MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY
1.
Many of this type of bacteria do not possess superoxide dismutase and catalase
A. oblig
obligate
ate aerob
aerobes
es
B. oblig
obligat
ate
e anaero
anaerobe
bes
s
C. facultat
facultative
ive anaerob
anaerobes
es
D. micr
microae
oaero
rophi
philes
les
p. 66
2.
It is the period when the bacterium is assessing the nutrients present in medium; the
bacterium does not divide but there is an intense metabolic activity. The phase of
bacterial growth is
A. Lag
B. Log
C. Stat
Statio
iona
nary
ry
D. Decli
cline
p. 53
3.
Whic
Which
h the
the best
best to ster
steril
iliz
ize
e sci
sciss
ssor
ors
s and
and othe
otherr sha
sharp
rps?
s?
A. Glut
Glutara
aralde
ldehy
hyde
de
B. Form
Formal
alde
dehy
hyde
de
C. Iod
Iodopho
ophorr
D. Phenol
p. 60
4.
These are groups of genes that are clustered together in the DNA of some bacterial
species and which may enable them to invade a host
A. Pathog
Pathogeni
enicity
city island
island
B. Episom
isomes
es
C. Tran
Transp
spos
oson
ons
s
D. Repli
eplico
cons
ns
p. 98
5.
Which is true about the bacterial chromosome?
A. Contain
Contains
s histones
histones that
that stabili
stabilize
ze the DNA
DNA
B. Composed
Composed of a single pair of homologous
homologous chromosom
chromosomes
es
C. Replicates
Replicates in a very different
different manner
manner from that
that of eukaryotic
eukaryotic chromosomes
chromosomes
D. Contain
Contain sing
single
le copy
copy of each
each gene
gene
p. 99
6.
A non-e
non-enc
ncap
apsul
sulat
ated
ed stra
strain
in of
of Hem
Hemoph
ophilu
ilus
s infl
influen
uenza
zae
e acqu
acquire
ires
s the
the gene
gene for
for caps
capsule
ule
production from a DNA extract of another encapsulated strain. The event that has
occurred is
A. Tran
Transf
sfor
orma
mati
tion
on
B. Conj
Conjug
ugat
atio
ion
n
C. Tran
Transd
sduc
ucti
tion
on
D. Tran
Transc
scri
ript
ptio
ion
n
p. 106
1
7.
What is the substance primarily responsible for the structural integrity of the bacterial
cell wall and is susceptible to lysozyme?
A. Cytop
Cytoplas
lasmi
mic
c membran
membrane
e
B. Teic
Teicho
hoic
ic acid
acid
C. Pept
Peptid
idog
oglyc
lycan
an
D. Lipo
Lipopol
polys
ysacc
acchar
haride
ide
p. 22
8.
A hospitalized patient with dysuria and suprapubic pain is treated with ciprofloxacin.
What is the mechanism of action of this antibiotic?
A. It inhibits
inhibits DNA-de
DNA-depend
pendent
ent RNA polym
polymeras
erase
e
B. It inhibits
inhibits protein synthesis
synthesis by binding
binding to the
the 30S ribosomal
ribosomal subunit
subunit
C. It inhibits protein
protein subunits
subunits by binding
binding to the 50S ribosomal
ribosomal subunit
D. It inhibits
inhibits topoisomerase
topoisomerase II (DNA
(DNA gyrase)
gyrase)
p. 164
9.
Which bacterial structure may carry gene for antibiotic resistance?
A. Mesos
esoso
ome
B. Peri
Peripl
plas
asm
m
C. Plasmid
mid
D. Oute
Outerr memb
membra
rane
ne
p. 98
10.
10.
What
What is the predo
predomi
mina
nant
nt indig
indigeno
enous
us flora
flora of the
the colo
colon?
n?
A. Anaerobic,
Anaerobic, gram-negati
gram-negative,
ve, non-sporenon-spore-forming
forming bacteria
B. Anaerobic,
Anaerobic, gram-pos
gram-positive,
itive, non-spore-formin
non-spore-forming
g bacteria
bacteria
C. Aerobic, gram-negative,
gram-negative, non-spore-formi
non-spore-forming
ng bacteria
bacteria
D. Aerobic, gram-positive,
gram-positive, spore-forming
spore-forming bacteria
p. 199
11.
