Energoelektronika: Półprzewodniki i obwody - Podręcznik

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٢٠٦  ٢٠٦    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ?‫א‬?? ‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬        ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬EF‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،UPS ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • • • • • •   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣ K‫א‬‫ א‬K٤ K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥ K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    K٩W‫א‬‫א‬    KW‫א‬‫א‬    K١ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬   -١-  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ Semiconductors Used in Power Electronic Circuits ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩٤٨  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬١٩٥٨‫א‬‫א‬K١٩٥٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Power Electronic Circuits ‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،١ J١،?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬E‫א‬ • Diode rectifiers (uncontrolled rectifiers) • ac-dc converters (controlled rectifiers) • ac-ac converters (ac voltage controllers) • dc-dc converters (dc choppers) • dc-ac converters (inverters) -٢-  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •  ‫א‬‫א‬ •  ‫א‬‫א‬ •  ‫א‬‫א‬ •  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬١ J١    (uncontrolled rectifier)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬١ J١ J١ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ J١‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ Fixed ac voltage ‫א‬ Uncontrolled rectifier  Fixed dc voltage ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ (Controlled rectifier)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬٢ J١ J١ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،٣ J١  ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ Fixed ac voltage ‫א‬ Controlled rectifier  Variable dc voltage ‫א‬  ٣ J١   -٣-  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ (ac voltage controller)‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J١ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،٤ J١‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Fixed ac voltage Variable ac voltage AC Ac voltage controller ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١   (dc chopper)‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١ J١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬٥ J١،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ K‫א‬   Fixed dc voltage ‫א‬ DC Dc chopper ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬٥ J١ -٤- Variable dc voltage ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ (Inverter)‫א‬٥ J ١ J ١ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K٦ J١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ KUPS   Fixed dc voltage ‫א‬ Inverter ‫א‬ Variable ac voltage ‫א‬  ‫א‬٦ J١   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬K  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥-  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ Power Electronic Elements ‫א‬٢ J١   ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤٠٠٠‫א‬    Power diode ‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ P-N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K(Freewheeling)‫א‬ PN ‫א‬(Anode)‫א‬،٧ J١‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  (A)‫א‬،٧ J١‫א‬،(Cathode) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٧ J١F(K)‫א‬EF E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Forward bias) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،(K) ‫א‬EF (A)‫א‬‫א‬K١{٢‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K(Reverse bias)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(leakage current)‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EVBRF‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J١ -٦-  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ EF EF EF  EF  ‫א‬‫א‬٧ J١ ،‫א‬(pracical)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J١ ‫א‬‫א‬–(Ideal) hW  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨ J١‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K(VAK)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(IA)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W  General purpose diode ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١  Fast recovery diode ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ Schottky diode ‫א‬ J٣ -٧-  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J١    General purpose diode ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J١ ١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،٢٥‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K   ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J١K٣٠٠  K‫א‬‫א‬ -٨-  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  EPowerexF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J١    Fast recovery diode ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J١ ،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬P-N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (hole) EF‫א‬‫א‬–(recombination)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   KPN  ‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬PN‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K٥  ‫א‬‫א‬  KEF‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬١٠ J١       -٩-  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  EPowerexF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠ J١   Schottky diode ‫א‬٣ J٣ J١ P-N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،P-N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ P-N‫א‬ (voltage blocking)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،٣٠٠  ،٢٠٠  ‫א‬١١ J١K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣٠           - ١٠ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  EF٣٠‫א‬١١ J١ Thyristor  ‫א‬٤ J١ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ Silicon ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(SCR)Controlled Rectifier K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   Thyristor construction and operation ‫א‬١ J٤ J١ pnpn‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ K١٢ J١،J1,J2, J3(Junctions)   ‫א‬‫א‬(p)‫א‬‫א‬K(G)‫א‬‫א‬(K)‫א‬(A)‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J١     - ١١ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬      EF     EF  ‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J١   ‫א‬J1,J3‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ (Reverse bias) ‫א‬J2‫א‬،(Forward bias) ‫א‬K(Leakage current)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١٣ J١،(Forward blocking)‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬ ‫א‬J2‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K   ‫א‬J1,J3‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Reverse blocking)  K‫א‬١٣ J١ ‫א‬VAK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (Forward ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  K١٣ J١Kconducting) - ١٢ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   EF  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    EF  ‫א‬    EF  ‫א‬١٣ J١   Thyristor characteristics ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤ J١  (IA) ‫א‬‫א‬(VAK) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬١٤ J١K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E ‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KIBo‫א‬  VBo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،pnpn ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K١‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،EVBo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KIg‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KIH (holding