Drivers Training
Program
Administrative Notes
Safety Requirements: Adhere to unit
safety SOP
Risk Assessment Level: Low
Environmental Considerations: Minimal
Introduction
Course overview
Accident Avoidance
Accident Reporting
Army publications
Blank forms
Convoy Procedures
Environmental Considerations / Self
recovery
Vehicle driver performance evaluation
Written test
Intro to specific vehicles
PMCS
Road test
Accident Avoidance
The #1 Killer of Soldiers
Speed, Alcohol,Fatigue
Seatbelts not used
Victims=E2-E5 Age 19-24 Male
Time Frame:
2200 Friday through 0730 Monday
Key Factors:
Low ability to recognize hazards
Underestimate personal risk
Overestimate personal ability
STAYING ALERT AND FIT TO
DRIVE
BE READY TO DRIVE
Get enough Sleep
Schedule trips safely
Avoid medication
Keep cool
Take breaks
ALERTNESS
Do not “Push On”
Stop to Sleep
Take regular rest stops
Take a nap
Avoid drugs
ALCOHOL AND DRIVING
Drinking and driving-a serious problem
The truth about alcohol:
Alcohol is a drug that will make you less alert and reduces your ability
to drive safe.
Everyone who drinks is affected by alcohol.
Food will not keep you from getting drunk.
Only time will help a drinker sober up-other methods do not work.
STAYING ALERT AND FIT TO DRIVE
OTHER DRUGS
Legal and illegal drugs that are dangerous include:
AMPHETAMINE (BENNIES OR PEP PILLS)
NARCOTICS
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
STAYING ALERT AND FIT TO DRIVE
OTHER DRUGS
Heed warning labels and doctor’s orders
NO ILLEGAL DRUGS
NO DRUGS THAT HIDE FATIGUE
DO NOT MIX DRUGS WITH DRIVING
DO NOT MIX DRUGS WITH DRIVING
ILLNESS & EMOTIONS
ILLNESS
EMOTIONS
Angry or excited
Worried or down
Impatient
STAYING ALERT AND FIT TO DRIVE
VISION & HEARING
Seeing clearly
Good side vision
Judging distances
Good night vision
Hearing-horns, sirens, screeching tires
Turn down the radio
VISUAL SEARCH
Use center of path as main point of reference
Look far ahead to see things early
Take in the whole scene-including the side of the road
Scanning the roadside helps you see:
Vehicles and people in the highway
Signs warning of conditions ahead
VISUAL SEARCH
Places where others may cross-intersections, crosswalks,
roadside areas, & railroad crossings
Intersections- includes cross streets, side streets, freeway entrances,
driveways, alleys, & shopping entrances
Always look both ways: Look left, look right, look both directions,
even on a one way street
VISUAL SEARCH
Do not rely on traffic signals
Make sure you have a good view
Wait until other cars move
Crosswalks- be observant when turning
Yield to pedestrians (LAW)
VISUAL SEARCH
Roadside Areas-Watch for increased activity
Shopping centers and parking lots
Construction areas
PLAYGROUNDS AND SCHOOL ZONES
VISUAL SEARCH
Railroad Crossing-Look both ways
Crossing light may not be working
Look behind-whenever something ahead indicates need to
adjust speed or position
Changing lanes-first check behind
Entering a freeway/highway from an entrance lane
VISUAL SEARCH
Procedures for checking traffic behind
Glance in rearview & side mirrors
Glance over left/right shoulders
Check quickly-watch road ahead
Use left side mirror to check left while preparing to change
lanes or pull onto roadway
Check far lanes
VISUAL SEARCH
Slowing down suddenly-Quickly glance in mirrors some
situations are:
Something in road ahead
Turning into a side driveway/roadway
Turning into a side driveway/roadway
Stopping to pull into a parking space
VISUAL SEARCH
Backing up
Always use a ground guide
Turn head to the right
If turning, check opposite front fender
Back slowly
Avoid backing when possible
Practice with a trailer
COMMUNICATION
LET OTHERS KNOW WHERE YOU ARE
Use headlights, brake lights, and turn signals
Use horn
Position your vehicle so it can be seen
Avoid other drivers blind spots
Use emergency signals
COMMUNICATION
USING HEADLIGHTS
At all times
To get attention
To communicate a hazard
To give warning only
COMMUNICATION
USING EMERGENCY SIGNALS
Emergency stops
Off the road way, out of traffic
If in traffic, stop where you can be seen
Give warning (WARNING TRIANGLES)
Do not do maintenance in traffic
At accident scene
COMMUNICATION
SIGNAL WHEN CHANGING DIRECTION
Use turn signals before:
Changing lanes, passing, turning at an intersection, entering/
leaving a freeway, pulling over to the side of the road and
merging into traffic
COMMUNICATION
SIGNAL WHEN SLOWING OR STOPPING
Lightly tap brake pedal- to flash brake lights- to indicate:
Stopping at a place that is unexpected
Slowing because of no deceleration lane
Turning into a driveway
MANAGE SPEED
What is speeding?