Which of the following is the true regarding the bacterial cell?
A. He motility
motility of bacteria
bacteria is due
due to flagella,
flagella, axial filaments
filaments or cilia
B. The ability
ability to colonize
colonize cell surfaces
surfaces is
is dependent
dependent on toxic
toxic production
production
C. The ability to survive in soil for a long period of time is dependent on
the production of endospores
D. It has the
the same ribosome
ribosomes
s as that of a eukaryotic
eukaryotic cells
cells
p. 35
12.
Which
Which of
of the
the follow
following
ing is the
the count
counterp
erpart
art of mitoc
mitochon
hondria
dria in a bacteria
bacteriall cell?
cell?
A. Cell
ell wal
walll
B. Endo
Endosp
spor
ores
es
C. Ribos
ibosom
omes
es
D. Cell
Cell mem
membr
bran
ane
e
p. 17
13.
Which of the following agents possess either DNA or RNA?
A. Viruse
ruses
s
B. Prions
C. Bact
Bacter
eria
ia
D. Fungi
p. 2
2
14.
Most pathogenic microorganism grow best at the temperature range of about _____.
A. 15-2
5-20ºC
0ºC
B. 30-3
0-37ºC
7ºC
C. 50-6
0-60ºC
0ºC
D. 80-10
0-100
0ºC
p. 65
15.
A 22-year-old woman came in due to meningococcemia. Few hours after the admission,
the patient experienced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The patient
shock was due to what component of the causative agent?
A. Cell wall
B. Capsu
psule
C. Lipo
Lipopol
polysa
ysacch
cchari
aride
de
D. Endo
Endosp
spor
ores
es
pp. 155-156
16.
Which one of the following antimicrobial agents acts on microorganisms by inhibiting
nucleic acid synthesis?
A. Stre
Strept
ptom
omyc
ycin
in
B. Cefal
efalex
exin
in
C. Cipro
Ciproflo
floxac
xacin
in
D. Eryt
Erythr
hrom
omyc
ycin
in
p. 189
17.
A newborn was diagnosed with neonatal meningitis. The causative agent was found out
to be isolated in the vagina of the mother. Which one of the following microorganisms
can be a part of the normal vaginal flora of the mother and can cause neonatal
meningitis?
A. Mycoplas
Mycoplasma
ma pneumo
pneumonia
niae
e
B. Stap
Staphyl
hyloco
ococc
ccus
us aureus
aureus
C. Esch
Escheri
erich
chia
ia coli
coli
D. Strepto
Streptococc
coccus
us agalac
agalactia
tiae
e
p. 199
18.
Which of the following is the “C3 activation unit” in the classical complement pathway?
A. C1q
B. C3
C. C4b, C2
C2a
D. C5,
C5, C6,
C6, C7,
C7, C8 and
and C9
C9
p. 136
19.
The classic pathway of the complement system is activated when__
A. The Fab portion of
of IgM binds
binds to the C1s
C1s of the complement
complement pathway
pathway
B. The Fc portion of
of IgE binds
binds to the C1q
C1q of the complement
complement pathway
pathway
C. The hypervariabl
hypervariable
e regions
regions of the heavy and light
light chains binds
binds to the
membrane of the bacterial cell
D. The mannose
mannose binding
binding lectin stimulates
stimulates mannose
mannose associated
associated serine
serine
protease
p. 136
3
20.
Antigen-presenting cells that activate helper T cell must express which one of the
following on their surfaces?
A. IgE
B. Gamm
Gamma
a inter
interfer
feron
on
C. Class
Class I MHC
MHC antige
antigens
ns
D. Class
Class II MHC antigen
antigens
s
p. 139
21.
Increased susceptibility with Hepatitis virus and Candida albicans would be expected
with a deficiency of which of the following cells?
