APA 7th Edition
The most notable changes
APA Publication Manual
6th edition
(2009)
7th edition
(October 2019)
References and
in-text citations
7 notable changes
1. Publisher location not included
✗
Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal
change. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
✓
Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal
change. Simon & Schuster.
2. In-text citations are shortened
✗
(Taylor, Kotler, Johnson, & Parker, 2018)
✓
(Taylor et al., 2018)
https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/apaquickguide/intext
3. Up to 20 authors in the reference list
✗
Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., …
Nelson, T. P. (2018).
✓
Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., Lewis,
F., Lee, L. H., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D.,
Campbell, C., Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G., … Nelson, T. P. (2018).
4. DOIs are formatted as URLs
✗
doi: 10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449
✓
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449
Inclusive and
bias-free language
Updated guidelines
Use singular “they”
✗
A researcher’s career depends on how often he is cited.
✓
A researcher’s career depends on how often they are cited.
✗
Each examiner submitted his or her assessment.
✓
Each examiner submitted their assessment.
Be sensitive to labels
✗
The poor
✓
People living in poverty
✗
Transsexuals
✓
Transgender people
Appropriate level of specificity
✗
Over-65s
✓
People aged 65 to 75
✗
Asian participants
✓
Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Thai participants
Paper format
Student-specific guidelines
More fonts to choose from
✓
Times New Roman (12 pt)
✓
Arial (11pt)
✓
Georgia (11pt)
✓
Calibri (11pt)
✓
Lucida Sans Unicode (10pt)
No more running head
)
1. o urna I article
Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek. J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A
comparison of storybooks that represe t ethnic and racial groups in the United
States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3) 207-217..
ht ps://doi.org/1O.1037/ppm0000185
• Parenthetical citation: (Grady et al.,
2019)
• Narrative citatio n : Grady et al.. (2019)
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1. Conference presentation
Evans, A. C., Jr., Garbarino, J., Bocanegra, E., Kinscherff, R. T., & Marquez-Greene, N. (2019,
August 8-11). Gun violence: A n event o n the power of community [Conference
presentation]. APA 2019 Convention, Chicago, IL, United States.
https://convention.apa.org/2019-video
• Parenthetical citation: (Evans et al., 2019)
• Narrative citation: Evans et al. (2019)
• Provide the names of the presenters in the author element of the reference.
• Provide the full dates of the conference in the date element of the reference.
• Describe the presentation in square brackets after the title. The description is flexible (e.g.,
"[Conference session]," "[Paper presentation]," "[Poster session]," "[Keynote address]").
• Provide the name of the conference or meeting and its location in the source element of the reference.
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Published Dissertation or Thesis References
Zambrano-Vazquez, L. (2016). The interaction of state and trait worry on response monitoring in
those with worry and obsessive -compulsive symptoms [Doctoral dissertation, University of
Arizona]. UA Campus Repository. https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/620615
• Parenthetical citations: (Kabir, 2016; Miranda, 2019; Zambrano-Vazquez, 2016)
• Narrative citations: Kabir (2016), Miranda (2019), and Zambrano-Vazquez (2016)
Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis References
Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school leaders
[Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.
• Parenthetical citation: (Harris, 2014)
• Narrative citation: Harris (2014)
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Published Dissertation or Thesis References
• A dissertation or thesis is considered published when it is available from a database such as ProOuest
Dissertations and Theses Global or PDQT Open, an institutional repository, or an archive.
• If the database assigns publication numbers to dissertations and theses, include the publication number
in parentheses after the title of the dissertation or thesis without italics.
• Include the description "Doctoral dissertation" or "Master's thesis" followed by a comma and the name
of the institution that awarded the degree. Place this information in square brackets after the
dissertation or thesis title and any publication number.
• In the source element of the reference, provide the name of the database, repository, or archive.
• The same format can be adapted for other published theses, including undergraduate theses, by
changing the wording of the bracketed description as appropriate (e.g., "Undergraduate honors thesis").
• Include a URL for the dissertation or thesis if the URL will resolve for readers (as shown in the Miranda
and Zambrano-Vazquez examples).
• If the database or archive requires users to log in before they can view the dissertation or thesis,
meaning the URL will not work for readers, end the reference with the database name (as in the Kabir
example).
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N e w s p a p e r article
Carey, B. (2019, March 22). Can we get better at forgetting? The New Y o r k Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/health/memory-forgetting-psychology.html
Harlan, C. (2013, April 2). North Korea vows to restart shuttered nuclear reactor that can make
bomb-grade plutonium. The Washington Post, A1, A4.
Stobbe, M. (2020, January 8). Cancer death rate in U.S. sees largest one-year drop ever.
C h i c a g o Tribune.
• Parenthetical citations: (Carey, 2019; Harlan, 2013; Stobbe,
2020)
• Narrative citations: Carey (2019), Harlan (2013), and Stobbe
(2020)
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Wikipedia Entry
References
This page contains a reference example for a Wikipedia entry.
Oil painting. (2019, December 8). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Oil_painting&oldid=929802398
• Parenthetical citation: ("Oil Painting,"
2019)
• Narrative citation: "Oil Painting" (2019)
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1. Whole authored book
Jackson,L M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: F r om attitudes to social action (2nd ed..).
