Howard gardner Biography • • • • • Born in 11th July 1943 in Scranton, Pennysylvania during the World War 2. Howard Gardner is a well-known developmental psychologist at Harvard University Gardner worked at Boston Veterans Administration Hospital for his postdoctoral fellowship and continued his work there for another 20 Howard Gardner has written many books on developmental psychology highlighting her work in the field of creative development among children and adults. Gardner is best known for his contributions to the field of intellectual development with his theory called Multiple Intelligence. The Multiple Intelligence. The Multiple Intelligence Theory is based on the assumption that intellectual ability measured by IQ test size is very limited. This is because the size of the IQ test emphasizes only the mathematical and mathematical ability. In fact, each person has his or her own unique way of solving the problem or problem they are facing. In addition, intelligence is not just a reflection of one's worth. This is because intelligence is the ability that someone has to see a problem and then be able to solve it or make something useful to others. There 9 Theory Multiple Intelligence : Logical Mathematics Spatial / Visual Space Linguistics Kinesthetic Musical Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic Spiritual / Existentialism Logical Mathematics • This intelligence has to do with logic, abstract, reasoning, and numbers. • The dominant ability on the left side of the brain enables individuals to deduce and deduce their conceptual and conceptual thinking. • Complex logic is closely linked to fluid intelligence and general ability. • Individuals with high mathematical logical intelligence show a great interest in exploratory activities. • In addition, this individual likes to classify objects for easy guessing. • For example, scientists, engineers, architects and doctors usually have this intelligence. Spatial / Visual Space • This intelligence speaks of the judgment of space and the ability to visualize it. • Spatial capabilities are one of the three factors below in the intelligence ‘ Hierarki ’ model. • This intelligence also enables the individual to always be aware of his or her relative position in the coordinates of space and time. • Individuals who have low level of visual space intelligence will always feel confused to remember the path and place where they live even though they have lived in the place for a rather long period of time. Linguistics • This intelligence has to do with word, verbal or written. • Verbal is one of the highest abilities in most individuals. • These individuals are usually good at reading, writing, telling and memorizing words along with dates. • These individuals are sensitive to the meaning of words and are skilled in manipulating them. • Individuals with verbal-linguistic intelligence easily learn a foreign language because they have high verbal and memory skills, and the ability to understand and manipulate syntax and structural ability. Kinesthetic • The main elements of the body-kinesthetic control of one's body movement and its capacity for mastery of objects. • This intelligence also includes a sense of time, a clear sense of the purpose of physical action, along with the ability to practice answers so that they become reflexes. • People with kinesthetic-body intelligence need to learn better by engaging in muscle movement (e.g. getting up and moving into a learning experience). • Careers suited to those with this intelligence include athletes, pilots, dancers, musicians, actors, surgeons, doctors, builders, police officers and soldiers. Musical • This intelligence relates to the ability to perceive, discriminate and express feelings through music. • The musical intelligence that exists within an individual enables him to detect the sounds, sounds and rhythms of his surroundings. • These individuals are able to use basic sets or elements of music and can play musical instruments and memorize music lyrics well. • Individuals who are inclined to this intelligence can compose the rhythm and tempo of the music and easily recognize and remember the sounds or music. • These individuals are also able to compose words into songs and can create a variety of musical instruments and play. Interpersonal • This intelligence is an individual's ability to discriminate between various interpersonal indicators and the ability to effectively communicate pragmatically with those signs. • Interpersonal intelligence enables one to understand the feelings, motivations, habits and desires of others • Next, they can interact easily and can work with others practically to produce something useful. • They can also be sensitive and understand the emotions, feelings, thoughts, behaviors and expectations of others. Intrapersonal • Intrapersonal intelligence is self-awareness, metacognitive thinking and the ability to evaluate oneself. • People who have high intrapersonal intelligence can always recognize themselves. • People with high intrapersonal intelligence are often able to identify themselves deeply and have a sense of their own strengths and weaknesses. • They are good at determining the direction of life and have strong, independent principles and resolutions. • People with high intrapersonal intelligence usually look depressed and lazy, but at the same time they are always alert and cautious about doing something. Naturalistic • • • • • • This intelligence has to do with nurturing information related to the natural environment Individuals with a high degree of naturalistic intelligence are usually natural lovers who can easily identify and classify flora, fauna, and minerals. Spend more time outside and enjoy the sounds of the environment. Has great attraction to the environment including animals. They are environmentally sensitive individuals and can link the life of flora and fauna. It includes classifying natural forms such as animals and plant species and rocks and mountain types and knowledge that is used naturally in plantations, mining, etc. Spiritual / Existentialism • This intelligence was introduced and developed by Gardner in 1999. • Individuals with this intelligence have a tendency to ask about all the events of human existence, the meaning of life, why humans experience death and also the realities that humans face in life. • These individuals are able to examine the values that develop in the midst of community life, as there are traditional values or new values that are developing. • To enhance this intelligence one can read many books of philosophy and ask themselves questions that enable them to delve deeper into answers.