A. PMN
B. Eosi
Eosino
noph
phil
ils
s
C. B ce
cells
D. T cells
lls
p. 138
22.
In Type I hypersensitivity, the predominant antibody that is elicited is:
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM
p. 140
23.
Cont
Contac
actt der
derma
mati
titi
tis
s is an exam
exampl
ple
e of:
of:
A. IgE
IgE medi
mediat
ated
ed
B. Comp
Complem
lemen
entt mediat
mediated
ed
C. IgG
IgG med
media
iate
ted
d
D. Cell
Cell med
media
iate
ted
d
p. 141
24.
24.
This
This immu
immunog
noglob
lobuli
ulin
n is impo
importa
rtant
nt in prev
preven
entin
ting
g diarr
diarrhea
hea in
in the newb
newborn
orn
A. IgA
B. IgM
C. IgE
D. IgD
p. 129
25.
25.
Main
Main comp
compon
onen
entt in seco
second
ndar
ary
y resp
respon
onse
se..
A. IgA
B. IgM
C. IgG
D. IgD
p. 135
26.
26.
At birth,
birth, the
the main
main sourc
source
e of
of Hem
Hemato
atopoe
poetic
tic Stem
Stem Cell
Cell is
is the
the
A. Liver
B. Spleen
C. Bone
Bone Marr
Marrow
ow
D. Thym
hymus
p. 126
4
27.
27.
Which
Which meth
method
od will
will you
you see
see to detect
detect antig
antigen
ens
s dire
directl
ctly
y from
from tiss
tissue?
ue?
A. ELISA
B. Ouch
Ouchter
terlon
lony
y techn
technic
ic
C. Immun
Immunof
ofluo
luores
resce
cenc
nce
e
D. Comp
Complem
lemen
entt fixati
fixation
on
p. 142
28.
Which is true about humoral immunity and antibodies?
A. Antibodies
Antibodies found
found on the
the surface
surface of B cells are IgA
B. IgG has
has two bindings
bindings sites for an antigen
C. IgM is the
the main protection
protection of the newborn
newborn up to 6 (six) months
D. The Fab
Fab region
region of IgE
IgE binds
binds to mast
mast cell
cell receptor
receptor
p. 128
29.
29.
Which
Which of
of the
the follo
followi
wing
ng com
comple
pleme
ment
nt cas
cascad
cade
e does
does not
not inv
involv
olve
e C3b?
C3b?
A. C5 conver
convertase
tase of
of the alterna
alternativ
tive
e pathway
pathway
B. C5 conver
convertase
tase of the class
classic
ic pathway
pathway
C. C3 convertas
convertase
e of the alternative
alternative pathway
pathway
D. C3 conver
convertase
tase of
of the classic
classic pathw
pathway
ay
p. 136
30.
Which of the following cells is a part of the innate immune response?
A. B-ly
B-lymp
mpho
hocy
cyte
tes
s
B. T-he
T-helpe
lperr lympho
lymphocyt
cytes
es
C. T-cytot
T-cytotoxic
oxic lymphocy
lymphocytes
tes
D. Macr
Macrop
opha
hage
ges
s
p. 123
31.
Which of the following is LEAST associated with Enterohemorrahgic E. coli?
A. ferment
fermentatio
ation
n of
of sorbit
sorbitol
ol
B. stra
strain
in 015
0157:
7:H7
H7
C. underco
undercooked
oked hamburg
hamburgers
ers
D. hemolyt
hemolytic-u
ic-uremi
remic
c syndro
syndrome
me
p. 253
32.
32.
Which
Which of
of the
the follo
followi
wing
ng is true
true abo
about
ut chole
cholera
ra and
and its
its caus
causat
ative
ive agen
agent?
t?
A. A secretory
secretory diarrhea
diarrhea due to increases
increases in cGMP in the intestinal
intestinal cells
cells
B. The stool
stool is described
described as ‘rice water-like’
water-like’
C. The causative
causative agent is non-motile,
non-motile, nonfermenta
nonfermentative
tive
D. Grows
Grows poorly
poorly in medium
medium with
with alkalin
alkaline
e pH
p. 271
33.
