~ED
“-ED” pronunciation is determined by the last sound in the word, not by the spelling.
Example: The last sound in “Study” is a vowel sound,
so the “-ed” in “Studied” will be pronounced as /d/.
/t/ and /d/ combine with the last syllable of the word; /id/ creates an extra syllable
/t/
/d/
/id/
+ extra syllable
…P
...L
...T
Helped
Called
Wanted
Accepted
...K
...N
...D
Looked
Worked
Cleaned
/cleand/
Needed
...F
...R
Sniffed
Offered
...GH
...G
Laughed
Damaged
...CH
...V
...A
Watched
Loved
Played
...SH
...S
...E
Washed
Used
Freed
...SS
...Z
...I
Kissed
Amazed
Tried
...C
...B
...O
Danced
Rubbed
Followed
Borrowed
...X
...M
...U
Fixed
Claimed
Continued
Argued
also
/d/:
any words that end in a
vowel sound