PLEADINGS, PETITIONS, MOTIONS AND OTHER
JUDICIAL AND LEGAL FORMS
(Revised 2007)1
THEODORE O. TE2
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These forms were first published in 1998 for use in the UP Law Bar Ops for that year.
Assistant Professor and Director, University of the Philippines Office of Legal Aid; Ll.B., U.P. (1990); Grateful
acknowledgement is given to Feliz Marie M. Guerrero, Ll.B. U.P. (2008, expected) for invaluable assistance in reformatting, proofreading and updating of legal references.
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1
ON WRITING, LEGALLY
“Therefore, its name was called Babel, because
there the Lord confused the language of all the
earth.” – Genesis, 11:9, ESV
If brevity is the soul of wit, what now is to become of lawyers (and law students) who
would nonchalantly write a 100-page document and dare call it a “Brief”?
The traditional notion of legal writing is that it is a competition to put together as many
four to five-syllable words in a one-paragraph sentence. The language of the law mystifies and
with this comes the power of the lawyer. The more obscure and obtuse the language, the greater
the need for a lawyer.
History has given us many language handicaps and obstacles to clarity and precision.
Throughout four years of law school, the law student, who eventually becomes a lawyer, is
trained to think in archaic words and phrases–legalese–which appear to have legal significance
but is actually too imprecise to help anyone understand what is going on. And to add to the
babelish situation, there are hundreds of words in a dead language–Latin–that have little
relevance to the contemporary world.
There is a sea change, however, going on in legal writing. More and more, pleaders are
asked to be clear and concise, precise not pedantic. Why waste five words when three will do?3
But change, as always, is difficult and painful. Yet, it is an essential response to today’s evolving
legal profession. Indeed, when the most common means now of communicating is text, with its
own subculture and lingo, there must be a re-examination of the archaic manner by which legal
writing presents itself.
What this short introduction to the accompanying handbook of Pleadings, Petitions,
Motions and Other Legal and Judicial Forms seeks to do is to put forth the need to write clearly
and concisely, precisely but not pedantically.
When a judge’s attention span is short and his backlog of reading is long, the need to
write concisely, clearly, precisely but not pedantically becomes absolutely clear.
Writing concisely and not pedantically, however, does not mean that the legal writer
ought to cut corners when it comes to substance as well as form; the only thing that that
guarantees is a baleful stare and a rude dismissal from the judge. Not only must the writer know
the arguments and the bases for his arguments, but she must also realize that these arguments
need to be presented in a manner that is technically sufficient.
3
My favorite, and many of my students will attest to this, is the absolutely archaic “Comes Now, the Plaintiff, by the
undersigned counsel, unto this Honorable Court, respectfully states that” as part of every pleading. Why waste 15
words, when 6 will do, thus: “Plaintiff, by counsel, respectfully states that”. The latter loses none of the legal
gravitas but loses every bit of the archaic pretense that mystifies the law and perpetuates the notion that laywers
know what they are doing each and every time.
It is hoped that the forms presented here, with checklists4 of legal requirements and short
annotations, will provide the impetus for demystifying legal writing and legal drafting. These
forms come from actual forms used in the author’s practice, some from worthy opponents and
still some from traditional form books, with updates to fit the current state of the Rules.
While this handbook was produced, primarily, with the bar examinees and the law intern
or law student in mind, it is hoped that it might prove helpful as well when September ends5 and
life, as a lawyer, begins in earnest.
Theodore O. Te
Room 105, Malcolm Hall
University of the Philippines
August 2007
4
Acknowledgment is given to Atty. Alex M. Enriquez, (Ll.B., UP, 1990) for the original template of the
Checklists, which have been updated to suit current practice.
5
Vide Green Day, “Wake Me Up When September Ends”, which has become an unofficial anthem for bar
examinees in the Philippines.
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) The CAPTION is that
part of the pleading, which sets
forth:
1. the name of the court
2. the title of the action
3. the docket number, if assigned
(Sec. 1, par. 1, Rule 7, ROC).