The appearance of moistpale papules or condylomas in the anogenital area is
characteristic of
A. Prim
Primary
ary syphi
syphilis
lis
B. Seco
Second
ndary
ary syphil
syphilis
is
C. Terti
Tertiary
ary syphil
syphilis
is
D. T. pall
pallid
idum
um
p. 332
5
34.
A 4-year old Asian child develops an infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. How does
infection with this organism cause blindness?
A. Retin
Retinal
al deta
detachm
chment
ent
B. Catar
Catarac
actt form
formati
ation
on
C. Hemorrh
Hemorrhage
age of the anteri
anterior
or chamber
chamber
D. Scarrin
Scarring
g of
of the
the corne
cornea
a
p.360
35.
35.
Whic
Which
h is asso
associ
ciat
ated
ed wit
with
h ath
ather
eros
oscl
cler
eros
osis
is?
?
A. K. pneu
pneumo
moni
niae
ae
B. C. tra
trach
chom
omat
atis
is
C. S. pyog
pyogen
enes
es
D. C. pne
pneum
umon
onia
iae
e
p.364
36.
Which
Which of
of the
the followi
following
ng is LEAS
LEAST
T effec
effective
tive against
against M. pneum
pneumonia
oniae
e infect
infection
ion?
?
A. Eryt
Erythr
hrom
omyc
ycin
in
B. Tetr
Tetrac
acyc
ycli
line
ne
C. Kana
Kanamy
myci
cin
n
D. Vanc
Vancom
omyc
ycin
in
p. 345
37.
The only disease that can be diagnosed by demonstration of spirochetes in peripheral
blood smear
A. Relap
Relapsin
sing
g fev
fever
er
B. Lept
Leptop
opir
iros
osis
is
C. Pinta
D. Lyme
Lyme dise
diseas
ase
e
p. 335
38.
38.
Which
Which of
of the
the follo
followi
wing
ng is LEA
LEAST
ST ass
assoc
ociat
iated
ed with
with Heli
Helico
copte
pterr pylor
pylori?
i?
A. It requires
requires at least
least 2% NaCl
NaCl for growth (halophil
(halophilic)
ic)
B. It requires
requires increased
increased carbon
carbon dioxide
dioxide tension and decreased
decreased oxygen
oxygen
tension
C. It is sensitive
sensitive to the acidity of the gastric juice
D. Most commonly
commonly diagnosed
diagnosed by the demonstra
demonstration
tion of urease
urease production
production
p.275
39.
39.
In whic
which
h type
type of diar
diarrhe
rhea
a is the
the use
use of anti
antibio
biotic
tics
s not
not recom
recomme
mende
nded?
d?
A. Salmo
Salmone
nello
llosis
sis
B. Campylo
Campylobact
bacter
er infectio
infection
n
C. Chole
olera
D. Shig
Shigel
ello
losi
sis
s
p. 259
6
40.
Which causes urinary tract infection characterized by alkaline urine and formation of
urinary calculi?
A. Shige
Shigella
lla dyse
dysente
nteria
riae
e
B. Esch
Escheri
erich
chia
ia coli
coli
C. Prot
Proteu
eus
s mirabi
mirabili
lis
s
D. Enter
Enteroba
obacte
cterr cloac
cloacae
ae
p. 254
41.
Which is LEAST acceptable as specimen for the diagnosis of anaerobic infection
A. Trans
Transtra
trach
chea
eall aspir
aspirate
ate
B. Supra
Suprapu
pubic
bic asp
aspira
irate
te
C. Vagi
Vagina
nall swab
swab
D. Sample
Sample of tissue
tissue from
from infect
infected
ed site
site
p. 309
42.
Which of the following microorganisms takes up the color of Crystal violet upon properly
performed Gram staining?
A. Neiss
Neisser
eria
ia gonorr
gonorrhea
heae
e
B. Clostri
Clostridiu
dium
m perfr
perfring
ingens
ens
C. Esch
Escheri
erich
chia
ia coli
coli
D. Pseu
Pseudom
domon
onas
as sp.
p. 208
43.
