar system. The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, with Mercury being closest to the sun and Mars being the farthest. These planets are known as terrestrial planets. That means that they are like the Earth in some ways. The term terrestrial can be misleading because each of the four planets has vastly different environments. The inner planets all have rocky outer cores, made up mostly of heavy metals such as iron and nickel. These planets have either no moons or few moons. A moon is a celestial object that orbits (moved repeatedly around) a planet. Mercury and Venus are so close to the sun that the sun's gravity is too strong for them to have their own moon. Earth has one moon, and Mars has two. The moons that orbit Mars are the smallest in the solar system. The atmosphere of the terrestrial planets ranges in thickness and in composition. The atmosphere of a planet is made up of gases that surround it. They have changed as a result of sunlight (which produces chemical reactions, such as those that break apart water molecules), escape of light gases, volcanic activity, and in the case of our planet, biological activity. Read Part 2. Jot down notes and drawings that will help you remember the meanings of these words. You can use the sketch/scribble button on the toolbar. orbits A meteoroid that enters Earth’s atmosphere atmosphere A meteor that hits the Earth’s surface Continue to Questions Inner Planets – Part 2 Mercury has almost no atmosphere, while Venus is thick with carbon dioxide. The surface temperature of Venus is approximately 465 degrees Celsius! Compare that to Earth’s surface average of only 15 degrees Celsius! The atmosphere of Mars is thin compared to that of Earth, Mars’ atmosphere contains mostly carbon dioxide, while Earth is primarily Oxygen and Nitrogen. Scientists have found evidence that there may have been once water on the planet, and with water, could there have been life? Perhaps one day, we will explore Mars. Your Answers: 1. D 2. B Inner Planets – Questions 1. 3. C 2. Return to Lab Room What four planets make up the inner planets? A. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars B. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune C. Mercury, Venus, Earth, the moon D. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Jupiter What does the term terrestrial mean? A. Made of water B. Mars-like C. Gas planet D. Earth-like 3. What characteristics of inner planets are correct? A. Terrestrial, larger, few or no moons B. Gas, smaller, few or no moons C. Gas, larger, many moons D. Terrestrial, smaller, few or no moons Use the words on the ping pong balls to decide which group of planets each characteristic belongs to. Some examples have been done for you. Write how many ping pong balls you have in each cup. Your Answers: 1. Outer Planets 2. Inner Planets 3. Both Go to Part 2 Outer Planets Inner Planets Both 1. Describe the orbit of asteroids and the orbit of comets. Return to Lab Room Part 2 1. The orbit of the asteroids are more circular in shape The orbit of the comets are very long and elliptical Match each characteristic with the correct planet. Earth Mercury Large objects that orbit the Sun like a planet Generally found between Mars and Jupiter Venus Return to Lab Room Called meteorites when they land on Earth Have an elliptical orbit of the Sun Burn up as they enter the atmosphere Composed of a nucleus, coma & tail “Shooting Stars” Form in the Oort cloud or Kuiper belt Mars Complete the Venn Diagram so that it categorizes inner and outer planets. Inner Planets OR If you have problems using the draw feature, Google Search an image of each. Paste it in the open space. Comet 2. Label each space rock under your picture. Meteor Go to Image Help Outer Planets There are several ways to get images into these pages. 1. Draw on your own paper. Take a picture and upload that picture to this device, OR, 2. Draw with an app. Open Google Draw, Paint, or any other graphics app. Draw your image, then either take a screenshot or picture of your image. For either option, go to the “Insert” menu on the upper left corner and choose “Pictures.” Select “This Device” and browse to the folder where you saved the picture. Click on the file name and click “Insert.” Return to Lab Room Your Answers: Part 1 1. A 1. A. B. C. D. 2. C 3. D 2. A. B. C. D. 3. Go to Part 2 A. B. C. D. Which are the characteristics of inner planets? Close together, rocky terrain, long orbits Far apart, rocky terrain, shorter orbits Far apart, made up of gas, shorter orbits Close together, rocky terrain, shorter orbits Inner planets have ____ orbits and outer planets have ____ orbits. Longer, shorter Shorter, longer Square, circular Elliptical, oval _____ is the hottest planet in the solar system due to its thick atmosphere, which traps greenhouse gases. Saturn Mercury Jupiter Venus Your Answers: Part 2 4. meteor 5. meteorite 6. 