Name: ___________________________________
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
chart
In the chart below, write what you know and wonder about cells.
At the end of this workbook, write what you have learned about cells.
What I know about cells is...
What I wonder about cells is...
What I have learned about cells is...
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
what is a
cell
Early scientists were able to determine the basic requirements that
plants and animals needed to survive. Animals need food, water, and
oxygen and plants need water and sunlight. However, for a long time,
it was unclear how living things were able to get energy from these
sources.
It was not until the invention of the microscope when scientists were
first able to see cells. In 1665, Robert Hooke discovered the first cell
using a microscope. Cells are a microscopic structural unit of an
organism. Scientists learned that cells have different parts that must
work together in order to carry out various cellular activities.
Analyzing cells under a microscope has led to
many scientific discoveries and there has been
significant scientific advancement since the
first microscope was invented in 1609. Scientists
have summarized their cell discoveries using a
theory called cell theory.
Biology is the field of science that studies life
and living organisms.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cells, tissues, organs,
and systems
The human body is made up of 11 organ systems including the
circulatory system, digestive system, muscular system, and the
nervous system. Each system is composed of a variety of organs,
tissues, and cells. Scientists estimate that there are around 30 trillion
cells in our body. Millions of these cells are created and destroyed
every day.
Organisms like humans can be organized into four components. The
smallest component is individual cells and the largest component is
organ systems.
Cells are the smallest functional and structural unit of all living
organisms. A group of cells that join together to serve a similar
function are called tissues. An organ is a group of tissues that perform
a function. Lastly, a collection of organs is called an organ system.
In the boxes below, write the words systems, tissues, cells, and organs
in order from the smallest unit to the largest.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
types of
respiratory
circulatory
musculoskeletal
digestive
nervous
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Date: _______________________________
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
Cell theory
By using microscopes, many scientist collaborated on the three
key ideas of cell theory. These ideas are:
1.
All living things are made up of one cell (unicellular) or more
cells (multicellular).
2.
The cell is the basic unit of life. It is the smallest living thing
that has characteristics of a living thing.
3.
All cells are created from existing cells through cell division.
In the boxes below, draw a picture that will help you remember
each of the key ideas of cell theory.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
of
Salvino D’Armate invents
the first pair of wearable
eyeglasses.
After making a telescope
to look at the stars,
Galileo Galilei makes a
compound microscope.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
uses a simple microscope
to look at the first living
cells of blood, yeast, and
insects.
Ernst Ruska builds a
scanning electron
microscope that uses
electrons instead of light
to view an object.
Stefan Hell creates a
super-resolution
microscope that allows
scientists to see objects
closer than possible with
a light.
1284
1590
Zacharias and Hans
Janssen, a father-son team,
make an early microscope
by putting multiple lenses in
a tube to look at small
objects closer.
1609
1665
English scientist Robert
Hooke first uses the word
“cells” to describe tissue.
1676
1830
Joseph Jackson Lister
improves the microscope
by adjusting the distance
of the lenses to make the
image less blurry.
1942
1972
1993
2010
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Hounsfield and Cormack
develop a computerised
axial tomography (CAT)
scanner. CAT scans are
used to see internal
organs and structures.
Researchers at UCLA use a
cryoelectron microscope to
see atoms of a virus.
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
of
questions
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
Microscopes
The compound light microscope is commonly used in science. It is a
microscope that uses more than one lens and has a light source. The
compound light microscope relies on many different components to
provide a detailed view of a specimen.
1.
Stage: The stage is the location where the slide is placed for observing.
2.
Stage clips: The clips are used to attach the slide to the stage.
3.
Ocular Lens: The ocular lens (eyepiece) is a lens that magnifies the
specimen. It typically magnifies by 10 times.
4.
Coarse adjustment knob: This is an adjustment knob that moves the stage
up and down. This knob is used before the fine adjustment knob.
5.
Fine adjustment Knob: The fine adjustment knob sharpens the view of the
specimen. This is the only adjustment knob needed while using the high
power lenses.
6.
Revolving Nosepiece: The revolving nosepiece is where the objective lenses
connect to the microscope. It allows the viewer to rotate between the
different lenses.
7.
Objective Lens: These are used to magnify the specimen in low power (4x),
medium power (10x) and high power (40x).
8.
Base: The base provides the platform for the microscope to lay on.
9.
Arm: The arm connects the tube to the base of the microscope.
10.
Lamp: The lamp is the light source that passes through the specimen.
11.
Diaphragm: The diaphragm allows light to pass through the specimen on
the stage. It has a rotating disk to adjust the light.
12.
Tube: The tube separates the eyepiece from the objective lense.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
labelling
Use the explanations of the different parts of a microscope from the
previous page to label the microscope below. Some numbers are provided
as hints.
4.
1.
11.
10.
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Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
handling
with care
Microscopes are expensive pieces of scientific equipment. It is important
that they are handled with care to ensure that they are not broken.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Carry the microscope by putting one hand under its base and one hand on
the metal support arm.
Use the microscope on a flat surface.
Always begin focusing with the 4X objective and coarse adjustment knob.
Do not allow the lens to touch the slide you are looking at. Dirty lenses are
hard to clean.