current)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬VBR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ١٣ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٤ J١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬١٤ J١   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬VBo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،E ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ - ١٤ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K(Latching current) IL  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KIH‫א‬‫א‬    Thyristor firing ‫א‬٣ J٤ J١ ‫א‬IL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J   ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،Heat sink‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K١٥ J١  Heat sinks‫א‬‫א‬١٥ J١   - ١٥ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J2‫א‬W‫א‬ J  ‫א‬ J2‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K(Light activated silicon controlled rectifier LASCR)K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬VBo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Leakage current)  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬W(dv/dt)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٠٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(dv/dt)‫א‬‫א‬  K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬P2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬J2‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬  Methods of thyristor turn-off E‫א‬F‫א‬٤ J٤ J١ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬IH‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ١٦ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EF   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬E١٦ J١F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٦ J١F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬dv/dt‫א‬  ‫א‬١٦ J١   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ S‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٦ J١‫א‬K‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K(Line commutated)‫א‬   Thyristor protection‫א‬٥ J٤ J١ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ - ١٧ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEKKK‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،dv/dt‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬K   RC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧ J١K‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R1‫א‬ dv/dt ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬R2‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬dv/dt‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ K١٧ J١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬dv/dt‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧ J١ - ١٨ -    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ EFdi/dt‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١٨ J١،‫א‬‫א‬  di/dt‫א‬١٨ J١   Thyristor types ‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٤ J١ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬ TRIAC‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   - ١٩ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 1. Phase controlled thyristor(SCR)  ‫א‬‫ א‬K١ 2. Fast switching thyristor (SCR)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢ 3. Gate-turn-off thyristor (GTO)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣ 4. Bidirectional triode thyristor (TRIAC) 5. Light activated silicon-controlled rectifier (LASCR)  ‫א‬‫ א‬K٤  ‫א‬‫ א‬K٥   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬(SCR)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠ J١K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩ J١، K  ‫א‬‫א‬١٩ J١       - ٢٠ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  EPowerexF٢٠ J١   ‫א‬(Data sheet)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬  K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ - ٢١ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  Power Transistor‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ J١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  (Bipolar Junction Transistor) BJT ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢ (Metal–oxide-semiconductor filed effect transistor) MOSFET ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣ (Insulated Gate Bipolar Junction Transistor) IGBT  BJT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٥ J١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬P ‫א‬‫א‬(emitter) ‫א‬(collector)‫א‬ (base)‫א‬ J‫א‬ ،E٢١ J١ F(PNP)  ‫א‬(NPN) ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬،(saturation) ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬BJT‫א‬‫א‬ ،IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٢٢ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ١٠‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١ J١K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١ J١ - ٢٣ -    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    MOSFETEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥ J١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (gate)  ‫א‬(D)(drain)(S)(source)،‫א‬ E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(G) ‫א‬N-channel‫א‬‫א‬،  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬KP-channel‫א‬ ،‫א‬(majority carrier)‫א‬(Transconductance) ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E   ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٢ J١KE١٠٠١F‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٠  KN-channel‫א‬KMOSFET‫א‬‫א‬  ‫اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ‬ - ٢٤ - ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ N-channelMOSFET‫א‬‫א‬٢٢ J١  IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥ J١ ‫א‬BJT‫א‬ ‫א‬IGBT‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KMOSFET ‫א‬BJTE‫א‬‫א‬FKBJT ١٠٠٠ ١٦٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤٠MOSFET  J١K(gate)  ‫א‬(emitter)(collector)،‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KIGBT‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  IGBT‫א‬‫א‬٢٣ J١ - ٢٥ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢ K‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧ ‫א؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٩ ‫؟‬  J١٠ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١١ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٣ K‫א‬،IGBT  IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٤   - ٢٦ - ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥    K٦W‫א‬‫א‬    KW‫א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬   - ٢٧ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬،E  ‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬W‫א‬  J١  K،W‫א‬  J٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١ Single-phase rectifier circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ ،‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬K(Bridge rectifier)‫א‬(Centre-tap rectifier)‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ The single-phase half-wave rectifier ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٢ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(dc component) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K   - ٢٨ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬     KEF    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ - ٢٩ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ vs = Vm sin ωt 2-1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3π2π،π0‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ v V sin ωt i = s = m L R R 2-2 ‫א‬‫א‬vs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K١ J٢ (V L) ‫א‬‫א‬E4π3π،2ππ‫א‬F vs ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬١ J٢KE١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(VAK)‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ v AK =v −v s L 2-3 ‫א‬‫א‬،vAK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K(Peak