Which of the following is a Toxoid vaccine?
A. Pnue
Pnuemo
moco
cocc
ccal
al
B. Measles
C. Vari
Varice
cell
lla
a
D. Diph
Diphth
ther
eria
ia
p. 215
44.
44.
The
The mos
mostt inf
infec
ecti
tiou
ous
s sta
stage
ge in pert
pertus
ussi
sis
s is:
is:
A. Catar
Catarrha
rhall sta
stage
ge
B. Prod
Prodom
omal
al sta
stage
ge
C. Paro
Paroxys
xysma
mall stag
stage
e
D. Conva
Convales
lescen
centt stage
stage
p. 283
45.
Regarded as a TB marker in the diagnosis of tuberculous effusion:
A. Gamma
Gamma inter
interfer
feron
on
B. AFB
AFB smea
smearr
C. Casea
Caseatio
tion
n necros
necrosis
is
D. PPD
PPD posit
positivi
ivity
ty
p. 407
46.
Presence of immunity to C. diphtheriae is indicated by:
A. Posi
Positiv
tive
e ele
elek
k test
test
B. Negat
Negative
ive elek
elek test
test
C. Posi
Positiv
tive
e schick
schick test
test
D. Negat
Negatice
ice sch
schick
ick test
test
7
p. 215
47.
47.
Which
Which of the
the
A.
B.
C.
D.
foll
follow
owing
ing is MOS
MOST
T like
likely
ly acqu
acquire
ired
d from
from cave
caves?
s?
Blas
Blasto
tomy
myco
cosi
sis
s
Histo
Histopl
plas
asmos
mosis
is
Cocci
Coccidi
dioid
oidom
omyco
ycosis
sis
Paracoc
Paracoccidi
cidioid
oidomyc
omycosis
osis
p. 642
48.
Asteroid bodies are seen tissue infected with
A. P. verr
verruc
ucos
osa
a
B. P. bo
boydii
C. S. sche
schenc
ncki
kiii
D. L. lo
loboi
boi
p. 634
49.
The agents of chromomycosis are seen in infected tissues as
A. Intra
Intrace
cellu
llular
lar yeast
yeast
B. Gran
ranules
les
C. Scle
Sclero
rotic
tic bodi
bodies
es
D. Cigar
Cigar-s
-shap
haped
ed bodies
bodies
p. 635
50.
Which of the following is NOT dimorphic?
A. P. bo
boydii
B. H. caps
capsul
ulat
atum
um
C. S. sche
schenc
ncki
kiii
D. C. imm
immitis
itis
p. 636
51.
51.
The
The agent
agent of
A.
B.
C.
D.
blas
blastom
tomyco
ycosis
sis are seen
seen in
in infe
infecte
cted
d tissu
tissues
es as
as
Intra
Intrace
cellu
llular
lar yeast
yeast
Single
Single buddin
budding
g yeast
yeast
Multiple
Multiple budding
budding yeast
yeast
Cigar
Cigar-s
-shap
haped
ed bodies
bodies
p. 642
52.
The physician closely monitored the patient’s serum creatinine and ion levels. The
patient is taking certain anti-fungal drug. What possible antifungal agent may affect the
renal function of this patient?
A. Keto
Ketoco
cona
nazo
zole
le
B. Terb
Terbin
inaf
afin
ine
e
C. Gris
Griseo
eofu
fulv
lvin
in
D. Amph
Amphot
oteri
ericin
cin B
p. 653
53.
The primary site of echovirus multiplication in the human host is
A. The
The musc
muscula
ularr syste
system
m
B. The
The alimen
alimentar
tary
y tract
tract
C. The anterior
anterior horn cells
cells
D. The respirat
respiratory
ory system
system
8
p. 487
54.
Which of the following properties of polioviruses is not shared by rhinovirus?
A. Icosa
Icosahed
hedral
ral symm
symmet
etry
ry
B. Resista
Resistance
nce to lipid
lipid solvent
solvents
s
C. Nake
Naked
d viru
virus
s
D. Stabili
Stability
ty at acid
acid pH
pH (pH3.0
(pH3.0))
p. 489
55.