Only use special paper wipes for cleaning the lenses.
Cover or store the microscope when not in use.
Turn off the bulb when not in use and let it cool down before storing the
microscope.
Store in a clean, dry place.
Perform a yearly maintenance check to make sure the microscope is in
proper working condition.
Have your microscope serviced by professionals.
Read the care instructions above. Use the chart below to sort the care
instructions by who is responsible for each job.
Student’s Responsibility
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Teacher’s Responsibility
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
Microscopes allow us to see very small things as if they were much
bigger. The size of a red blood cell is 0.007 mm. A dust particle is
0.01 mm, an amoeba (a unicellular organism) is 0.5 mm, the tip of a
pin is 1.0 mm, and the average flea is 1.5 mm.
Which of the things listed above do you think you could see with
your unaided eye (i.e. without a microscope)?
Magnification
Consider the real size of an amoeba (0.5 mm) and the
amoeba shown on the right. How many times do you
think it has been magnified? How can you tell?
When looking at a picture, is it important to know if it has been
magnified? Why?
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
A compound microscope has two sets of lenses: the ocular and
objective lenses. Each type of lens will have its magnifying power
written on it. When an object is viewed under a microscope, it is
magnified by both the ocular lens and the objective lens. To
determine the total magnification, multiply the objective lens by the
ocular lens.
Objective Magnification x Ocular Lens = Total Magnification
Calculate the total magnification using the chart below.
Magnification
Ocular Lens
Low Power
4X
10X
Medium Power
10X
10X
High Power
40X
10X
Try this!
Total Magnification
Make a Magnifier
Materials:
● Water
● Plastic sheet
● Newspaper or other small text
Procedure:
1. Put a flat plastic sheet (plastic overhead sheets or plastic
off packaging work well) over your page of small text.
2.
Put a small drop of water on the plastic sheet
3.
Move the plastic sheet around on your page of text.
Observe what happens to the writing.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
plant vs. animal cells
Cells are the tiniest living thing. They are everywhere, but do you
think you know what a cell looks like? Recall the differences between
organisms that are part of the plant kingdom and the animal
kingdom.
In the boxes below, draw a diagram of what you think a plant cell
and an animal cell look like.
Plant Cell
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Animal Cell
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
plant vs. animal cells
Plant and animal cells have many similar components. However,
there are some differences.
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Plant cells tend to be larger than animal cells.
Plant cells have additional structures that are not found in
animal cells.
Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall which are not
found in animal cells.
The cell wall and cell membrane found in plant cells gives the
cell a more rectangular shape.
Plants do not eat food like animals do. Plants need a
chloroplast to photosynthesize their own food using the energy
from the sun.
Animal cells cannot synthesize their own nutrients.
Unlike plant cells which have a single large vacuole, animal
cells have several smaller vacuoles.
Animal cells contain lysosomes and most plant cells do not.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and they help break
down excess or worn out cell components.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cell anatomy
The components in a cell are referred to as organelles.
1.
Nucleus: The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. The nucleus also
stores DNA and genetic information required for cell division and
growth.
2.
Nucleolus: The nucleolus is contained within the nucleus and is
responsible for making ribosomes.
3.
Ribosomes: Ribosomes are the smallest membrane in the cell and
create protein. They are often referred to as protein factories.
4.
Golgi Apparatus: The golgi apparatus sorts important proteins and
fats in the cell before they are delivered to their next destination.
5.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of
bubbles and tubes that are either rough or smooth. It helps to modify
and transport proteins.
6.
Cell Membrane: The cell membrane is a barrier around the cell. It is
semi-permeable, meaning that it allows some things to enter the cell
while other things are excluded. The role of the cell membrane is to
control the entry and exit of various substances in the cell.
7.
Cell Wall: The cell wall is a rigid layer with the primary purpose of
protecting and providing support for the cell.
8.
Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which is required for
photosynthesis.
9.
Vacuole: A vacuole is a large membrane in the cell that is filled with
fluid. It helps maintain the shape of the cell.
10.
Mitochondria: The mitochondria produce energy necessary for the
cell’s survival and functioning. The energy is converted from glucose
into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is usable energy.
11.
Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm provides support for the internal structures of
the cell. It contains the cells organelles.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cell labelling
Use the explanations of the organelles of a plant cell from the previous
page to label the plant cell below. Some numbers are provided as hints.
When you are done labelling, colour the cell to distinguish between the
organelles in the plant cell.
4.
1.
8.
10.
11.
6.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cell anatomy
The components in a cell are referred to as organelles.
1.
Nucleus: The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. The nucleus
also stores DNA and genetic information required for cell division
and growth.
2.
Nucleolus: The nucleolus is contained within the nucleus and is
responsible for making ribosomes.
3.
Ribosomes: Ribosomes are the smallest membrane in the cell and
create protein. They are often referred to as protein factories.
4.
Golgi Apparatus: The golgi apparatus sorts important proteins and
fats in the cell before they are delivered to their next destination.
5.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of
bubbles and tubes that are either rough or smooth. It helps to
modify and transport proteins.
6.
Cell Membrane: The cell membrane is a barrier around the cell. It is
semi-permeable, meaning that it allows some things to enter the
cell while other things are excluded. The role of the cell membrane
is to control the entry and exit of various substances in the cell.