Exceeding the legal or posted speed limit
Driving to fast for conditions
MANAGE SPEED
CONDITIONS AFFECTING SAFE SPEED
Traction
Visibility
Traffic Conditions
Road Characteristics
MANAGE SPEED
Your speed should match road conditions. During inclement
weather such as wet roads, ice, and snow, speed should be
reduced much lower than the posted limit.
MANAGE SPACE
At least two seconds should be maintained between vehicles.
Every situation will be different. Extra space is needed
following motorcycles, large vehicles or towing trailers.
Avoid driving along side other vehicles. Allow space for
vehicles entering freeways or vehicles changing lanes.
MANAGE SPACE
Remember, to yield right-of-way to avoid accidents even if it
may be your turn. Obey roadway markings at all times
especially when passing. No passing on double yellow lines.
Do not tailgate.
NIGHT DRIVING
Night Driving Procedures include:
Getting yourself ready
Planning your route
Getting your vehicle ready (PMCS)
While driving, avoid blinding others, avoid glare, maximize
visibility and adjust basic driving techniques.
ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS
Some adverse weather conditions in which have an effect on
driving conditions are;
Rain (Drizzle, Heavy and Freezing Rain)
Ice (Frost, Snow and Sleet)
Fog, Smog
Thunderstorms
ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS
Driving conditions will diminish during these type weather
conditions. You may encounter poor visibility, reduced
traction, loss of control, increased braking distances, high
winds and more.
HAZARDS
A hazard is any road condition or other road user (driver,
bicyclist, pedestrian) that is a possible danger
Hazards
Hazardous Roads include
Work Zones
Drop Off
Foreign Objects
Off/On Ramps
Animals
HAZARDS
… Drivers who are hazards
Confused/Slow Drivers
Shoppers
Talkers
Vendors
Drivers in a hurry
DRIVING EMERGENCIES
Some tips to driving emergencies;
Avoid quick changes in speed or direction
Decelerate gradually, do not lock up brakes
Counter steer
Use standard transmission to slow down
Do not panic
Accident Reporting
Actions taken at the scene of an
Accident
Secure Medical assistance for injured parties
Take measures to prevent future accidents
Attempt they leave to identify any witnesses before
Exchange information with other driver/s. Give them
one of the DD-518’s from the “Logbook”.
Complete the SF-91 as soon as possible. This should be
done at the accident site if possible. Include as much detail
as you can, including the drawing if applicable.
(REMEMBER, THIS IS YOUR CHANCE TO TELL
YOUR SIDE OF THE STORY.)
Contact your commander ASAP.
Accident Reporting
The following accident forms will be covered in
the block on blank forms:
* DD-518 (Accident-Identification Card)
* SF-91 (Motor Vehicle Accident Report)
Questions
What is the first thing done at the scene of an
accident?
What form is given to the other driver?
When should you notify the commander?
PUBLICATIONS
PUBLICATIONS
We will start with defining with
what each section of the number
TM 9-2320-280-10 represents. Each
section has a unique definition.