55.
Segm
Segmen
ented
ted,, double
double-st
-stran
randed
ded RNA
RNA geno
genome
me tha
thatt is a com
commo
mon
n caus
cause
e of
viral gastroenteritis?
A. Astr
Astrov
ovir
irus
us
B. Norw
Norwal
alk
k vir
virus
us
C. Cali
Calici
civi
viru
rus
s
D. Rota
Rotavi
viru
rus
s
pp. 505-507
56.
Diagnost
Diagnostic
ic of
of Congen
Congenital
ital rubella
rubella is the
the demo
demonstr
nstratio
ation
n of rubella
rubella antibod
antibodies
ies like:
like:
A. Mate
Matern
rnal
al IgM
IgM
B. Neon
Neonat
atal
al IgM
IgM
C. Neon
Neonat
atal
al IgA
IgA
D. Mate
Matern
rnal
al IgA
IgA
p. 568
57.
57.
A vira
virall cause
cause of neph
nephro
ropat
pathy
hy in
in immu
immunoc
nocom
ompr
prom
omise
ised
d patie
patient
nt is
is
A. Human
Human papill
papillomav
omavirus
irus,, all types
types
B. Human
Human papillom
papillomavir
avirus,
us, low-ris
low-risk
k types
C. Hepa
Hepati
titi
tis
sC
D. Polyo
Polyomav
maviru
irus
s BK
BK
pp. 598-599
58.
Which
Which of
of the
the follow
following
ing individu
individuals
als may be at
at incre
increased
ased risk of acqui
acquiring
ring and
HIV infection?
A. A pregnant
pregnant mothe
motherr with a seafarer
seafarers
s husband
husband
B. A secreta
secretary
ry at an AIDS
AIDS instit
institute
ute
C. A doctor
doctor with a colleague
colleague that
that is HIV
HIV positive
positive
D. A male celebrity
celebrity who has multiple sexual
sexual partner
partner including
including a
prostitute
pp. 616-617
59.
Type of papillomavirus that is commonly associated with cervical carcinoma
A. Type 1
B. Type 6
C. Type 9
D. Type 18
18
p. 601
60.
Progressive Multifocal leukuencepalopathy is associated with a virus that is described
as __.
A. ssDNA,
ssDNA, icosahe
icosahedral
dral,, nake
naked
d
B. dsDNA,
dsDNA, helical,
helical, envelope
enveloped
d
C. dsDNA,
dsDNA, icos
icosahe
ahedral
dral,, naked
naked
9
D. ssRNA,
ssRNA, segment
segmented,
ed, naked
naked
pp. 597-599
61.
Which of the following virus that can enter a skin through abrasions?
A. Aden
Adenov
ovir
irus
us
B. Poly
Polyom
omav
avir
irus
us
C. Papi
Papillo
llomav
maviru
irus
s
D. Rhin
Rhinov
ovir
irus
us
p. 599
62.
A 6-year old child had recently had fifth disease. Her 43-year old mother subsequently
developed a rash and arthalgia. Which one of the following best describes the causative
agent?
A. It has
has the same
same size
size as
as poxviru
poxvirus
s
B. It has a helic
helical
al symmetr
symmetry
y
C. Inact
Inactiva
ivated
ted by
by ether
ether
D. A single
single-str
-strand
anded
ed DNA
DNA genome
genome
pp. 414-416
63.
HIV
HIV is
is a ret
retro
rovi
viru
rus.
s. A ret
retro
rovi
viru
rus
s is
is a
A. Cause
Cause tumo
tumors
rs in
in mouse
mouse
B. Conta
Contain
in a DNA
DNA geno
genome
me
C. Cause rapidly progressive
progressive neurologic
neurological
al disease
disease
D. Multipl
Multiplies
ies in
in the
the nucleu
nucleus
s
p. 605
64.
64.
Most
Most com
commo
mon
n caus
cause
e of pos
postt tran
transf
sfus
usio
ion
n hepa
hepati
titi
tis
s
A. HAV
B. HBV
C. HCV
D. HDV
p. 466
65.