7.
Lysosomes: Lysosomes contain the digestive enzymes for the cell.
8.
Vacuole: Vacuoles are found in many small storage bubbles in an
animal cell. They store food and nutrients in a cell.
9.
Mitochondria: The mitochondria produces energy necessary for
the cell’s survival and functioning. The energy is converted from
glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is usable energy.
10.
Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm provides support for the internal structures
of the cell. It contains the cells organelles.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
organelle matching
Match each organelle to its description.
A.
contain the digestive enzymes for the cell.
B.
is the control centre of the cell and stores
DNA and genetic information required for
cell division and growth.
C.
provides support for the internal
structures of the cell. It contains the cells
organelles.
D.
produces energy necessary for the cell’s
survival and functioning. The energy is
converted from glucose into ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) which is usable
energy.
E.
is contained within the nucleus and is
responsible for making ribosomes.
F.
is a barrier around the cell it controls the
entry and exit of various substances in the
cell.
G.
sorts important proteins and fats in the
cell before they are delivered to their next
destination.
H.
are the smallest membrane in the cell and
create protein. They are often referred to
as protein factories.
I.
are found in many small storage bubbles
in an animal cell. They store food and
nutrients in a cell.
J.
is a network of bubbles and tubes that are
either rough or smooth. It helps to modify
and transport proteins.
______ Nucleus
______ Nucleolus
______ Ribosomes
______ Golgi Apparatus
______ Endoplasmic Reticulum
______ Cell Membrane
______ Lysosomes
______ Vacuole
______ Mitochondria
______ Cytoplasm
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cell labelling
Use the explanations of the organelles of a animal cell from the previous
pages to label the animal cell below. Some numbers are provided as hints.
When you are done labelling, colour the cell to distinguish between the
organelles in the animal cell.
9.
7.
1.
4.
8.
10.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
plant vs. animal cells
Plants and animal cells have many similar organelles. Sort the organelles
using the Venn diagram below.
Animal
Cells
Both
Plant
Cells
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
flow of materials in a cell
Objects can be permeable, impermeable, or selectively permeable.
A permeable object allows water and air to easily pass through. An
example of a permeable object is cotton. A thin piece of tissue is also
permeable.
An impermeable object does not allow air or water to pass through. An
example of an impermeable object is a plastic bag because it traps air
and water.
A material that is selectively permeable only allows some substances
to pass through. A cell membrane is selectively permeable because it
only allows certain molecules to cross the membrane to carry out their
required functions. Cells need to allow water, oxygen, and carbon
dioxide in and out of the cell. The cell membrane blocks large
molecules that can harm the cell and prevents them from entry.
Cytosis is a transport mechanism for the movement of molecules in
and out of cells. There are three main types of cytosis:
1.
Endocytosis: Transporting into the cell
2.
Exocytosis: Transporting out of the cell
3.
Transcytosis: Transporting through the cell
Place the following things under the most appropriate description of their
permeability on the scale below: plastic bag, tissue, cotton, cell membrane,
soil, concrete, rubber boots.
permeable
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selectively
permeable
impermeable
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
Diffusion is
Diffusion is the movement of particles from a plentiful area (high
concentration) to an area where there are few of them (low
concentration).
Diffusion is used to transport oxygen into a cell. When a cell is
lacking oxygen, the oxygen from outside the cell will diffuse through
the membrane. As this oxygen is used, more oxygen will diffuse into
the cell to replenish the supply.
There are many other examples of diffusion. Tea is
made by diffusing the tea leaves into boiling water.
Osmosis is
Osmosis is a form of diffusion that involves water. The water content
in a cell must remain relatively the same. Osmosis allows cells to
maintain this water threshold and is extremely important for the life
of the cell.
If the water content outside the cell is greater than inside the cell,
water will move into the cell. If the opposite is true, water will flow out
of the cell.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
flow of materials questions
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
unicellular organism
multicellular organism
Organisms can be either unicellular or multicellular. A unicellular
organism only relies on one cell to carry out all of the necessary
functions of an organism. Examples of a unicellular organisms include
yeast, amoebas, fungi, and algae. A paramecium is a unicellular
organism that is located in pond water. It is able to survive by taking
food from the water and processing it through vacuoles. This
organism is able to survive solely through this one type of cell.
In contrast, multicellular organisms are much more complex. Humans
are an example of a multicellular organism. Humans have a variety of
different cell types such as blood cells, nerve cells, skin cells, and
muscle cells. These cells are all designed so they are well suited for
their unique purpose.
Muscle cells are fibres that are built to allow for muscular contraction.
This allows the human body to move and perform a variety of physical
exercises. Nerve cells have dendrites and axons which allow them to
connect and send signals to other nerve cells. This is necessary for
muscle control and allows signals to be sent across the body.
unicellular
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multicellular
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
bacteria research assignment
Bacteria
Bacteria Benefits
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Bacteria Risks
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
importance of cells
Cells are very important because they are the basic building blocks
of all living things. Cells are vital to the survival of all species,
whether it is a tiny amoeba or a complex human, like you! Studying
cells helps us understand how organisms function and how our
organs work together to carry out our basic bodily functions. It is
important to understand cells to prevent our bodies from infections
and diseases. Scientists use their knowledge about cells to treat
illnesses and diagnose diseases. Scientific research has led to
discoveries about different activities that harm and benefit cells.