7. comet 8. asteroid WORD BANK: asteroid belt • atmosphere • Inner planets • moons • orbit • terrestrial Return to Lab Room Use the vocabulary words from “Read It” to complete the following sentences. When we compare the planets in our solar system to each other, we see things that are similar and things that are different. One thing that varies among the planets is the thickness and composition of the gases that surround it, or its (4)_____. We also see a difference in the number of (5)_____ or celestial bodies that (6)_____ a planet. However, one of the main differences with our solar system planets is the two main groups they seem to split into. The first four are called the (7)_____, or the (8)_____ (meaning they are like earth in some ways). Your Answers: Part 2 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. WORD BANK: • atmosphere • Inner planets • moons • orbit • terrestrial Use the vocabulary words from “Read It” to complete the following sentences. When we compare the planets in our solar system to each other, we see things that are similar and things that are different. One thing that varies among the planets is the thickness and composition of the gases that surround it, or its (4)_____. We also see a difference in the number of (5)_____ or celestial bodies that (6)_____ a planet. However, one of the main differences with our solar system planets is the two main groups they seem to split into. The first four are called the (7)_____, or the (8)_____ (meaning they are like earth in some ways). Your Answers: Part 2 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. WORD BANK: • atmosphere • Inner planets • moons • orbit • terrestrial Use the vocabulary words from “Read It” to complete the following sentences. When we compare the planets in our solar system to each other, we see things that are similar and things that are different. One thing that varies among the planets is the thickness and composition of the gases that surround it, or its (4)_____. We also see a difference in the number of (5)_____ or celestial bodies that (6)_____ a planet. However, one of the main differences with our solar system planets is the two main groups they seem to split into. The first four are called the (7)_____, or the (8)_____ (meaning they are like earth in some ways). Shrinking our SOLAR SYSTEM Way Down to Size! Notes: Unit 3, Week 4 Warm Up Question: Unit 3, Week 4 What do you think is wrong with this picture? system? Imagine This… Imagine we could shrink the Sun until it was about the same height as a professional basketball player! If the Sun was a little over 7 feet tall, here’s what would happen to the rest of the solar system: Mercury Mercury= 1 pea Sun= 7 foot basketball player IMAGINE THIS: Mercury would be about the size of a pea and would be more than ½ mile from the sun. Venus & Earth Mercury= 1 pea Sun= 7 foot basketball player Venus= 1 penny IMAGINE THIS: Earth and Venus are about the same size. After we shrank the solar system, both planets would be a little larger than a real life penny! Venus would be more than 1 mile from the Sun, and Earth would be almost 1 ½ miles Earth= 1 penny from the sun! Mars Mercury= 1 pea Sun= 7 foot basketball player Venus= 1 penny IMAGINE THIS: Mars would be about as big across as an aspirin tablet and would be almost 2 ¼ miles Mars= 1 aspirin from the Sun . pill Earth= 1 penny JupiterIMAGINE THIS: Jupiter is the biggest planet, but in this example, it would shrink down to about the size of a soccer ball. Jupiter would be more than 7 ¼ miles from the Jupiter= 1 soccer ball Mercury= 1 pea Sun! Mars= 1 aspirin Sun= 7 foot basketball player Venus= 1 penny Earth= 1 penny Saturn IMAGINE THIS: Saturn would be about the size of a small cabbage and would be just about 14 miles from the Sun! Mercury= 1 pea Sun= 7 foot basketball player Venus= 1 penny Jupiter= 1 soccer ball Saturn= 1 Mars= 1 cabbage aspirin Earth= 1 penny Uranus & IMAGINE THIS: Neptune Uranus and Neptune are about the same size. In our shrunken solar system example, they would both be about the size of a soft ball. Talk about a long way off! Uranus would be more than 28 miles from the Sun Jupiter= 1 soccer ball Mercury= pea and1 Neptune would be about miles1from Saturn=44 1 Uranus= Mars= 1 the Suncabbage softball aspirin Sun= 7 foot basketball player Venus= 1 penny Earth= 1 penny Neptune= 1 softball How is distance measured? ● Because of the ENORMOUS distances between objects in space, we use the A.U. or ASTRONOMICAL UNIT as our measuring tool for space ● An Astronomical Unit (A.U.) = the average distance from Earth to the sun about 150 million km (93 million miles) Think you’re small in the universe? You have NO idea! Use the presentation pictures and video links on your document to answer the questions. A. Inner Planets 1 Earth= 151 Plutos B. All Planets 1 Jupiter = 1,300 Earths C. Solar System 1 Sun = 1.3 MILLION Earths The Sun! D and E. Stars 1 Arcturus= 17,500 Suns= 22,750,000,000 Earths The Sun! More Stars The Sun! Watch the video then answer the questions on your worksheet! Watch the next video then answer the questions on your worksheet! Exit Ticket Poll…. Place in order from smallest to biggest: Sun, Universe, Earth, Galaxy, Solar System. Breakdown of the Universe: