GEAS 01 09
CHEMISTRY – STATES OF MATTER
MATTER
• Anything that has MASS and TAKES UP SPACE.
• STATES OF MATTER
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
• All kinds of matter are composed of PARTICLES.
• The type of matter can be distinguished by its behavior.
• To see how matters differ, consider the following:
1. Distance between particles
2. Force of attraction
3. Kinetic energy each particle possesses.
DISTANCE
SOLID
• Particles are tightly packed and intact.
• DISTANCE IS VERY SMOL.
LIQUID
•
•
GAS
•
•
Particles are closely packed and can move
around each other.
DISTANCE IS MEDIUM.
Particles are well-separated and there are
large spaces in between.
DISTANCE IS LORGE.
FORCE OF ATTRACTION
1
F∝ 2
d
SOLID
STRONG force of attraction
LIQUID
WEAK force of attraction
GAS
VERY WEAK force of attraction
KINETIC ENERGY
SOLID
•
•
LIQUID
•
•
Solid particles have movement but due to
the tightly-packed space, they can only
move so slightly.
KINETIC ENERGY IS LOW
Since there is slightly greater space than
solids, liquid particles can move past each
other.
KINETIC ENERGY IS MEDIUM.
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GEAS 01 09
CHEMISTRY – STATES OF MATTER
GAS
•
•
Has too large of a distance b/w particles.
Particles therefore can move freely.
KINETIC ENERGY IS HIGH.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
“Can matter change identity WITHOUT changing property of the substance?”
NO: CHEMICAL PROPERTY
YES: PHYSICAL PROPERTY
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
• Characteristic of a substance that can be observed when it participates in a CHEMICAL
REACTION such as:
1. Reactivity
2. Flammability
3. Toxicity
4. Ability to oxidize
5. Heat Combustion
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
• Observed or measured without changing the composition of the matter. It is used to observe/
describe matter.
• “Does it consider the AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE?”
◦ NO: INTENSIVE PROPERTY
◦ YES: EXTENSIVE PROPERTY
INTENSIVE PROPERTY
• Does not change even if amount of substance change.
1. Color
2. Hardness
3. Luster
4. Temperature
5. Boiling point
EXTENSIVE PROPERTY
• Changes when amount of substance changes.
1. Volume
2. Mass
3. Weight
4. Size
5. Length
Additional properties to consider for PHYSICAL PROPERTY
1. Shape
3. Compressibility
2. Volume
4. Rigidity
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GEAS 01 09
CHEMISTRY – STATES OF MATTER
SHAPE
SOLID
•
•
Has its own shape. In and/or out of the
container
FIXED SHAPE
LIQUID
•
•
It adapts to the form of its container
HAS NO FIXED SHAPE
GAS
•
•
Same as liquid
NO FIXED SHAPE
•
Volume of a solid can be easily
determined.
HAS FIXED VOLUME
Regular-shaped solids: Math formulas
Irregular-shaped solids: Archimedes
Principle
VOLUME
SOLID
•
•
•
LIQUID
•
HAS FIXED VOLUME
GAS
•
•
Its volume is the volume of its container.
NO FIXED VOLUME
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
• The volume of the object is calculated by the displaced volume of the liquid where the object is
submerged.
COMPRESSIBILITY
• Property of a substance capable of being reduced in volume by applying pressure which is
quantitatively the reciprocal of the bulk modulus.
SOLID
• CANNOT BE COMPRESSED
LIQUID
•
CAN BE COMPRESSED (SLIGHT
LANGZ)
GAS
•
CAN BE COMPRESSED
RIGIDITY
SOLID
•
•
Particles are arranged with a regular
pattern.
RIGID
LIQUID
•
•
No regular pattern.
FLUID
GAS
•
FLUID
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GEAS 01 09
CHEMISTRY – STATES OF MATTER
PLASMA
• 4th state of matter
• an ionized gas
• gas into which sufficient energy is provided free electrons from atoms or molecules and to
allow both ions and electrons to co-exist.
• It is the 1st state of matter in the universe. 99.99% of all visible matter exists in this state of
matter. Example:
1. Sunday
2. Lightning
3. Aurora Borealis
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