Scientists have learned about different activities that can cause
harm to our cells. Ultraviolet light and other radiations can damage
our DNA. Harmful radiation can come from many sources including
x-rays, ultraviolet light from the sun, and microwaves. Scientists have
discovered that exposure to types of radiation can lead to cancers.
Normal cells in the human body grow and divide and know when to
stop growing. Cancer happens when abnormal harmful cells grow
and divide and do not get destroyed.
Research has also led to discoveries about things that can be done
to keep our cells healthy. Our cells require nutrients to operate
properly. Cells need to have proper vitamins, minerals, fatty acids,
fiber and amino acids. For this reason, a well-balanced, nutrient-rich
diet is very important to cell health. Adequate hydration also
contributes to healthy cells.
What is another important reason for studying
cells?
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
importance of cells questions
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
vocabulary
Write the definition for important words introduced in this workbook.
Biology
Cell
Organelle
Cell Theory
Selective
Permeability
Stage
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
vocabulary
Write the definition for important words introduced in this workbook.
Organ
System
Organ
Tissue
Unicellular
Organism
Multicellular
Organism
Cytosis
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
vocabulary
Write the definition for important words introduced in this workbook.
Permeable
Impermeable
Diffusion
Osmosis
Membrane
ATP
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cells quiz
Part 1: Short Answer and Matching (13 Marks)
Word Bank
are the smallest membrane in the cell and create
protein. They are often referred to as protein factories.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cells quiz
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cells quiz
Part 3: Matching (9 Marks)
Word Bank
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cells quiz
Part 4: Short Answer (11 Marks)
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Answer Key
Name: ___________________________________
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
chart
In the chart below, write what you know and wonder about cells.
At the end of this workbook, write what you have learned about cells.
What I know about cells is...
What I wonder about cells is...
What I have learned about cells is...
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
what is a
cell
Early scientists were able to determine the basic requirements that
plants and animals needed to survive. Animals need food, water, and
oxygen and plants need water and sunlight. However, for a long time,
it was unclear how living things were able to get energy from these
sources.
It was not until the invention of the microscope when scientists were
first able to see cells. In 1665, Robert Hooke discovered the first cell
using a microscope. Cells are a microscopic structural unit of an
organism. Scientists learned that cells have different parts that must
work together in order to carry out various cellular activities.
Analyzing cells under a microscope has led to
many scientific discoveries and there has been
significant scientific advancement since the
first microscope was invented in 1609. Scientists
have summarized their cell discoveries using a
theory called cell theory.
Biology is the field of science that studies life
and living organisms.
A cell is the basic structural unit of an organism. Scientists are
interested in studying cells to understand how living things
survive.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cells, tissues, organs,
and systems
The human body is made up of 11 organ systems including the
circulatory system, digestive system, muscular system, and the
nervous system. Each system is composed of a variety of organs,
tissues, and cells. Scientists estimate that there are around 30 trillion
cells in our body. Millions of these cells are created and destroyed
every day.
Organisms like humans can be organized into four components. The
smallest component is individual cells and the largest component is
organ systems.
Cells are the smallest functional and structural unit of all living
organisms. A group of cells that join together to serve a similar
function are called tissues. An organ is a group of tissues that perform
a function. Lastly, a collection of organs is called an organ system.
In the boxes below, write the words systems, tissues, cells, and organs
in order from the smallest unit to the largest.
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
types of
respiratory
circulatory
musculoskeletal
digestive
nervous
Respiratory: Lungs, Trachea, Diaphragm. Circulatory: Heart, Arteries, Veins,
Capillaries. Musculoskeletal: Joints, Cartilage, Ligaments, Tendons.
Digestive: Mouth, Stomach, Esophagus, Intestines, Rectum/Anus, Pancreas,
Liver, Gallbladder. Nervous: Brain, Cerebellum, Spinal Cord
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
Cell theory
By using microscopes, many scientist collaborated on the three
key ideas of cell theory. These ideas are:
1.
All living things are made up of one cell (unicellular) or more
cells (multicellular).
2.
The cell is the basic unit of life. It is the smallest living thing
that has characteristics of a living thing.
3.
All cells are created from existing cells through cell division.
In the boxes below, draw a picture that will help you remember
each of the key ideas of cell theory.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
of
Salvino D’Armate invents
the first pair of wearable
eyeglasses.
After making a telescope
to look at the stars,
Galileo Galilei makes a
compound microscope.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
uses a simple microscope
to look at the first living
cells of blood, yeast, and
insects.
Ernst Ruska builds a
scanning electron
microscope that uses
electrons instead of light
to view an object.
Stefan Hell creates a
super-resolution
microscope that allows
scientists to see objects
closer than possible with
a light.
1284
1590
Zacharias and Hans
Janssen, a father-son team,
make an early microscope
by putting multiple lenses in
a tube to look at small
objects closer.
1609
1665
English scientist Robert
Hooke first uses the word
“cells” to describe tissue.
1676
1830
Joseph Jackson Lister
improves the microscope
by adjusting the distance
of the lenses to make the
image less blurry.