Inverse Voltage)PIV ‫א‬Kacdc‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬EVo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Fdc   2-4 Vo = = 0.318 Vm 2-5 - ٣٠ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬Io ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-6 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Pdc) ‫א‬‫א‬ = Io2 R = 2-7 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ = 0.5Vm 2-8 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-9 (Pac)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ = 2-10 R= Vdc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(ripple)Vac W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ - ٣١ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ =0.386 Vm = 2-11  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ (η)‫א‬‫א‬ = = 0.405 = 40.5% 2-12 E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،FF‫א‬ W‫א‬ = = = 1.57% = 157% 2-13 ‫א‬‫א‬(Ripple factor (RF))‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬ = 1.21 =121% 2-14 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Transformer utilization factor)‫א‬‫א‬   TUF‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ = = 0.286 =28.6% 2-15  W Vs = Is= Irms =  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Is،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vs - ٣٢ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ١ J٢ ٢٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١ J٢‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬١٠‫א‬٥(N1/N2)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ K٢ K٣ K٤  ‫א‬ VP=220 N1/N2=5 R=10Ω V p Vs = N N 1 2 V N p 2 220 *1 Vs = = = 44 V N 5 1 Vm = 2Vs = 2 * 44 = 62.23 V V 62.23 Vrms = m = = 31.12 V 2 2 V 31.12 I rms = rms = = 3.112 A 10 R PIV= Vm=62.23 V - ٣٣ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1/TUF=1/0.286=3.496  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{٤٩٦   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٢ Single-phase full-wave center-tap rectifier K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،Vs‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬D2 D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،2Vs‫א‬‫א‬D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬D1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D2‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٣٤ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬٢ J٢ - ٣٥ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬Vdc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-16 = 0.6366 Vm 2-17 W‫א‬‫א‬Io ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-18 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 0.707 Vm 2-19 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-20 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧ J٢‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬PIV‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬٢٠ J٢١٦ J٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ - ٣٦ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٢ Single-phase full-wave bridge rectifier ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ 0‫א‬F Vs‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D1‫א‬‫א‬Eπ KVsD3,D4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ D3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D3‫א‬‫א‬E2ππ‫א‬F Vs‫א‬ K‫א‬D4‫א‬‫א‬π٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬iL‫א‬KVsD1,D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ - ٣٧ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ٣ J٢ - ٣٨ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ٢ J٢   ‫א‬١٠‫א‬٤٤‫א‬‫א‬،٣ J٢‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬ Vs=44 V = I rms = R=10Ω Vm = 2Vs = 2 * 44 = 62.23 V ‫א‬ = 44 V = = = 4.4 A Pac = Vrms I rms = 44 * 4.4 = 193.6 W RF = FF 2 − 1 = 1.112 − 1 = 0.48 or 48% PIV= Vm=62.23 V  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬   - ٣٩ -    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(ripple)   ‫א‬(filters)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬K(dc filter)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ K٤ J٢LC CL ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬(ac filter)  KLC٥ J٢K‫א‬‫א‬       dc filters ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢   ac filters ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eb٤ J٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٢K ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K Cf2 > Cf1‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ - ٤٠ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E  F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  KVdc     ‫א‬٦ J٢ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-21 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬f  K‫א‬‫א‬ KCf‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-22 - ٤١ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،E١٧ J٢‫א‬F0.6366Vm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬١٥ ‫א‬W J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٢ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٢‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٢ - ٤٢ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ a‫א‬ 5π/6π/6 ‫א‬‫א‬Da‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬b‫א‬Db‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬c‫א‬Dc‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(2π/3)١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ 2-23  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-24 ‫א‬‫א‬،Po = Vo Io‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ = 0.8412 Vm 2-25   2-26 Pac = Vrms Irms‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vac = η= FF = = 96.8 % =1.017 RF = =18.5% TUF = 0.6643 = 66.43% - ٤٣ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٨ J٢K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،D1D2, D2D3, D3D4, D4D5, D5D6 and D6D1 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-27 = 1.654 Vm  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-28 ‫א‬‫א‬،Po = Vo Io‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ = 1.655 Vm 2-29   2-30 Pac = Vrms Irms‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vac = η= FF = RF = = 99.83 % =1.0008 = 100.08% =4% TUF = 0.9542 = 66.43% - ٤٤ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٢    ٤ J٢ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E ‫א‬‫א‬FUPS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ - ٤٥ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٢ Vs‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬ .β‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬ Wβ ‫א‬٩ J٢ - ٤٦ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 2-31 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-32 ‫א‬β‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬Vs‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ 2-33   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-34   ‫א‬‫א‬٣٤ J٢‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬iL‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬   2-35  ٣ J٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬١٠٠١٢‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٢ –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JW  ‫א‬‫א‬،١W٢‫א‬١٢٠‫א‬٥ –‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬‫–א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ E=12 V Vp=120 V Io=5 A N1:N2=2:1 Vs=Vp/2=120/2=60V Vm= Vs= - ٤٧ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ E 12 = sin − 1 = 0.1419 rad or 8.13o V 84.85 m β = π − α = 180 − 8.13 = 171 .87 o  W‫א‬‫א‬δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ δ=β-α=171.87o-8.13o=163.74o W‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥ J٢F‫א‬Io‫א‬ α = sin − 1 W٥‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2 1 β ⎛⎜ Vm sin ωt − E ⎞⎟ = I d (ωt ) ∫ rms ⎟ 2π α ⎜ R ⎝ ⎠ ⎡⎛ V 2 ⎤ ⎞ V2 ⎟ ⎜ ⎢ m ⎥ = + E 2 ⎟(π − 2α ) + m sin 2α − 4V E cosα ⎥ ⎜ ⎢ m 2 2πR 2 ⎢⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎥⎦ ⎠ ⎣⎝ = 8.2 A 1 I rms  W‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ PR=Irms2R=8.22 4.26=286.4 W W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Po=EIo=12 5= 60W hPo=100 W‫א‬ or h=100/Po=100/60= 1.667h W‫א‬‫א‬η‫א‬‫א‬ - ٤٨ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ PIV=Vm+E = 84.85+12=96.85 V ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٪١٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٤٩ -  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١ K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢ –‫א‬ J‫א‬–‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٨ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩ K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١١ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،Vo, iL, Vs, VAK   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   - ٥٠ -    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٦  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬،٢ J٢‫א‬‫א‬  J١٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،١٢‫א‬١W٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٣٨٠‫א‬‫א‬،٧ J٢‫א‬‫א‬  J١٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،١٠‫א‬١W١٠  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ - ٥١ - ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨    K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    K٩W‫א‬‫א‬   KEFW‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ - ٥٢ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Controlled Rectifiers ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ W‫א‬ ”Half Wave Converter“  ”Semi-converter“ ”Full Wave Converter“  ”Dual Converter“‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١-٣ Single Phase Half Wave Converter (controlled rectifier) ‫ﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﻤﺤﻜﻭﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺤﻤل ﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬ ١-١-٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K١ J٣‫א‬EF ”A“ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬”K“ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”α“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫” ﻓﺈن א‬ωt=π“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٥٣ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬”K“‫א‬”A“‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ٢ J٣ ‫א‬١ J٣ VQ1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ - ٥٤ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬”Vo“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :‫” آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬0-2π“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ π Vm 1 (1 + cos α ) sin( ω ) ( ω ) = Vo = V t d t m 2π α∫ 2π 3-1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(3-1)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬K”α“‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Io = Vo V = m (1 + cos α ) 3-2 R 2πR W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ π Vrms   Vrms = Vm α sin(2α ) 1− + 2 π 2π 1 = (Vm sin ωt ) 2 dωt ∫ 2π α   3-3  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I rms = Vrms Vm α sin(2α ) = 1− + R 2R π 2π 3-4 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٥٥ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١-٣  ١٠‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬،٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬ J KPIV‫א‬ J ‫א‬ ٢ J٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬ J Vm = 208 2 = 294.156 V Vo = m (1 + cosα ) = 46.816(1 + cos 45) = 79.92 2π V I o = o = 7.992 R V A 6A‫א‬‫א‬ J V o = I o R = 6 × 10 = 60 α= 73.64o V V  α‫א‬‫א‬Vo(3-1) ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K Vm (1 + cosα ) = 46.816(1 + cos 0) = 93.63 2π V = o max = 9.36 R Vo max = V I o max A. PIV = Vm = 294.156 V - ٥٦ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٢ J١ J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣ J٣K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤ J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬"β" ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬"D" ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ βπ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬π ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٣ J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬”Vo“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :‫آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬”0-2π“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٥٧ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ V 1 β Vo = Vm sin(ωt )d (ωt ) = m (cosα − cos β ) ∫ 2π α 2π 3-5 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬“β” K(3-1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Io =  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vo R 3-6 VQ1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣     - ٥٨ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ iQ1 iD Vo VQ1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ - ٥٩ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬٢ J٣ Single-Phase Semi-Converter (Single –Phase Full wave Semi-Controlled Rectifier)  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬(D1, D2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Q1,Q2)‫א‬،٥ J٣ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”D“‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ”α“‫א‬ ”Q1“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬”D1“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”D“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬”π+α>ωt>π“‫א‬K”ωt=π“ ‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ”Q1“‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ”π+α“‫א‬”Q2“‫א‬”2π>ωt>π+α“‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬”D2“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ”Q2“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬”ωt=2π“ ”Q1“‫א‬‫א‬”2π+α>ωt>2π“‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K K٦ J٣   ‫א‬٥ J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬”Vo“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W”0-π“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٦٠ - Vo = 1 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ π V π α∫ m sin(ωt )d (ωt ) = Vm π (1 + cos α ) 3-7   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٣F Io = Vo Vm (1 + cos α ) = R πR  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3-8 - ٦١ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،”α“‫א‬‫א‬ One “‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ K”quadrant ٢ J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ١٥‫א‬ W‫א‬٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬ K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬ J Vm = 208 2 = 294.156 Vo = Io = Vm π V (1 + cosα ) = 93 ⋅ 633(1 + cos 60) = 140.4495 Vo = 9.3633 R V A Va=K150 V‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J α= 52.987o K‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vo max = Vm π (1 + cosα ) = 93.633(1 + cos 0) = 187.266 V         - ٦٢ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ٣ J٣ Single- Phase Full -Wave Converter (Single-Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٣K(Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) ،‫א‬”Q2“،”Q1“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬ J‫א‬ J”α“‫א‬ ”Q1, Q2“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”Q1, Q2“‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬πωt ”π+α“‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J “Q4” ‫א‬ “Q3” ‫א‬ ‫א‬”Q1“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K”2π+α“‫א‬ ”Q2“ K٨ J٣‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٧ J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬”Vo“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE٩ J٣F،”α-(π+α)“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،E١٠ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،”α“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٩٠‫א‬ - ٦٣ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K”Two quadrant“‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٣ 2V 1 π +α Vo = ∫ Vm sin(ωt )d (ωt ) = m cosα π α 3-9 π - ٦٤ - Io = ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Vo Vm (1 + cos α ) = R πR 3-10 W٣ J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬١٢ W‫א‬،٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬ K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J KPs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ J Vm = 208 2 = 294.156 Vo = 2Vm π V (cosα ) = 187.266(cos 60) = 93.633 V Vo = 7.8 A. R ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Io = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬F‫א‬ Ps= PL =VoIo=730.594 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬- watt ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬120o‫א‬‫א‬Vo = 2Vm π  K(3-9) ‫א‬ (cosα ) = 187.266(cos120) = −93.633 V   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٦٥ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Ps= VoIo= -730.594 watt ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤ J٣ ،٩ J٣‫א‬‫א‬ Single -Phase Dual Converter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2V Va1 = m (cosα a 1 ) 3-11 π ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ Va 2 = 2Vm π W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “Q1’, Q2’, Q3’, Q4’” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (cosα ) 3-12 a2   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ J٣ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Three- Phase Half- Wave Converter  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ - ٦٦ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬”Q1,Q2,Q3“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠ J٣‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬Q1‫א‬١١ J٣‫א‬ Q2‫א‬،‫א‬،( Q3 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،( K‫א‬،(  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬Van‫א‬(ωt=π/6 + α)‫א‬ Q1(ωt=5π/6 + α)Q2‫א‬ Q3‫א‬‫א‬Vbn‫א‬ ‫א‬Vcn‫א‬Q2(ωt=3π/2 + α) K١١ J٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬١٠ J٣  W‫א‬ Van = Vm sin(ωt) Vbn = Vm sin(ωt-2π/3) Vcn = Vm sin(ωt+2π/3)       - ٦٧ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ /6 2 3 /2 + 3 /2 5 /6 + 5 /6 /6 + /6   ‫א‬‫אא‬‫א‬١١ J٣ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (π/6 + α)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vo = 3 2π α+ KE١٣ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(5π/6 + α) 5π 6 ∫πV α+ m sin(ωt ) d (ωt ) = 3 3Vm cosα 2π 3-13 6   - ٦٨ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W٤ J٣ ١٠‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬،٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬ ،٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬ K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬ K٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Vm = 208 2 = 169.83 3 V Vo = 3 3Vm (cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(cos 30) = 121.633 2π V Io = Vo = 12.166 R A. K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬- Vo = 3 3Vm (cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(cos 60) = 70.2245 2π V K١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vo = 3 3Vm (cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(cos120) = −70.2245 2π V K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vo = 3 3Vm (cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(cos 0) = 140.449 2π - ٦٩ - V ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٦ J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Three- Phase Semi-converter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J٣‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،”One quadrant“  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE١٤ J٣F J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬ Vo = 3 3Vm (1 + cosα ) 2π 3-14   ‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J٣ W ٥ J٣ ١٠‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬،٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K١٣٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J - ٧٠ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Vm = 208 2 = 169.83 3 V Vo = 3 3Vm (1 + cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + cos 45) = 239.76 2π V Io = Vo = 23.976 R A K٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬- Vo = 3 3Vm (1 + cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + cos 75) = 176.8 2π V K135‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vo = 3 3Vm (1 + cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + cos135) = 41.136 2π V K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vo = 3 3Vm (1 + cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + cos 0) = 280.898 2π V  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦- Vo = I o R = 6(10) = 60 V Va=K60 V‫א‬ ‫א‬ α= 125o  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٧ J٣ E١٣ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Three- Phase Full- Converter ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE٩ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،”Two quadrant“ Vo = 3 3Vm π cosα 3-15 - ٧١ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٣F :٦ J٣  ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬١٠ W‫א‬K٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬ K٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J KPs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬135‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬ Vm = Vo = Io = 208 2 = 169.83 3 3 3Vm π K٤٠‫א‬‫א‬ J V (cos α ) = 280.898(cos 40) = 198.625 Vo = 19.86 R Ps= PL =VoIo= 3945.19 K‫א‬ V A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬- watt - ٧٢ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬135o‫א‬‫א‬ J K(3-15)‫א‬ Vo = 3 3Vm π (cosα ) = 280.898(cos135) = −198.625 V ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ps= VoIo= -3945.19 watt ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨ J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬ Three- Phase Dual -Converter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٤ J٣ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤ J٣   ٩ J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٣FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ - ٧٣ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮم‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥ J٣   W٧ J٣ ‫א‬،٢,٥‫א‬ ‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬K٦٠٢٢٠  W‫א‬‫א‬KL١٥٠٠‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬KL٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K,٢ - ٧٤ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٤٢‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ Va = Ea + I a Ra Ea = K ω T = K Ia P T= ω Va = 2Vm π 2πn 60  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ω= cosα Vm = 220 2 = 311.13 volt  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ω= T= 2πn 2π × 1500 = = 157.1 rad / sec 60 60 P ω K = = 2.5 × 746 = 11.87 157.1 N .m T 11.87 = = 1.187 10 Ia E a = K ω = 1.187 × 157.1 = 186.6 volt Va = Ea + I a Ra = 186.6 + 10 × 0.2 = 188.6 volt cos α = Va π 188.6 × π = = 0.9522 2Vm 2 × 311.13 α = 17.8 o  WL٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ J E a1 = K ω1 = 1.187 × 2π × 500 = 62.15 volt 60 Va1 = E a1 + I a Ra = 62.15 + 10 × 0.2 = 64.15 volt V π 64.15 × π cos α 1 = a1 = = 0.3238 2Vm 2 × 311.13 α 1 = 71.1o - ٧٥ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢ ‫؟‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣ K‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9K٧  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨ K‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩ ٢٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K١٠ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬ J  ‫א‬ J - ٧٦ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K١١ ‫א‬‫א‬١٥‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬  K٣٠ ‫א‬،٣‫א‬K١٢ ‫א‬١٢‫א‬‫א‬K ٦٠ ٢٢٠  W‫א‬‫א‬KL١٥٠٠‫א‬  KL٨٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬ J K,٢‫א‬‫א‬ - ٧٧ - ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    K٥W‫א‬‫א‬   KEFW‫א‬‫א‬    ١ J‫א‬‫א‬ J١W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ - ٧٨ - ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ DC Choppers ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬ ،KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٤ ‫א‬١ J٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Theory of Operation Ton‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬() ‫א‬Toff ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،٢ J٤‫א‬‫א‬، W‫א‬‫א‬ Vo = T 1T Vs dt = on Vs = kVs ∫ T T 0 on 4-1 W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ s on off ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ - ٧٩ - o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Io = Vo V =k s R R 4-2   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1 2 T ⎡1 ⎤ 2 Vrms = ⎢ ∫ Vs dt ⎥ = on Vs = kVs T ⎣T 0 ⎦ Ton 4-3 “Ps”‫א‬‫א‬ “Po” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،(on)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ 1 Ps = Po = T Ton 1 ∫0 vsio dt = T Ton 2 2 2 Vs Ton Vs vs ∫0 R dt = T R = k R 4-4 K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ S Vs ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ J٤   Io Vo R   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬ 2500 500 Hz‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EHz - ٨٠ - ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ MOSFETIGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،KKKKKKGTO ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٤FE١ J٤F :‫א‬‫א‬ T 1T 1T Vo = ∫ vo dt = ∫ (Vs − Vd )dt = on (Vs − Vd ) = k (Vs − Vd ) T T 0 T 0 on on 4-5 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vd W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1 2 T ⎤ ⎡1 Vrms = ⎢ ∫ (Vs − Vd ) 2 dt ⎥ = on (Vs − Vd ) = k (Vs − Vd ) T ⎦ ⎣T 0 Ton 4-6 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ps = T V (V − Vd ) V (V − Vd ) 1T 1 T Vs (Vs − Vd ) v i dt dt = on s s = =k s s s o ∫ ∫ T 0 T 0 R T R R on on 4-7 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ton (Vs − Vd ) 2 (Vs − Vd ) 2 1T 1 T (Vs − Vd ) 2 Po = ∫ vo io dt = ∫ dt = =k T 0 T 0 R T R R on on 4-8 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬(Ton)‫א‬،(PWM)‫א‬- ٣ J٤‫א‬،(T)  (Ton) ‫א‬‫א‬(T) ‫א‬،(FM)‫א‬ J  K٤ J٤‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٨١ -  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،(SCR)‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬GTO‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ،(BJT)‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   - ٨٢ - ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤ ‫א‬،(MOSFET)‫א‬W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬(MOSFET)‫א‬ J K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J - ٨٣ - ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ Vi Vs t Vo Va Vs t Ton Toff Ton T Toff T Vo Va Vs t Ton Toff Ton T Toff T Vo Va Vs Ton   Ton Toff T ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٤ - ٨٤ - t ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ J٤ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Step Down DC Choppers ‫א‬  ٥ J٤K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٤، K‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(On)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Off)‫א‬‫א‬،(Q)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Q)D‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٤ - ٨٥ - ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٤ - ٨٦ - ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W١ J٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K٪٦٠‫א‬‫א‬٣٠٠‫א‬١٥  :‫א‬K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ R=15 Ω, 1 T= = f ‫א‬ Vs= 300, k=0.6, f=1 kHz, 0.001 sec. Ton = kT = 0.6(0.001) =0.0006 sec.= 0.6 ms Toff = (1 − k )T = 0.4(0.001) =0.0004sec. = 0.4 ms Vo = k (Vs − Vd ) = 0.6(300-2) = 178.8 V rms = k (V s − V d ) Po = k Ps = k P η= o Ps (Vs − Vd ) R 2 Vs (Vs − Vd ) R ‫א‬‫א‬ E ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬E volt = 230.83volt = 3552.16watt ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E = 3576 watt ‫א‬E = 99.33%   - ٨٧ - ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣ J٤ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Step- Up DC Choppers ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٤F (L)‫א‬‫א‬(On)E‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬(Off)‫א‬‫א‬ vo = 1 Vs 1− k WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4-9 ‫א‬ W s ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧ J٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(4-9)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٨٨ - ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9K٣ K‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٠٠‫א‬١٥   ‫א‬٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬ :‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨ - ٨٩ - ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١ K‫א‬‫א‬K٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤    K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٥W‫א‬‫א‬   KEFW‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ - ٩٠ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ AC Voltage Controllers ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Theory Of Operation ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١ J٥‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، Q1, Q2 ‫א‬‫א‬١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٥   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ On-Off Control ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﺍﻹﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ١-١-٥ ‫א‬‫א‬Q1, Q2‫א‬ ‫א‬،(Vo) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢ J٥F - ٩١ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ig1Q1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kig2Q2‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬“Vs”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬“m”‫א‬‫א‬“n”‫א‬ 2π ⎡ ⎤ n n 2 Vorms = ⎢ = kV s 2V s sin 2 ωtd (ωt )⎥ = V s ∫ n+m ⎣ 2π (n + m ) 0 ⎦ 5-1 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ k  k= n n+m 5-2 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥   - ٩٢ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W١ J٥ ‫א‬‫א‬١٠ ،٧٥٢٥‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠١٢٧‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬ J ‫א‬ k= K‫א‬ J  ‫א‬ J 25 n = = 0.25 n + m 25 + 75  ‫א‬‫א‬ J Vorms = Vs·√k = 127(√0.25) = 63.5 V ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J I orms = Vorms 63.5 = = 6.35 R 10 A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 2 Po = I orms R = ( 6 .35 ) 2 × 10 = 403 .225 watt  ‫א‬‫א‬ J VA = V s I s = 127 × 6 .35 = 806 .45 watt   - ٩٣ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J PF = Po = k = 0.5 VA ‫א‬ J Im = Vm = 19.96 R A Phase Angle Control ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺇﺸﻌﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻴﺭﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ٢-١-٥ Q1, Q2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K٣ J٥‫א‬ K“Vs”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٨٠ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٩٤ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٤ J٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D1Q1‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D2Q2 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٥      W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ⎡ 2 β ⎤ 1 sin 2α sin 2 β 2 2V s sin 2 ωtd (ωt )⎥ = V s (β − α + Vorms = ⎢ − ) ∫ π 2 2 ⎢⎣ 2π α ⎥⎦ 5-3   - ٩٥ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥ Single Phase Controller with inductive load ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٥ J٥K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٨٠“φ” ‫א‬‫א‬“α”‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ φ ≤ α ≤ π ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“α”‫א‬“Q1”‫א‬‫א‬ “Q1”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦ J٥‫א‬“Q1”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“Q1”‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“π+α”‫א‬“Q2”‫א‬ ‫א‬،٦ J٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٥ - ٩٦ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     E φ ≤ α ≤ π F‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٥   “φ” ‫א‬‫א‬“α”‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ φ >α ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ π+φ‫א‬“Q2”‫א‬π+φ φ ‫א‬“Q1”‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2π+φ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٧ J٥‫א‬ - ٩٧ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷوﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﻧﺠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎآﻢ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷوﺟﻪ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٥   ٣ J٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٥ ٢‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٩٨ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬   ‫ﺣﺎآﻢ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫داﺋﺮة اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٥ “Tr”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“Ta”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “Tr”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬“Tr-Ta”‫א‬ ‫א‬“Tr”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“Tr-Ta” K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٩٩ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٥F - ١٠٠ -   ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠K٦ ‫א‬،mn‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠١٢٧ W‫א‬،٦‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J n, m‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬ J K‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ١٠١ - ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٦ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٥W‫א‬‫א‬   KEFW‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ - ١٠٢ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Inverters‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (PWM) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Filter)‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(UPS)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬١ J٦ ‫א‬١ J٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Theory of Operation ‫א‬(D1, D2)‫א‬(Q1, Q2) ‫א‬،‫א‬Q1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q1KVs ‫א‬‫א‬Q2،(T/2)‫א‬‫א‬EVsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬(-Vs)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q2‫א‬ ‫א‬K٢ J٦‫א‬‫א‬،(T/2)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Q1EF‫א‬ - ١٠٣ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ D1‫א‬،Q2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KQ2 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١ J٦   ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ Vorms 2 ⎤ ⎡2 T /2 2 2V s 2 (t ) T0 / 2 = V s = ⎢ ∫ V s sin ωtd (ωt )⎥ = T ⎦ ⎣T 0 6-1  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I orms == Vorms R 6-2 - ١٠٤ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Vg1 Vg2 IQ1 IQ2 Io Vo   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦ ‫א‬٢ J٦ EKKKK‫א‬F‫א‬  Single- Phase Bridge Inverter Q1, ،٣ J٦‫א‬‫א‬ E J2VsF‫א‬Q3, Q4KE2VsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q2 ‫א‬‫א‬D1, D2K٤ J٦‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q3, Q4  KQ1, Q2‫א‬D3, D4 - ١٠٥ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬٣ J٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٦‫א‬  W 2 ⎡2 T /2 2 ⎤ 8V s Vorms = ⎢ ∫ 4V s sin 2 ωtd (ωt )⎥ = (t ) T0 / 2 = 2V s T ⎣T 0 ⎦ 6-3  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I orms == Vorms R 6-4 - ١٠٦ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Three- Phase Bridge Inverter ‫א‬٣ J٦ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥ J٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 180o180o‫א‬‫א‬ K٦ J٦    ‫א‬٥ J٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٦ - ١٠٧ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬K١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9K٦     K‫א‬‫א‬ J      K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨ - ١٠٨ - ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬L،L،‫א‬L،‫א‬  J١  ١٩٨٤،‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬ ،‫א‬L ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢ ٢٠٠٠، J‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   3. An Introduction to Power Electronics, B. M. Bird, K. G. King, and D. A. G. Pedder, John Wiley & Sons, 1993. 4. Modern power Electronics, B. K. Bose, IEEE Press Publication, 1992. 5. Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications, M. H. Rashid, Prentice Hall, 1994. 6. Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design, N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland and W. T. Robbins, Jon Wiley & Sons, 1994 ‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ..................................................................................................................................................................  ................................................................................................................................................................  - ٢ - ...................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ - ٢ - ............................................................................ Semiconductors Used in Power Electronic Circuits - ٢ - .......................................................... Types of Power Electronic Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ - ٣ - ...................................................................... (uncontrolled rectifier)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬١ J١ J١ - ٣ - .............................................................................. (Controlled rectifier)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬٢ J١ J١ - ٤ - ................................................................................. (ac voltage controller)‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J١ - ٤ - ................................................................................................. (dc chopper)‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١ J١ - ٥ - ............................................................................................................ (Inverter)‫א‬٥ J١ J١ - ٦ - ........................................................ Power Semiconductor Devices‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ - ٦ - ................................................................................................................... Power diode‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ - ٨ - .............................................................................. General purpose diode‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J١ - ٩ - ................................................................................. Fast recovery diode‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J١ - ١٠ - ................................................................................................... Schottky diode‫א‬٣ J٣ J١ - ١١ - .............................................................................. Thyristor and its types‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١ - ١١ - ............................................ Thyristor construction and operation‫א‬١ J٤ J١ - ١٣ - ............................................................................. Thyristor characteristics‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤ J١ - ١٥ - .......................................................................................Thyristor firing‫א‬٣ J٤ J١ - ١٦ - ...................................................................... Thyristor turn-offE‫א‬F‫א‬٤ J٤ J١ - ١٧ - ..................................................................................... Thyristor protection‫א‬٥ J٤ J١ - ١٩ - .................................................................................................Thyristor types‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٤ J١ - ٢٢ - ................................................................................................ Power Transistor‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ J١ - ٢٢ - ........................................................................................................... BJT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٥ J١ - ٢٤ - ............................................................................... MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥ J١ - ٢٥ - .................................................................................. IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥ J١ - ٢٦ - .......................................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٢٨ - ....................................................... Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ - ٢٨ - ................................................................... Single-phase rectifier circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ - ٢٨ - ....................................... The single-phase half-wave rectifier‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٢ - ٣٤ - ........................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٢ - ٣٧ - .................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٢ - ٤٠ - ............................................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢ - ٤٢ - ..................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢ ‫א‬ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ - ٤٥ - .......................................................................................................................................... ٤ J٢ - ٥٠ - ...................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬ - ٥٣ - .............................................................................. Controlled Rectifiers ‫ اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬: ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ - ٥٣ - ............................................ Single Phase Half Wave Converter ‫א‬ ١-٣ - ٥٣ - .............................................................................. ‫ ﻣﻮﺣﺪ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﺤﻜﻮم ﻣﻊ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺎدي‬١-١-٣ - ٥٧ - ...................................................................... ‫ ﻣﻮﺣﺪ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﺤﻜﻮم ﻣﻊ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺎدي وﺣﺜﻲ‬٢-١-٣ - ٦٠ - ................................................ Single-Phase Semi-Converter ‫א‬٢ J٣ - ٦٣ - ................................ Single- Phase Full -Wave Converter‫א‬ ٣ J٣ - ٦٦ - ................................................................... Single -Phase Dual Converter‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٤ J٣ - ٦٦ - .......................................... Three- Phase Half- Wave Converter ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٥ J٣ - ٧٠ - ................................................ Three- Phase Semi-converter ‫א‬‫ א‬٦ J٣ - ٧١ - ........................................................ Three- Phase Full- Converter ‫א‬‫ א‬٧ J٣ - ٧٣ - .................................................................. Three- Phase Dual -Converter‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٨ J٣ - ٧٣ - .......................................................................................................................................  ٩ J٣ - ٧٦ - ...................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬ - ٧٩ - ........................................................................................ DC Choppers‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﺎت اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬: ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ - ٧٩ - .......................................................................... Theory of Operation‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٤ - ٨٥ - .................................................................................... Step Down DC Choppers ‫א‬‫ א‬٢ J٤ - ٨٨ - ......................................................................................... Step- Up DC Choppers ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٣ J٤ - ٨٩ - ...................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٩١ - ...................................................................AC Voltage Controllers ‫ ﺣﺎآﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎوب‬: ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ - ٩١ - .......................................................................... Theory Of Operation‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٥ - ٩١ - ............................................................................ On-Off Control ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮات اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ واﻹﻳﻘﺎف‬١-١-٥ - ٩٤ - ................................................................... Phase Angle Control ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ زاوﻳﺔ إﺷﻌﺎل اﻟﺜﺎﻳﺮﺳﺘﻮر‬٢-١-٥ - ٩٥ - .......................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥ - ٩٦ - ...................................................................................... Single Phase Controller with inductive load - ٩٨ - .......................................................................................................................................... ٣ J٥ - ١٠١ - ................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬ - ١٠٣ - ........................................................................................................... Inverters ‫ اﻟﻌﻮاآﺲ‬: ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ‬ - ١٠٣ - ...................................................................................................... Theory of Operation‫א‬١ J٦ - ١٠٥ - .................................................................... Single- Phase Bridge Inverter ‫א‬٢ J٦ - ١٠٦ - ................................................................... Three- Phase Bridge Inverter ‫א‬٣ J٦ - ١٠٨ - ............................................................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١................................................................................................................................... ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬  

Energoelektronika: Półprzewodniki i obwody - Podręcznik

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