PUBLICATIONS
TM 9-2320-280-10
(Type of Publication)
TM = Technical Manual
FM = Field Manuals
TB = Technical Bulletin
SC = Supply Catalog
SB = Supply Bulletin
PUBLICATIONS
TM 9-2320-180-10
(Class of Material)
9 = Ordnance
5 = Engineer Equipment to include Generators
11 = Signal
3 = Chemical
PUBLICATIONS
TM 9-2320-280-10
(Federal Stock Class)
2320 = Wheel Vehicle
2330 = Trailers
6115 = Power Generation Equipment
2350 = Track Vehicles
1005 = Weapons
PUBLICATIONS
TM 9-2320-280-10
(Type of Equipment )
280 = HMMWV Series
361 = 2 1/2 ton Series
230 = MK 19 Machine Gun
313 = M240B Machine Gun
213 = AN/PVS 4 Night Sight
PUBLICATIONS
TM 9-2320-280-10
(Level of Maintenance)
10 = Operator level Manual
20 = Organizational Maintenance
30 = Direct Support Maintenance
40 = General Support Maintenance
50 = Depot Maintenance
PUBLICATIONS
TM 9-2320-280-20P
(Type of Manual)
P = Parts Manual
14 = Operator through General Support
20P = Parts Manual for Org Level only
12&P = Oper/Org repair manual w/parts list
PUBLICATIONS
Operator TM’s contain information on how to operate
the piece of equipment. They usually have chapters
covering; How to use the manual, Introduction,
Operating Inst., PMCS, Maintenance Inst.,
Troubleshooting, Components of End Item and Basic
Issue items list and much more.
PUBLICATIONS
Things we will cover
How to use the manual
Operating instructions
Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services
(CLASS LEAKAGE DEFINITIONS)
Basic Issue Items (BII)
QUESTIONS
What does TM stand for?
What TM and page does PMCS start on for a
M998 Truck?
What appendix and code would you use to
reference the BII list for the M998 Truck?
What is the TM number for operator level only?
BLANK FORMS
OPERATOR FORMS
The following forms will be covered;
DA FORM 5987-E: Motor Equipment Dispatch
DA FORM 5988-E: Equipment Maintenance and
Inspection Worksheet
DD 518 (Accident Identification Card)
SF-91 (Motor Vehicle Accident Report)
QUESTIONS
1. What form is given to the other driver at the scene
of an accident?
2. What form is used to record PMCS?
3. What forms should the operator check for in the log book
every time the equipment is dispatched?
CONVOY PROCEDURES
CONVOY PROCEDURES
Convoys are planned to organize and
control motor movements. They are
used for the tactical movement of
combat forces; the non tactical
movement of logistical units; and the
movement of personnel, supplies, and
equipment.
CONVOY PROCEDURES
PLANNING FACTORS
Mission, enemy, troops, terrain
The state of training of driver
Types of loads
Number involved of vehicles
Traffic conditions
Quality of road networks
Time
CONVOY PROCEDURES
Convoys include march unit commanders
Pacesetter
Main body
Trail officer
Maintenance (Trail)
CONVOY PROCEDURES
Maintenance en route
Driver pulls disabled vehicle to the right of the road and
signal the convoy to pass.
Driver tries to repair the vehicle (flats, etc)
Maintenance section will assist
Recover using towbar when repair is needed
Do not obstruct roads during recovery operations
DRIVERS RESPONSIBILITY
PMCS PMCS PMCS PMCS
Additional fuel, water, oil to meet your requirements.
Loads are inspected and secure
Tarpaulin, troop safety straps, and end curtains are secure
when required
CONVOY IDENTIFICATION
Blue Flag: Lead vehicle
Green Flag: Rear vehicle
Black and White Flag: Convoy
Commander
Convoy Clearance Number: On each
vehicle; the front, sides, and rear
ACTIONS AT HALTS
Keep off roadways
Inspect vehicle, trailers
Change drivers if necessary
Refuel
Check loads
ACTIONS DURING
MOVEMENT
Maintain proper vehicle speed and interval
Give civilian traffic the right-of-way
Assistant driver stays awake
during entire movement!!!
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERATIONS
and
SELF-RECOVERY
Dispose of trash properly
Clean up oil and fuel spills
Do not run over vegetation in the field just for
the fun of it
NOTE: You can be held responsible for your actions
against the environment
Self-Recovery
Use all available means to recovery yourself: i,e. Winch on
vehicle if equipped, pioneer tools ect.
In the event you become immobile and need assistance in
recovery, remember to accompany the recovery team and
retain as much information about the site as possible