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) The TITLE indicates
the names of the parties, who
shall be named in the original
complaint or petition. However, in
subsequent pleadings, it shall be
sufficient if the name of the 1st
party on each side be stated with
an appropriate indication when
there are other parties. Their
respective participation in the
case shall be indicated (Sec. 1,
par. 2 &3, Rule 7, ROC).
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) The JURAT
accompanies any notarized
document that is declaratory in
nature, as opposed to a notarized
document that transmits rights or
property, which must be
accompanied by an
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
Note that if the document is
subscribed before a public officer
duly authorized to take oaths,
then there is no need for the
affiant to produce a CTC nor for
the entry into a Notarial Register;
thus, the italicized portion of the
JURAT is dispensed with but not
the oath itself.
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) JURAT refers to an act
in which an individual, on a
single occasion:
1. appears in person before a
notary public (NP) and presents
an instrument or document
2. is personally known to the NP
or identified by the NP through
competent evidence of identity as
defined by these Rules
3. signs the instrument or
document in the presence of the
NP
4. takes an oath or affirmation
before the NP as to such
instrument or document (Sec. 5,
2004 Rules on Notarial Practice,
A.M. No. 02-8-13-SC effective
August 1, 2004).
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) A pleading is verified
by an affidavit that the affiant has
read the pleading and that the
allegations therein are true and
correct of his personal knowledge
or based on authentic records
(Sec. 4, par. 2, Rule 7, ROC).
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considered defective and the
pleading unverified/unsigned.
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Exams
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) Under Rule 7, Sec. 5,
the plaintiff or principal party
must certify under oath in the
complaint, initiatory pleading, or
sworn certification that:
1.he has not commenced any
action or filed any claim involving
the same issues in any court,
tribunal or quasi-judicial agency
and, to the best of his knowledge,
no such other action or claim is
pending there
2. if there is such other pending
action or claim, a complete
statement of its present status,
and
3. if he should thereafter learn
that the same or similar action or
claim has been filed or is pending,
he shall report that fact within 5
days to the court where his
complaint or pleading was filed.
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w/o prejudice, UNLESS otherwise
provided, upon motion and after
hearing.
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Submission of a false certification
or non-compliance with its
undertakings shall constitute
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prejudice to corresponding admin
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) NOTE: The Notice of
Hearing is actually both a
REQUEST and a NOTICE; a
REQUEST for the Branch Clerk of
Court to include the motion in the
calendar for hearing on a specific
date and a NOTICE to opposing
counsel of the hearing date
requested. In non-litigious motions
or ex parte motions, it is sufficient
that the request not contain a
date, and for that purpose, the
underlined portion in the Request
may be omitted with the Notice to
opposing counsel simply stating
that “counsel will submit the
motion to the court for approval
immediately upon receipt.”
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a written explanation if service is
done by registered mail instead of
by personal service; the
explanation need not be verified,
it being required only that it is
signed. However, in the Supreme
Court, where an Affidavit of
Service is required, it may be
practical to combine the
Explanation and the Affidavit of
Service. Cf. Rule 13, sections 11
and 13.
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Resolution on Bar Matter No.
1132 dated Nov. 12, 2002, all
pleadings must indicate the ff:
1. Roll of Attorneys number of
counsel
2. Current Professional Tax
Receipt number (PTR No.)
3. IBP Official Receipt or Life
Member number
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1. Caption and Title
2. Parties/Capacity of Parties
3. Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts
4. Statement of Cause(s) of Action
5. Prayer/Reliefs
6. Date/Place of Execution
7. Signature of Counsel
8. Verification and Certification
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1988, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997
and 2000 Bar Question
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allegation may actually be
unnecessary considering the facts
given and that the plaintiff is a
juridical person. It is included in
this complaint simply for
educational purposes as a
representative allegation of this
fact.
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4. Statement of Cause(s) of Action
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6. Date/Place of Execution
7. Signature of Counsel
8. Verification and Certification
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portion is indispensable to the
filing of a Complaint as it is
required that every Complaint
state in the body as well as in the
prayer the amount of damages
sought. This is jurisdictional and
a complaint that fails to comply
with this requirement is fatally
defective.