1942
1972
1993
2010
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Hounsfield and Cormack
develop a computerised
axial tomography (CAT)
scanner. CAT scans are
used to see internal
organs and structures.
Researchers at UCLA use a
cryoelectron microscope to
see atoms of a virus.
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
of
questions
Robert Hooke coined the term “cells.”
The first living things viewed through a microscope were cells of blood,
yeast, and insects.
The first simple microscope was made by a father and son team who
put multiple lenses into a tube to view small things more clearly.
Answers may vary.
Answers may vary. Sample answer: It is important for researchers to
study viruses so they can learn where the virus started and how it can
be controlled through vaccines or medicine.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
Microscopes
The compound light microscope is commonly used in science. It is a
microscope that uses more than one lens and has a light source. The
compound light microscope relies on many different components to
provide a detailed view of a specimen.
1.
Stage: The stage is the location where the slide is placed for observing.
2.
Stage clips: The clips are used to attach the slide to the stage.
3.
Ocular Lens: The ocular lens (eyepiece) is a lens that magnifies the
specimen. It typically magnifies by 10 times.
4.
Coarse adjustment knob: This is an adjustment knob that moves the stage
up and down. This knob is used before the fine adjustment knob.
5.
Fine adjustment Knob: The fine adjustment knob sharpens the view of the
specimen. This is the only adjustment knob needed while using the high
power lenses.
6.
Revolving Nosepiece: The revolving nosepiece is where the objective lenses
connect to the microscope. It allows the viewer to rotate between the
different lenses.
7.
Objective Lens: These are used to magnify the specimen in low power (4x),
medium power (10x) and high power (40x).
8.
Base: The base provides the platform for the microscope to lay on.
9.
Arm: The arm connects the tube to the base of the microscope.
10.
Lamp: The lamp is the light source that passes through the specimen.
11.
Diaphragm: The diaphragm allows light to pass through the specimen on
the stage. It has a rotating disk to adjust the light.
12.
Tube: The tube separates the eyepiece from the objective lense.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
labelling
Use the explanations of the different parts of a microscope from the
previous page to label the microscope below. Some numbers are provided
as hints.
Ocular Lens
Tube
4. Coarse adjustment
knob
Fine adjustment
Revolving Nosepiece
knob
Arm
Objective Lens
1.
Stage
Stage Clip
11. Diaphragm
10. Lamp
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Base
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
handling
with care
Microscopes are expensive pieces of scientific equipment. It is important
that they are handled with care to ensure that they are not broken.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Carry the microscope by putting one hand under its base and one hand on
the metal support arm.
Use the microscope on a flat surface.
Always begin focusing with the 4X objective and coarse adjustment knob.
Do not allow the lens to touch the slide you are looking at. Dirty lenses are
hard to clean.
Only use special paper wipes for cleaning the lenses.
Cover or store the microscope when not in use.
Turn off the bulb when not in use and let it cool down before storing the
microscope.
Store in a clean, dry place.
Perform a yearly maintenance check to make sure the microscope is in
proper working condition.
Have your microscope serviced by professionals.
Read the care instructions above. Use the chart below to sort the care
instructions by who is responsible for each job.
Student’s Responsibility
●
●
●
●
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Carry the microscope properly
Use microscope on flat surface
Begin focusing with 4X objective
Do not allow lens to touch slide
Cover microscope when not in
use
Turn off bulb when not in use
Store in clean place
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Teacher’s Responsibility
●
●
●
Clean lens with special paper
Perform yearly maintenance
check
Have microscope serviced by
professionals
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
Microscopes allow us to see very small things as if they were much
bigger. The size of a red blood cell is 0.007 mm. A dust particle is
0.01 mm, an amoeba (a unicellular organism) is 0.5 mm, the tip of a
pin is 1.0 mm, and the average flea is 1.5 mm.
Which of the things listed above do you think you could see with
your unaided eye (i.e. without a microscope)?
You could see the tip of a pin and a flea with your unaided eye.
Magnification
Consider the real size of an amoeba (0.5 mm) and the
amoeba shown on the right. How many times do you
think it has been magnified? How can you tell?
Students should measure the amoeba on the
right (about 2.5 cm) and divide by 0.5 mm. 25 mm
divided by 0.5 mm is a 50X magnification.
When looking at a picture, is it important to know if it has been
magnified? Why?
Answers may vary. Sample answer: It is important to know if a
picture has been magnified because otherwise, you might think it is
to scale, which means you may be very surprised when you cannot
see the same detail with you “naked” eye.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
A compound microscope has two sets of lenses: the ocular and
objective lenses. Each type of lens will have its magnifying power
written on it. When an object is viewed under a microscope, it is
magnified by both the ocular lens and the objective lens. To
determine the total magnification, multiply the objective lens by the
ocular lens.
Objective Magnification x Ocular Lens = Total Magnification
Calculate the total magnification using the chart below.
Magnification
Ocular Lens
Low Power
4X
10X
40X
Medium Power
10X
10X
100X
High Power
40X
10X
400X
Try this!
