NAME ____________________________ Period : _____________________ Date : __________________
All About Covalent Bonds/ Covalent Compounds
When atoms react to form more stable compounds, it is the unpaired valence electrons that are used to make a
bond. In a covalent bond, the unpaired valence electrons are shared. When a stable molecule is made, each
atom will have 8 valence electrons (except for period 1 elements, Hydrogen and Helium, which will have 2
valence electrons).
1. Draw the dot diagrams for the following atoms and answer the questions below:
Nitrogen (N) Selenium (Se)
Iodine (I)
Neon (Ne)
Fluorine (F) Hydrogen (H)
Carbon (C)
How many unpaired electrons do each of these atoms have?
N _____
Se _____
I _____
Ne _____
F _____
H _____
C _____
H _____
C _____
How many covalent bonds can each of these atoms make?
N _____
Se _____
I _____
Ne _____
F _____
2. a) Draw the electron dot diagrams:
Nitrogen
b) How many unpaired electrons does one nitrogen atom have? ________
c) How many covalent bonds does one nitrogen atom need to make? ____
Hydrogen
d) How many unpaired electrons does one hydrogen atom have? ________
e) How many covalent bonds does one hydrogen atom need to make? ___
f) How many hydrogen atoms would bond with one nitrogen atom to form a stable molecule? ________
g) Draw models for the molecule that will form between nitrogen and hydrogen atoms.
Electron Dot Diagram
Structural Formula
How many electrons does each of the hydrogen atoms have around them? ___________
How many electrons does the nitrogen atom have around it? ________
3. a) Draw the electron dot diagram:
Iodine
b) How many unpaired electrons does one iodine atom have? ________
c) How many covalent bonds does one iodine atom need to make? ____
d) How many iodine atoms would combine together to form a stable molecule? ________
e) Draw models for the molecule that will form between iodine atoms.
Electron Dot Diagram
Structural Formula
How many electrons does each of the iodine atoms have around them? ________________
4. a) Draw the electron dot diagrams:
Chlorine
b) How many unpaired electrons does one chlorine atom have? _________
c) How many covalent bonds does one chlorine atom need to make? ____
Hydrogen
d) How many unpaired electrons does one hydrogen atom have? _______
e) How many covalent bonds does one hydrogen atom need to make? ___
f) How many hydrogen atoms would bond with one chlorine atom to form a stable molecule? ________
g) Draw models for the molecule that will form between chlorine and hydrogen atoms.
Electron Dot Diagram
Structural Formula
How many electrons does each of the hydrogen atoms have around them? ___________
How many electrons does the chlorine atom have around it? ________
NAME _____________________
5. a) Draw the electron dot diagrams:
Oxygen
b) How many unpaired electrons does one oxygen atom have? ________
c) How many covalent bonds does one oxygen atom need to make? ____
Hydrogen
d) How many unpaired electrons does one hydrogen atom have? _______
e) How many covalent bonds does one hydrogen atom need to make? ___
f) How many hydrogen atoms would bond with one oxygen atom to form a stable molecule? ________
g) Draw models for the molecule that will form between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
Electron Dot Diagram
Structural Formula
How many electrons does each of the hydrogen atoms have around them? ___________
How many electrons does the oxygen atom have around it? ________
6. a) Draw the electron dot diagram:
Sulfur
b) How many unpaired electrons does one sulfur atom have? ________
c) How many covalent bonds does one sulfur atom need to make? ____
d) How many sulfur atoms would combine together to form a stable molecule? ________
(HINT: remember two atoms can share multiple pairs of electrons)
e) Draw models for the molecule that will form between sulfur atoms.
Electron Dot Diagram
Structural Formula
How many electrons does each of the sulfur atoms have around them? ________________
7. a) Draw the electron dot diagram:
Phosphorus
b) How many unpaired electrons does one phosphorus atom have? ______
c) How many covalent bonds does one phosphorus atom need to make? __
d) How many phosphorus atoms would combine together to form a stable molecule? ________
(HINT: remember two atoms can share multiple pairs of electrons)
e) Draw models for the molecule that will form between phosphorus atoms.
Electron Dot Diagram
Structural Formula
How many electrons does each of the phosphorus atoms have around them? __________
2. a) Draw the electron dot diagrams:
Carbon
b) How many unpaired electrons does one carbon atom have? _______
c) How many covalent bonds does one carbon atom need to make? ___
Oxygen
d) How many unpaired electrons does one oxygen atom have? _______
e) How many covalent bonds does one oxygen atom need to make? ___
f) How many oxygen atoms would bond with one carbon atom to form a stable molecule? ________
g) Draw models for the molecule that will form between oxygen and carbon atoms.
Electron Dot Diagram
Structural Formula
How many electrons does each of the oxygen atoms have around them? ___________
How many electrons does the carbon atom have around it? ________
NAME __________________