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1. Caption and Title
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counterclaim, must be
accompanied by a Certification
against Forum Shopping. Also
please note that an Answer need
not be verified BUT if there is a
specific denial of an actionable
document, such as that
contained here, then the
Answer must be verified. See
again Rule 8, secs. 7 (definition of
actionable document), 8 (how to
contest such documents), 10
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deny).
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Checklist:
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settlement
2. Alternative modes of dispute
resolution
3. Summary of admitted facts
4. Proposed stipulation of facts
and issues
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need to attach a Notice of Hearing
for a Pre-Trial Brief. Also, pre-trial
is now mandatory in criminal
cases under Rule 118, 2000
Rules on Criminal Procedure as
well as under RA 8493 (The
Speedy Trial Act), although
neither the law nor the Rules
require the submission of a PreTrial Brief in criminal cases (in
practice, courts also do not
require the submission of a pretrial brief in criminal cases).
Consequently, the requirement of
a pre-trial brief and the
consequences for failure to
submit one (e.g., non-suit or
dismissal) appear to pertain
exclusively to civil cases.
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Checklist:
1. Ground(s)
2. Argument(s)
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Notice of Hearing
5. Proof of Service
6. Attachments (if any)
7. Verification (in certain cases)
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a motion for leave to file a
pleading or motion shall be
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by personal service; the
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it being required only that it is
signed. However, in the Supreme
Court, where an Affidavit of
Service is required, it may be
practical to combine the
Explanation and the Affidavit of
Service. Cf. Rule 13, sections 11
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Argument(s)
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Attachments (if any)
Verification (in certain cases)
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litigious motion, i.e., it must be
set for hearing. Thus, a specific
hearing date must be requested
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adverse party through counsel.
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need for hearing.
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Ground(s)
Argument(s)
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Proof of Service
Attachments (if any)
Verification (in certain cases)
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this does not contain a date of
hearing because under Rule 15,
section 4, it is a motion which the
Court “may act upon without
prejudicing the rights of the
adverse party” and moreover
because Rule 18, section 1
expressly defines this to be an ex
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Ground(s)
Argument(s)
Prayer/Relief
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Proof of Service
Attachments (if any)
Verification (in certain cases)
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motion is considered a nonlitigious motion; thus, the request
and notice need not specify a date
of hearing and simply state that it
is being submitted for approval
“immediately upon receipt.”
Although, the better practice
would be to file such a motion
early so as to be able to set it for
hearing and approval by the
court.
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Argument(s)
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Verification (in certain cases)
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the new deadline, so that it can be
used as a personal reminder of
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is entitled to be notified of this
motion and the order declaring
him/her in default; thereafter,
defendant loses the right to
receive any other notices except
for judgment in default.
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) Checklist:
Ground(s)
Argument(s)
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Proof of Service
Attachments (if any)
Verification (in certain cases)
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the type of motion, be advisable to
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material antecedents so that the
arguments and the basis for relief
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Checklist:
1. 60 days from notice of
judgment or final order (cf. Rule
65, sec. 4)
2. Names of petitioner and
respondent
3. Grounds relied upon
4. Prayer/Relief
5. Combined Verification,
Certification against Forum
Shopping, and Statement of
Material Dates
6. Attachments
a. Certified true copies of the
judgment/order subject of
petition
b. All material portions of the
record as would support the
petition*
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the date when the Decision or
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to the requirements under the
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) Checklist:
1. 60 days from notice of
judgment or final order (cf. Rule
65, sec. 4)
2. Names of petitioner and
respondent
3. Grounds relied upon
4. Prayer/Relief
5. Combined Verification,
Certification against Forum
Shopping, and Statement of
Material Dates
6. Attachments
a. Certified true copies of the
judgment/order subject of
petition
b. All material portions of the
record as would support the
petition*
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the date when the Decision or
Judgment was received pursuant
to the requirements under the
Rules of Court. (See Form I-G)
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) Checklist:
1. 60 days from notice of
judgment or final order (cf. Rule
65, sec. 4)
2. Names of petitioner and
respondent
3. Grounds relied upon
4. Prayer/Relief
5. Combined Verification,
Certification against Forum
Shopping, and Statement of
Material Dates
6. Attachments
a. Certified true copies of the
judgment/order subject of
petition
b. All material portions of the
record as would support the
petition*
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) Rule 62
Checklist:
1. Parties - Petitioner, who must
claim no interest or has an
interest not disputed by
claimants; and claimants over the
same subject matter
2. Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts - facts showing conflicting
claims made on the same subject
matter over which petitioner
claims no interest or an interest
that is not disputed by claimants
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Date/Place of Execution
5. Signature of Counsel
6. Verification and Certification
against Forum Shopping
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allege this because otherwise
plaintiff would be required to pay
the docket fees involved in filing
the Complaint in Interpleader
which would be determined by the
value of the property. In this way,
plaintiff will not be unduly
prejudiced by the costs of the
suit.