Total Magnification
Make a Magnifier
Materials:
● Water
● Plastic sheet
● Newspaper or other small text
Procedure:
1. Put a flat plastic sheet (plastic overhead sheets or plastic
off packaging work well) over your page of small text.
2.
Put a small drop of water on the plastic sheet
3.
Move the plastic sheet around on your page of text.
Observe what happens to the writing.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
plant vs. animal cells
Cells are the tiniest living thing. They are everywhere, but do you
think you know what a cell looks like? Recall the differences between
organisms that are part of the plant kingdom and the animal
kingdom.
In the boxes below, draw a diagram of what you think a plant cell
and an animal cell look like.
Plant Cell
Answers may vary.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Animal Cell
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
plant vs. animal cells
Plant and animal cells have many similar components. However,
there are some differences.
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Plant cells tend to be larger than animal cells.
Plant cells have additional structures that are not found in
animal cells.
Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall which are not
found in animal cells.
The cell wall and cell membrane found in plant cells gives the
cell a more rectangular shape.
Plants do not eat food like animals do. Plants need a
chloroplast to photosynthesize their own food using the energy
from the sun.
Animal cells cannot synthesize their own nutrients.
Unlike plant cells which have a single large vacuole, animal
cells have several smaller vacuoles.
Animal cells contain lysosomes and most plant cells do not.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and they help break
down excess or worn out cell components.
Answers may vary.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cell anatomy
The components in a cell are referred to as organelles.
1.
Nucleus: The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. The nucleus also
stores DNA and genetic information required for cell division and
growth.
2.
Nucleolus: The nucleolus is contained within the nucleus and is
responsible for making ribosomes.
3.
Ribosomes: Ribosomes are the smallest membrane in the cell and
create protein. They are often referred to as protein factories.
4.
Golgi Apparatus: The golgi apparatus sorts important proteins and
fats in the cell before they are delivered to their next destination.
5.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of
bubbles and tubes that are either rough or smooth. It helps to modify
and transport proteins.
6.
Cell Membrane: The cell membrane is a barrier around the cell. It is
semi-permeable, meaning that it allows some things to enter the cell
while other things are excluded. The role of the cell membrane is to
control the entry and exit of various substances in the cell.
7.
Cell Wall: The cell wall is a rigid layer with the primary purpose of
protecting and providing support for the cell.
8.
Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which is required for
photosynthesis.
9.
Vacuole: A vacuole is a large membrane in the cell that is filled with
fluid. It helps maintain the shape of the cell.
10.
Mitochondria: The mitochondria produce energy necessary for the
cell’s survival and functioning. The energy is converted from glucose
into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is usable energy.
11.
Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm provides support for the internal structures of
the cell. It contains the cells organelles.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cell labelling
Use the explanations of the organelles of a plant cell from the previous
page to label the plant cell below. Some numbers are provided as hints.
When you are done labelling, colour the cell to distinguish between the
organelles in the plant cell.
4.
1.
8.
10.
11.
6.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cell anatomy
The components in a cell are referred to as organelles.
1.
Nucleus: The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. The nucleus
also stores DNA and genetic information required for cell division
and growth.
2.
Nucleolus: The nucleolus is contained within the nucleus and is
responsible for making ribosomes.
3.
Ribosomes: Ribosomes are the smallest membrane in the cell and
create protein. They are often referred to as protein factories.
4.
Golgi Apparatus: The golgi apparatus sorts important proteins and
fats in the cell before they are delivered to their next destination.
5.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of
bubbles and tubes that are either rough or smooth. It helps to
modify and transport proteins.
6.
Cell Membrane: The cell membrane is a barrier around the cell. It is
semi-permeable, meaning that it allows some things to enter the
cell while other things are excluded. The role of the cell membrane
is to control the entry and exit of various substances in the cell.
7.
Lysosomes: Lysosomes contain the digestive enzymes for the cell.
8.
Vacuole: Vacuoles are found in many small storage bubbles in an
animal cell. They store food and nutrients in a cell.
9.
Mitochondria: The mitochondria produces energy necessary for
the cell’s survival and functioning. The energy is converted from
glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is usable energy.
10.
Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm provides support for the internal structures
of the cell. It contains the cells organelles.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
organelle matching
Match each organelle to its description.
A.
contain the digestive enzymes for the cell.
B.
is the control centre of the cell and stores
DNA and genetic information required for
cell division and growth.
C.
provides support for the internal
structures of the cell. It contains the cells
organelles.
D.
produces energy necessary for the cell’s
survival and functioning. The energy is
converted from glucose into ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) which is usable
energy.
F
E.
is contained within the nucleus and is
responsible for making ribosomes.
A
F.
is a barrier around the cell it controls the
entry and exit of various substances in the
cell.
G.
sorts important proteins and fats in the
cell before they are delivered to their next
destination.
H.
are the smallest membrane in the cell and
create protein. They are often referred to
as protein factories.
I.
are found in many small storage bubbles
in an animal cell. They store food and
nutrients in a cell.
J.
is a network of bubbles and tubes that are
either rough or smooth. It helps to modify
and transport proteins.
B
______ Nucleus
E
______ Nucleolus
H
______ Ribosomes
G
______ Golgi Apparatus
J
______ Endoplasmic Reticulum
______ Cell Membrane
______ Lysosomes
I
______ Vacuole
D
______ Mitochondria
C
______ Cytoplasm
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cell labelling
Use the explanations of the organelles of a animal cell from the previous
pages to label the animal cell below. Some numbers are provided as hints.
When you are done labelling, colour the cell to distinguish between the
organelles in the animal cell.
9.
7.
1.
4.
8.
10.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
plant vs. animal cells
Plants and animal cells have many similar organelles. Sort the organelles
using the Venn diagram below.
●
●
Animal
Cells
Lysosomes
Vacuole (multiple
small)
Both
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Plant
Cells
●
●
●
●
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Vacuole (single
large)
Lysosomes
(uncommon)
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
flow of materials in a cell
Objects can be permeable, impermeable, or selectively permeable.
A permeable object allows water and air to easily pass through. An
example of a permeable object is cotton. A thin piece of tissue is also
permeable.
An impermeable object does not allow air or water to pass through. An
example of an impermeable object is a plastic bag because it traps air
and water.
A material that is selectively permeable only allows some substances
to pass through. A cell membrane is selectively permeable because it
only allows certain molecules to cross the membrane to carry out their
required functions. Cells need to allow water, oxygen, and carbon
dioxide in and out of the cell. The cell membrane blocks large
molecules that can harm the cell and prevents them from entry.
Cytosis is a transport mechanism for the movement of molecules in
and out of cells. There are three main types of cytosis:
1.
Endocytosis: Transporting into the cell
2.
Exocytosis: Transporting out of the cell
3.
Transcytosis: Transporting through the cell
Place the following things under the most appropriate description of their
permeability on the scale below: plastic bag, tissue, cotton, cell membrane,
soil, concrete, rubber boots.
permeable
●
●
●
Tissue
Cotton
Soil
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
selectively
permeable
●
Cell
Membrane
impermeable
●
●
●
Plastic bag
Concrete
Rubber Boots
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
Diffusion is
Diffusion is the movement of particles from a plentiful area (high
concentration) to an area where there are few of them (low
concentration).
Diffusion is used to transport oxygen into a cell. When a cell is
lacking oxygen, the oxygen from outside the cell will diffuse through
the membrane. As this oxygen is used, more oxygen will diffuse into
the cell to replenish the supply.
There are many other examples of diffusion. Tea is
made by diffusing the tea leaves into boiling water.
Osmosis is
Osmosis is a form of diffusion that involves water. The water content
in a cell must remain relatively the same. Osmosis allows cells to
maintain this water threshold and is extremely important for the life
of the cell.
If the water content outside the cell is greater than inside the cell,
water will move into the cell. If the opposite is true, water will flow out
of the cell.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
flow of materials questions
A permeable object allows water and air to easily pass through. An
example of a permeable object is cotton. A thin piece of tissue is
also permeable.
A cell membrane is selectively permeable because it only allows
certain molecules to cross the membrane to carry out their required
functions. Cells need to allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in
and out of the cell. The cell membrane blocks large molecules that
can harm the cell and prevents them from entry.
Diffusion is the movement of particles from a plentiful area (high
concentration) to an area where there are few of them (low
concentration). Tea is an example of diffusion.
Osmosis is form of diffusion that involve water. The water content in a cell
must remain relatively the same. Osmosis allows cells to maintain this
water threshold and is extremely important for the life of the cell.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
unicellular organism
multicellular organism
Organisms can be either unicellular or multicellular. A unicellular
organism only relies on one cell to carry out all of the necessary
functions of an organism. Examples of a unicellular organisms include
yeast, amoebas, fungi, and algae. A paramecium is a unicellular
organism that is located in pond water. It is able to survive by taking
food from the water and processing it through vacuoles. This
organism is able to survive solely through this one type of cell.
In contrast, multicellular organisms are much more complex. Humans
are an example of a multicellular organism. Humans have a variety of
different cell types such as blood cells, nerve cells, skin cells, and
muscle cells. These cells are all designed so they are well suited for
their unique purpose.
Muscle cells are fibres that are built to allow for muscular contraction.
This allows the human body to move and perform a variety of physical
exercises. Nerve cells have dendrites and axons which allow them to
connect and send signals to other nerve cells. This is necessary for
muscle control and allows signals to be sent across the body.
unicellular
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
multicellular
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
bacteria research assignment
Bacteria
Bacteria Benefits
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Bacteria Risks
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
importance of cells
Cells are very important because they are the basic building blocks
of all living things. Cells are vital to the survival of all species,
whether it is a tiny amoeba or a complex human, like you! Studying
cells helps us understand how organisms function and how our
organs work together to carry out our basic bodily functions. It is
important to understand cells to prevent our bodies from infections
and diseases. Scientists use their knowledge about cells to treat
illnesses and diagnose diseases. Scientific research has led to
discoveries about different activities that harm and benefit cells.
Scientists have learned about different activities that can cause
harm to our cells. Ultraviolet light and other radiations can damage
our DNA. Harmful radiation can come from many sources including
x-rays, ultraviolet light from the sun, and microwaves. Scientists have
discovered that exposure to types of radiation can lead to cancers.
Normal cells in the human body grow and divide and know when to
stop growing. Cancer happens when abnormal harmful cells grow
and divide and do not get destroyed.
