Unit 4 Metabolic Reactions Vocabulary Definition Sentence the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body The bloodstream serves to distribute oxygen to all the cells of the body Part of Speech noun Synonyms Prisons, room, lockup cells Picture Definition Sentence a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit If you get a cut you are damaging your skin tissue, but it will heal itself over time. Part of Speech noun Synonyms Knot, tangle, flesh tissues Picture Definition a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular function. Part of Speech noun Synonyms Part of a body, body part Sentence ● organ The eyes are an important organ of balance. Picture Definition Sentence a group of organs that work together to perform a certain function in an organism's body. Organ systems redirect to Biological system, Part of Speech noun Organ system Synonyms Group, creature, protection Picture Definition Sentence process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules the chemical reaction that helps a person to turn the sugar in food into energy. Part of Speech noun Cellular respiration Synonyms Metabolism, metabolic process Picture Definition Sentence the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water through 1 °C, equal to one thousand small calories and often used to measure the energy value of foods. Keep a count of your calorie intake for one week Part of Speech noun calorie Synonyms Energid, small calorie, large calorie Picture Definition Sentence naturally occurring, extremely complex substance that consists of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds These foods have all of the essential proteins. Part of Speech noun Synonyms Cheese, beans, protein Picture Definition Sentence a molecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 and thus with the empirical formula Cₘₙ. diabetics should be complex carbohydrates Part of Speech noun Synonyms Lactose, sugar, glucose carbohydrate Picture Definition Sentence a natural oily or greasy substance occurring in animal bodies, especially when deposited as a layer under the skin or around certain organs. People should decrease the amount of fat they eat. Part of Speech noun Synonyms Overweight, large, chubby fat Picture Definition Sentence a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence. She bent down and picked up a mineral Part of Speech noun Synonyms Alloy, hardware, ore minerals Picture Definition Sentence a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life. Adjective a breakfast drink enriched with nutrient proteins and vitamins Noun Fruits and vegetables have important nutrients Part of Speech noun Synonyms Fiber, food, supplements nutrients Picture Definition Sentence any of a group of organic compounds which are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body. Vitamins and Minerals are essential to all living things Part of Speech noun Synonyms Health, fiber, mineral vitamins Picture Definition Sentence important class of macromolecules found in all cells and viruses. .. Cytosine and guanine are two of the four molecules, called nucleic acids, that make up DNA. Part of Speech noun Synonyms DNA, gene, RNA Nucleic acid Picture Definition Sentence any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids. . Because of their compatibility with the skins Part of Speech noun Synonyms Oil, fat natural lipids the liposomes are able to penetrate deeper into the skin. lipids Picture Definition Sentence the process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body. Part of Speech noun Synonyms Ingestion, absorption ● To read without reflecting is like eating without digestion. Digestion Picture Definition Sentence purely physical process that does not change the chemical nature of the food. order for nutrients to be absorbed, food must undergo chemical and mechanical digestion Part of Speech noun Synonyms Mechanical digestion assimilation ,incorporation ,absorption ,ingestion digestion. Picture Definition Sentence secretions of enzymes throughout your digestive tract. breaks down large, nonabsorbable food molecules into smaller, absorbable molecules Part of Speech noun Synonyms ● ● ● ● ingestion. absorption. incorporation. assimilation. Chemical digestion Picture Definition Sentence a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms An enzyme in the saliva of the mouth starts the process of breaking down the food. Part of Speech noun Synonyms ● ● ● ● ● ● ● SOD. proteolytic enzyme. histaminase. lysozyme. muramidase. catalyst. streptokinase enzyme Picture Definition Sentence breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. Foods are broken down in the digestive tract. .. Part of Speech noun Synonyms Digestive system digestion, gastrointestinal, gut, gi, tract, alimentary, digest, liqueur. Picture Definition Sentence the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward. Part of Speech Noun Synonyms The food is moved along the small intestine by rhythmic movement of muscles called peristalsis . Peristalsis contractility, lipolysis, motility, vasodilation, respiration, vermiculation, anastalsis, vasoconstriction and distension. Picture Definition Sentence the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach. The cause was cancer of the esophagus, Part of Speech noun Synonyms esophagus gorge, gullet, oesophagus. type of: passage, passageway. Picture Definition Sentence the pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food. Part of Speech noun Synonyms it has been formed into a thick liquid called chyme chyme Picture Definition Sentence any of the fingerlike or thread like projections from the surface