American Psycholog,ical Association. https:1/doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000
Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). B e hav e : T he biology of humans at our be st a n d worst. Penguin
Books.
• Parenthetical citations.: (Jackson, 2019; Sapolsky,
2017)
• Narrative cit,ations: Jackson (2m9) and Sapolsky
(2017)
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1. W e b p a g e o n a n e w s w e bs ite
Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why s o me people with anxiety love watching horror movies.
HuffPost. httpsJ/www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror
movies I 5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e
Roberts, N. (2020, June 10). Trayvon Martin's mother, Sybrina Fulton, qualifies to run for
elected office. BET News. https://www.bet.com/news/national/2020/06/10/trayvon
martin-mother-sybrina-fulton-qualifies-for-office-florid.html
Toner, K. {2020, September 24). Wh e n Covid-19 hit, he turned his n e ws p a p e r route into a
lifeline for senior citizens. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/04/us/coronavirus
newspaper-deliveryman-groceries-senior-citizens-cnnheroes-trnd/index.html
• Parenthetical citatjons: (Bologna, 2019; Roberts, 2020; Toner,
2020)
• Narrative citations: Bologna (2019), Roberts (2020), and Toner
(2020)
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3. W e b p a g e o n a website with a government a g e n c y
group author
National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, July). Anxiety disorders.. U.S. Department of
Health a11dHuman Services, National Institutes of Health.
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml
• Parenthetical citatfon: (National Institute of Mental Health
2018)
• Narrative citation: National Institute of Mental HeaIth (2018)
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References
Ambady, N., & Rosenthal, R. (1993). Half a minute: Predicting1teamer evaluations from thin
slices of nonverbal behavior and physical attractiveness. Joumal of Personality and
SocialPsychology, 64(3), 431-441. http:l/dx-doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.3.431
American Assooiation of University Professors. (n.d.) Bae ground facts on contingent faculty
positions. !.!:hwt.l.;.!.!.!�l!!.S!£!.!i!.li!.;J.!lllt!.�!a!.5'.i!!!d�!.!.Y!2!l.o:I!:.��lir!l.!..!.!la!:.�a
American Association of University Professors. (2018, October 11). Data snapshot: Contingent
faculty in US higher ed. A A U P Updates. https:/
.aaup.orQ/n wsfd
-snapshot-
R4
Anderson, K , & Miller, E. D. (1997). Gender and student evaluations of teaching. P S : Political
Scienc,e and Politics 30(2), 216-219. ht1,ps://do1.org/10.2307/420499
Armstrong, J. S. (1998). Are student ratings of instruction useful? American Psychologist,
53(11) 1223-1.224. ttp://dx.doi.org/ 0.1037/0003-066X.53.11.1223
Attiyeh, R., & Lumsden, K. G. (1972). Some modem myths in teaching econornjcs: The U.K.
experience. American Economic Review, 62(1), 429-443.
https:l/www.jstor.org/slable/1821578
Bachen, C. M., Mcloughlin, M. M., & Garcia, S. S. (1999). Assessing the role of gender in
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References
Ambady, N., & Rosenthal, R. 1993). Half a minute:Predicting each.er evaluations from thJn
slices of nonverbal behavior and physical attractiveness. Joumal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 64(3), 431
1. http://dX.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.3.431
American Association of University Professors. (n.d.) Ba ground facts on contingent faculty
American Association of Universi
Professors. (2018, October 11 ). Data snapshot: Cont ngent
faculty in US higher ed AAUP Updates. _h-tp.a,._J= ==d=laa...;-s""-na=p._s"""ho"'"'""t1
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ARTI CL E
COVID-19 and misinformation: Is censorship of social media a remedy
to the spread of medical misinformation?
Niemiec, Emilia
EMBO reports, 2020-11-05, Vol.21 (11). p.e51420-e51420
" Social media companies have resorted to censorship to suppress misinformation about the
COV/0-19 pandemic..."
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PE RMA L I N K
MLA (7th edition)
APA (7th edition)
MLA (8th edition)
Harvard
Chicago (17th edition)
Niemiec, E. (2020). COVID-19 And Misinformation: Is
Censorship Of Social Media A Remedy To The Spread
Of Medical Misinformation? EMBO Reports, 21(11),
E51420-E51420.
Https://Doi.Org/10.15252/Embr.202051420
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ARTICLE
Ebola, Twitter, and misinformation: a dangerous combination?
Oyeyemi, Sunday Oluwafemi; Gabarron, Elia; Wynn, Rolf
BMJ : British Medical Journal, 2014-10-14, Vol.349 (octl4 S), p.g6178-g6178
ii
PEER REVIEWED
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PERMALINK
CITATIONS
MLA (7th edition)
Oyeyemi, S. 0., Gabarron, E., & Wynn, R. (2014). Ebola,
APA (7th edition)
MLA (8th edition)
Harvard
Chicago (17th edition)
Twitter, And Misinformation: A Dangerous
Combination? B M J : British Medical Journal,
3 4 9 ( 0 c t l 4 5), G6178-G6178.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1136/Bmj.G6178
a
COPY CITATIONTO CLIPBOARD
R e m e m ber To C h e c k Citations For Accuracy Before
Including T h e m In Your Work
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