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) Rule 63, sec. 1, par. 2
Checklist:
1" Parties - Any person interested
under a deed, will, contract or
other writing, before breach
thereof, and who stands to suffer
injury by operation of the said
deed, will, contract or other
writing
" Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts - facts showing interest
under a deed, will, contract or
other written instrument and
injury arising from operation of
said deed, will, contract or other
writing and facts showing that no
violation or breach has occurred;
may also show facts showing need
to reform instrument, quiet title
(arising from conflicting claims or
cloud thereon) or to consolidate
ownership (as when property
under pacto de retro not
redeemed)
6" Prayer/Relief
9" Date/Place of Execution
<" Signature of Counsel
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against Forum Shopping
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) Rule 63, sec. 1, par. 1
Checklist:
1. Parties - Any person interested
under a deed, will, contract or
other writing, before breach
thereof, and who stands to suffer
injury by operation of the said
deed, will, contract or other
writing
2. Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts - facts showing interest
under a deed, will, contract or
other written instrument and
injury arising from operation of
said deed, will, contract or other
writing and facts showing that no
violation or breach has occurred;
may also show facts showing need
to reform instrument, quiet title
(arising from conflicting claims or
cloud thereon) or to consolidate
ownership (as when property
under pacto de retro not
redeemed)
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Date/Place of Execution
5. Signature of Counsel
6. Verification and Certification
against Forum Shopping
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) Rule 66
Checklist
1. Parties a. Solicitor General, when
directed by President or motu
propio;
b. Person claiming to be
entitled to public office or position
usurped or unlawfully held or
exercised by another against the
alleged usurping public officer;
2. Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts - facts showing usurpation
of office and facts showing
entitlement of petitioner to the
office
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Date/Place of Execution
5. Signature of Counsel
6. Verification and Certification
against Forum Shopping
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1. Identity of affiant and other
personal circumstances
2. Statement of venue
3. Factual allegations to show
violation or defense
4. Signature of affiant
5. Verification
6. Certification as to Personal
Examination of Affiant
7. Supporting
Documents/Affidavits
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knowledge of the affiant, many
times, legal answers cannot be
included for fear that affiant does
NOT have personal knowledge.
Stating that affiant was assisted
by counsel may remove that
problem as all that affiant has to
do is say “I was advised by
counsel that…”
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) Rule 112, sec. 3(a),
2000 Rules on Criminal
Procedure. Note that this may be
done before a prosecutor, or any
government official authorized to
administer an oath, or in their
absence or unavailability, a
Notary Public.
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1. Identity of affiant and other
personal circumstances
2. Statement of venue
3. Factual allegations to show
violation or defense
4. Signature of affiant
5. Verification
6. Certification as to Personal
Examination of Affiant
7. Supporting
Documents/Affidavits
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must be based on personal
knowledge of the affiant, many
times, legal answers cannot be
included for fear that affiant does
NOT have personal knowledge.