Research has also led to discoveries about things that can be done
to keep our cells healthy. Our cells require nutrients to operate
properly. Cells need to have proper vitamins, minerals, fatty acids,
fiber and amino acids. For this reason, a well-balanced, nutrient-rich
diet is very important to cell health. Adequate hydration also
contributes to healthy cells.
What is another important reason for studying
cells?
Answers may vary.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
importance of cells questions
It is important to study cells to learn about different activities that
can cause harm to our cells. Ultraviolet light and other radiations
can damage our DNA. Harmful radiation can come from many
sources including x-rays, UV light from the sun, and microwaves.
Scientists have also discovered that exposure to types of radiation
can lead to cancers.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
vocabulary
Write the definition for important words introduced in this workbook.
Biology
Cell
Organelle
Cell Theory
Selective
Permeability
Stage
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
vocabulary
Write the definition for important words introduced in this workbook.
Organ
System
Organ
Tissue
Unicellular
Organism
Multicellular
Organism
Cytosis
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
vocabulary
Write the definition for important words introduced in this workbook.
Permeable
Impermeable
Diffusion
Osmosis
Membrane
ATP
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cells quiz
Part 1: Short Answer and Matching (13 Marks)
cell
Word Bank
are the smallest membrane in the cell and create
protein. They are often referred to as protein factories.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cells quiz
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cells quiz
Part 3: Matching (9 Marks)
Word Bank
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
Name: _________________________________
Date: _______________________________
cells quiz
Part 4: Short Answer (11 Marks)
1.
All living things are made up of one cell (unicellular) or more cells
(multicellular).
2.
The cell is the basic unit of life. It is the smallest living thing that has
characteristics of a living thing.
3.
All cells are created from existing cells through cell division.
1.
Carry the microscope with one hand under its base and one hand on the
metal support arm.
2.
Use the microscope on a flat surface.
3.
Always begin focusing with the 4X objective and coarse adjustment knob.
Osmosis is form of diffusion that involves water. The water content in
a cell must remain relatively the same. Osmosis allows cells to
maintain this water threshold and is extremely important for the life
of the cell.
A permeable object allows water and air to easily pass through. An
impermeable object does not allow air or water to pass through. A cell
membrane is selectively permeable because it only allow certain
molecules to cross the membrane to carry out their required functions.
Cells need to allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in and out.
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin 2020
TPT: Teacher Resource Cabin ​©
Cells
Overview
Subject: ​Science
Grade:​ 8
Strand: ​ Understanding Life Systems: Cells
Estimated Duration of Lesson: ​1-2 weeks
Ontario Curriculum Expectations
Overall Expectation(s) Specific Expectation(s)
Grade 8
1. assess the impact of
cell biology on
individuals, society,
and the environment;
2. investigate
functions and
processes of plant
and animal cells;
3. demonstrate an
understanding of the
basic structure and
function of plant and
animal
cells and cell
processes.
Grade 8
1.1 assess the role of selected technologies in enhancing
our understanding of cells and cellular processes
1.2 assess the potential that our understanding of cells
and cell processes has for both beneficial and harmful
effects on human health and the environment, taking
different perspectives into account
2.1 follow established safety procedures for handling
apparatus and materials and use microscopes correctly
and safely
2.5 use appropriate science and technology vocabulary,
including organelle, diffusion, osmosis, cell theory,
selective permeability, membrane, stage, and eyepiece, in
oral and written communication
3.1 demonstrate an understanding of the postulates of
the cell theory
3.2 identify structures and organelles in cells, including
the nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts,
vacuole, mitochondria, and cytoplasm, and explain the
basic functions of each
3.4 explain the processes of diffusion and osmosis and
their roles within a cell
3.5 identify unicellular organisms and multicellular
organisms, and compare ways in which they meet their
basic needs
3.6 describe the organization of cells into tissues, organs,
and systems
TPT: Teacher Resource Cabin ​©
Learning Goal and Success Criteria
Learning Goal:
● I will investigate cell biology and how it impacts society and the
environment.
Success Criteria:
● I can explain what biology is
● I can explain the anatomy of a cell
● I can distinguish between plant and animal cells
● I can explain the functions of different parts within a cell
Materials
● Pencils, pencil
Photocopy for each student:
crayons/crayons
● “Cells” Workbook
● Internet connection (Optional)
● Newspaper, water, plastic
sheet (Optional, for an
experiment)
Content
● Work through the ​“Cells” ​ workbook
● Answer student questions as they arise and explain key
vocabulary
● Key vocabulary: ​organelle, diffusion, osmosis, cell theory,
selective permeability, membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, stage,
eyepiece, organ system, organ, tissue, unicellular, multicellular,
reflection, permeable, impermeable, ATP
TPT: Teacher Resource Cabin ​©
Accommodations
●
●
●
●
Work in small group with teacher guidance
Work individually with teacher guidance
Teacher scribe for research organizer
Work in Special Education resource room
Assessment
● Administer the four-page quiz after completing the workbook
● Assess “Cells” workbook for accuracy and completion
● Provide students with level 1-4 and include descriptive contents
● Teacher-student conference about Cells to assess key concepts
and vocabulary.
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