of certain membranous structures, typically serving to increase surface area and facilitate the passage of fluid or nutrients. Part of Speech noun Synonyms digestive tract. small intestines. duodena. ikea. jejuna. The surface of the chorion is covered evenly with minute villi , villi Picture Definition the opening in the lower part of the human face, surrounded by the lips, through which food is taken in and from which speech and other sounds are emitted. Part of Speech noun Synonyms Lips, jaw, mush, gateway Sentence Carmen's mouth went dry with fear. mouth Picture Definition the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs, being (in humans and many mammals) a pear-shaped enlargement of the alimentary canal linking the esophagus to the small intestine. Part of Speech noun Synonyms Belly, gut, middle Sentence My stomach is full stomach Picture Definition A long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine. Part of Speech noun Synonyms Ileum, small blow Sentence The small intestine is of great length (80 to 90 ft.) Small intestine Picture Definition Sentence tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other. Part of Speech noun Synonyms Guts, insides He had emergency surgery that removed most of his large intestine. Large intestine Picture Definition a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, Part of Speech noun Synonyms Sentence Bacteria were collected by centrifugation and washed with water.including some that can cause disease. bacteria microorganisms, microbes, germs, bacilli, pathogens. aerobes, anaerobes. informal bugs. attacca. Picture Definition 1. the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes. Part of Speech noun Synonyms Sentence Consuming foods that contain probiotics is just one way of encouraging your body's homeostasis homeostasis equilibrium, balance, evenness, stability, equanimity, equipoise. Picture Definition a graphic representation of predatory relationships in the food chain, in which various forms of life are shown on different levels, with each level preying on the one below it. Part of Speech noun Synonyms ● ● ● ● Sentence Balanced nutrition requires nutrients from across the spectrum of categories found on the food pyramid . .. Food pyramid diet pyramid. food chain hierarchy. food guide pyramid. recommended daily vitamins and minerals. Picture Definition a diet that contains differing kinds of foods in certain quantities and proportions Part of Speech noun Synonyms ● ● ● well-balanced. stable. harmonious. Sentence We know that a healthy and balanced diet has an important part to play Balanced diet Picture Definition the system of an organism's body that performs the function of excretion, Part of Speech Noun Synonyms ● ● ● ● aperient. cathartic. eliminatory. evacuant. Sentence Many toxins have been eliminated from your body while your excretory system has been revitalized. Excretory System Picture Definition two reddish-brown bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates Part of Speech noun Synonyms nephrology, nephrotomy, nephritis, Sentence As with other organs, few studies have looked at consumption of oxygen by the kidneys during bypass. kidney Picture Definition minute or microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Part of Speech noun Synonyms uriniferous tubule, glomerulus, parenchyma, Sentence The kidney contains millions of small filters called nephrons nephron Picture Definition a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals Part of Speech noun Synonyms ● ● ● droppings. dung. feces. Sentence Urine was passed per urethram, and also escaped by both wounds. urine Picture Definition 1. the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder or cloaca. Part of Speech noun Synonyms Sentence The ureter drains urine from the kidney into the bladder. ureter urinary tract, genitourinary apparatus, urogenital apparatus, Picture Definition a hollow organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine Part of Speech Noun Synonyms blister, bag, inflate, Sentence His gall bladder and half of his liver were removed. bladder Picture Definition the tube that allows urine to pass out of the body. Part of Speech noun Synonyms urinary system, phallus, Systema Sentence The orifice of the urethra is about an inch below the glans clitoridis and is slightly puckered. urethra Picture Definition your body's central framework Part of Speech noun Synonyms ● ● ● systema skeletale. skeleton. frame. Sentence The skeletal system of the body is made up of different types of the strong, fibrous tissue known as connective tissue. Skeletal System Picture Definition composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers Part of Speech noun Synonyms ● athletic. ● brawny. ● burly. Sentence Most animals make heavy use of the muscular system and the digestive system to move about and to assimilate food Muscular System Picture Definition the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. Sentence The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment. Respiratory System Part of Speech noun Synonyms systema respiratorium, trachea, windpipe Picture Definition carry blood away from and towards the heart. Part of Speech noun Synonyms cardiovascular... circulator... Sentence The heart, lungs, and blood vessels make up the circulatory system of the human body. ... His circulatory system began to malfunction, Circulatory System Picture Definition Sentence The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life Part of Speech noun Synonyms The metabolism is a harmonizer Metabolism is largely to. Metabolism bladder, appendix, bile, abdominal, belly Picture