Stating that affiant was assisted
by counsel may remove that
problem as all that affiant has to
do is say “I was advised by
counsel that…”
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Procedure
Checklist:
1" Parties
a. Name of offended party
b. Name of accused
" Designation of offense by
statute
6" Acts or omissions complained
of as constituting the offense
including a statement of the
qualifying or aggravating
circumstances
9" Approximate time of the
commission of the offense
<" Place of commission
>" Signature of Prosecutor (for
Information)
" Signature of Offended Party,
Peace officer or Public officer
charged with enforcement of the
law (for Complaint)
?" NOTE: if Information is filed
after inquest (and not preliminary
investigation), ADD:
a. Place where accused is
actually detained
b. Full name and address of
evidence custodian
c. Detailed description of
recovered items, if any
@" Verification
1 " Certification of Preliminary
Investigation or Inquest
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""
) NOTE: The allegation
of any aggravating circumstances
should be made here.
@
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) See Rule 112, section
4, 2000 Rules on Criminal
Procedure. This Certification is
appended to an Information filed
after a full blown preliminary
investigation is conducted; if the
accused was arrested without a
warrant and refused/failed to
execute a written waiver of the
provisions of Article 125, Revised
Penal Code, the ACP should have
conducted an INQUEST and not a
preliminary investigation. Any
Information filed would thus have
a different Certification, i.e., a
Certification on Conduct of
Inquest.
$ #""
) See Rule 110, sections
3, 4, 2000 Rules on Criminal
Procedure. Please note that the
oath is administered by a public
officer authorized to administer
an oath; thus, the JURAT does
not contain any reference to the
CTC details. Contrast this with
the Jurat in Form I-C, which
applies when a Notary Public
administers the oath.
"
66
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) Checklist:
1. Parties
a. Name of offended party
b. Name of accused
2. Designation of offense by
statute
3. Acts or omissions complained
of as constituting the offense
including a statement of the
qualifying or aggravating
circumstances
4. Approximate time of the
commission of the offense
5. Place of commission
6. Signature of Prosecutor (for
Information)
7. Signature of Offended Party,
Peace officer or Public officer
charged with enforcement of the
law (for Complaint)
8. NOTE: if Information is filed
after inquest (and not preliminary
investigation), ADD:
a. Place where accused is
actually detained
b. Full name and address of
evidence custodian
c. Detailed description of
recovered items, if any
9. Verification
10. Certification of Preliminary
Investigation or Inquest
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) See DOJ Circular No.
61 (September 21, 1993; “New
Rules on Inquest”), section 14. As
noted above, this Certification
accompanies an Information filed
after an inquest and not a
preliminary investigation is
conducted. An inquest is
conducted only if the respondent
was arrested without a warrant
and does not waive the provisions
of Article 125 of the RPC and does
not wish to avail of a full-blown
preliminary investigation.
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) 1982 Bar Question
""
) Checklist:
1. Parties
a. Name of offended party
b. Name of accused
2. Designation of offense by
statute
3. Acts or omissions complained
of as constituting the offense
including a statement of the
qualifying or aggravating
circumstances
4. Approximate time of the
commission of the offense
5. Place of commission
6. Signature of Prosecutor (for
Information)
7. Signature of Offended Party,
Peace officer or Public officer
charged with enforcement of the
law (for Complaint)
8. NOTE: if Information is filed
after inquest (and not preliminary
investigation), ADD:
a. Place where accused is
actually detained
b. Full name and address of
evidence custodian
c. Detailed description of
recovered items, if any
9. Verification
10. Certification of Preliminary
Investigation or Inquest
$
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) Checklist:
1. Parties
a. Name of offended party
b. Name of accused
2. Designation of offense by
statute
3. Acts or omissions complained
of as constituting the offense
including a statement of the
qualifying or aggravating
circumstances
4. Approximate time of the
commission of the offense
5. Place of commission
6. Signature of Prosecutor (for
Information)
7. Signature of Offended Party,
Peace officer or Public officer
charged with enforcement of the
law (for Complaint)
8. NOTE: if Information is filed
after inquest (and not preliminary
investigation), ADD:
a. Place where accused is
actually detained
b. Full name and address of
evidence custodian
c. Detailed description of
recovered items, if any
9. Verification
10. Certification of Preliminary
Investigation or Inquest
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Checklist:
1. Caption and Title
2. Parties
3. Distinct specification of factual
and legal grounds for quashal
4. Relief
5. Date/Place
6. Signature of counsel
7. Notice of Hearing
8. Affidavit of service
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expressly recognized for the first
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even acknowledged by the
Supreme Court in case law.
