The goals of teacher
The Grammar
Translation method
Direct Method
The Audio Lingual
Method
fundamental purpose of
learning a language is
to be able to read
literature written in the
target language. To do
this, students need to
learn about the
grammar rules and
vocabulary of the
target language.
intend that students learn
how to communicate in
the target language. In
order to do this
successfully, students
should learn to think in
the target language.
Teachers want their
students to be able to use
the target language
communicatively.
the roles of the teacher
The Grammar
Translation method
Direct Method
The Audio Lingual
Method
The roles are very
traditional. The teacher
is the authority in the
classroom. The
students do as she says
so they can learn what
she knows.
the teacher directs the
class activities, the
student role is less
passive than in the
Grammar-Translation
Method. The teacher and
the students are more
like partners in the
teaching–learning
process.
The teacher is like an
orchestra leader,
directing and controlling
the language behaviour
of her students.
characteristics of the teaching
The Grammar
Translation method
Direct Method
The Audio Lingual
Method
Students study
grammar deductively;
that is, they are given
the grammar rules and
examples, are told to
memorize them, and
then are asked to apply
the rules to other
examples.
demonstrates its meaning
through the use of realia,
pictures, or pantomime;
he never translates it into
the students‘ native
language. Students speak
in the target language a
great deal and
communicate as if they
were in real situations. In
fact, the syllabus used in
the Direct Method is
based upon situations
(such as geography,
money).
New vocabulary and
structural patterns are
presented through
dialogues. The dialogues
are learned through
imitation and repetition.
Drills (such as repetition,
backward build-up,
chain,) are conducted
based upon the patterns
present in the dialogue.
Students‘ successful
responses are positively
reinforced.
Reviewing the Techniques
The Grammar
Translation method
Direct Method
1. Translation of a
Literary Passage
2. Reading
Comprehension
Questions
3. Antonyms/Synonyms
4. Cognates
5. Deductive
Application of Rules
6. Fill-in-the-blanks
Exercise
7. Memorization
8. Composition
1. Reading Aloud
2. Question and Answer
Exercise
3. Getting Students to
Self-correct
4. Conversation Practice
5. Dictation
The Audio Lingual
Method
1. Dialogue
Memorization
2. Backward Build-up
(Expansion) Drill
3. Repetition Drill
4. Chain Drill
5. Single-slot
Substitution.
6. Multiple-slot
Substitution Drill
7. Transformation Drill
8. Question-and-answer
Drill