Please take note that this may be
filed in and acted upon only by
the court where the action is filed
but if no action has yet been filed,
it may be filed with the court that
issued the search warrant. If no
resolution has yet been made by
the Search Warrant Court by the
time an Information is filed, then
the trial court shall resolve the
Motion to Quash.
""
) Checklist:
1. Caption and Title
2. Distinct Specification of
Factual and Legal Grounds for
Quashal
a. Failure to comply with form
prescribed by law
b. Served beyond period
c. More than one offense
d. No personal determination of
probable cause by Judge
e. No probable cause
3. Relief
4. Place/Date
5. Signature of Counsel
6. Notice of Hearing
7. Proof of Service
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) Rule 126, sec. 14,
2000 Rules on Criminal
Procedure; this is a new pleading
expressly recognized for the first
time in the Rules, although it has
been used widely in practice and
even acknowledged by the
Supreme Court in case law.
Please take note that this may be
filed in and acted upon only by
the court where the action is filed
but if no action has yet been filed,
it may be filed with the court that
issued the search warrant. If no
resolution has yet been made by
the Search Warrant Court by the
time an Information is filed, then
the trial court shall resolve the
Motion to Quash.
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the relief prayed for would be a
bail hearing and the subsequent
admission to bail.
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Exhibits”; please note that this
applies to criminal and civil cases.
In criminal cases, the private
prosecutor has no personality to
formally offer the evidence, thus,
the offer is made in the name of
the prosecution.
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an Offer of Evidence by the
Accused/Defense, then the proper
1st par. should read: “The Accused
(Defendant), by counsel,
respectfully offers his/her
documentary exhibits in support
of his/her defenses, as follows:”.
Invariably, the Offer of Evidence is
made in table or column form
such that it would be easier for
the Court to see the Exhibit No.,
Description and Purpose but, for
purposes of the Bar, this would
not be practicable nor practical.
All that is important is that the
Offer contain the Exhibit Number,
a description of the Exhibit and
the Purpose of Offer.
""
) This is a common
mistake for any legal document
submitted by a private
prosecutor. It is important to
remember that the private
prosecutor has no personality to
do anything in a criminal case as
everything is under the control
and direction of the public
prosecutor. Thus, every legal
document must be signed by both
the public prosecutor and the
private prosecutor. Note that it
would also be acceptable to
have the Offer that is prepared
by a private prosecutor signed
by the public prosecutor to
show his conformity thereto.
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the offer is never objected to;
rather it is the admissibility of the
document that is objected to. The
purpose of offer goes to weight of
the document (unless of course,
the objection is relevance, then
purpose may properly be objected
to as relevance also determines
admissibility). Any objections to
purpose should be made in the
Memorandum and an appropriate
reservation to do so may be stated
in the Comment.
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be called a “Motion to Acquit” as
the relief sought is acquittal.
)
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) There is a different
rule in criminal procedure as
regards a Motion for Leave to File
A Demurrer. The Motion for Leave
must be filed prior to the
Demurrer. It is only when the
Motion for Leave is granted that
the Demurrer may be filed.
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the rule between a civil demurrer
and a demurrer in criminal cases
insofar as effects of leave of court
is concerned. A civil demurrer
may be filed with or without leave
of court but if the demurrer is
granted and later reversed on
appeal, the defendant loses the
right to adduce evidence.
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most important part of the Entry
of Appearance as it indicates to
the Court the authority given and
the source of such authority.
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given. However, if withdrawal is
without conformity, the court may
ask counsel to secure conformity.
If withdrawal is due to
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professional differences, then it
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