Site of latent infections is at the sacral ganglia:
A. HSV 1
B. HSV 2
C. EBV
D. CMV
pp. 433-434
66.
Which of the following viruses can establish a latent infection?
A. Poxv
Poxvir
irus
uses
es
B. Rube
Rubell
lla
a virus
viruses
es
C. Herpe
Herpesv
sviru
iruses
ses
D. Coron
Coronav
aviru
iruses
ses
p. 371
67.
A 23-year-old medical student experienced fever, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy.
These were accompanied by lymphocytosis and atypical cells in the blood smear. True
statement regarding the causative agent
A. the major
major target
target cell of the virus is the T lymphocyte
lymphocyte
B. the agent
agent multi
multiplie
plies
s in the cytop
cytoplasm
lasm
C. it can be
be transmitted
transmitted thru direct contact
contact with
with the lesion
lesion
10
D. it possess
possess a double-strand
double-stranded
ed DNA
DNA genome
genome
p. 429
68.
The following hepatitis B marker is indicative of active viral replication
A. HBsAg
B. HBeAg
C. Anti
Anti-- HBs
HBs
D. Anti
Anti-- HB
HBe
p. 468
69.
The habitat is the large intestine.
A. Entam
Entamoe
oeba
ba gingiv
gingivali
alis
s
B. Entamoe
Entamoeba
ba histoly
histolytica
tica
C. Giar
Giardia
dia lambli
lamblia
a
D. Naeg
Naegler
leria
ia fowle
fowleri
ri
p. 104
70.
The infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica to man has
A. Pseu
Pseudo
dopo
podi
dia
a
B. Inge
Ingeste
sted
d red blo
blood
od cells
cells
C. Bull
Bull’s
’s eye
eye karyo
karyoso
some
me
D. Pointed
Pointed chromat
chromatoida
oidall bodies
bodies
pp. 103-104
71.
The most commonly involved area in Amoebiasis is the
A. Brain
B. Cecum
C. Liver
D. Recto
Recto-si
-sigm
gmoid
oid region
region
pp. 108-109
72.
There is no increase in the number of nuclei of
A. Balan
Balantid
tidiu
ium
m coli
coli
B. Enta
Entamo
moeb
eba
a coli
coli
C. Enta
Entam
moeba
oeba
D. Giar
Giardia
dia lambli
lamblia
a
p. 215
73.
Tissue invasion is relatively slow and tends to stimulate granuloma formation
A. Acanth
Acanthamoe
amoeba
ba caste
castellan
llanii
ii
B. Balan
Balanti
tidiu
dium
m coli
coli
C. Entamo
Entamoeba
eba histolyt
histolytica
ica
D. Naeg
Naegler
leria
ia fowle
fowleri
ri
p. 142
74.
Mosquito vector of Malaria in the Philippines is
A. Aede
Aedes
s aeg
aegyp
ypti
ti
B. Anophe
Anopheles
les flaviro
flavirostri
stris
s
C. Culex
Culex quinquef
quinquefasci
asciatus
atus
D. Manso
Mansoni
nia
a annula
annulata
ta
11
p. 164
75.
There is secondary exo-erythrocytic phase in
A. Benign
Benign tertian
tertian malaria
malaria
B. Maligna
Malignant
nt tertian
tertian malaria
malaria
C. Quar
Quarta
tan
n mala
malaria
ria
D. Sub-t
Sub-tert
ertian
ian malar
malaria
ia
p. 177
76.
The duration of the Erythrocytic-Schizogonic Cycle is 72 hours.
A. A. Benign
Benign tertian
tertian malaria
malaria
B. Maligna
Malignant
nt tertian
tertian malaria
malaria
C. Quart
Quartan
an malari
malaria
a
D. Sub-t
Sub-tert
ertian
ian malar
malaria
ia
pp. 184-191
77.
The gametocytes of the organism are described as banana or crescent-shaped.
A. Plasmod
Plasmodium
ium falcipa
falciparum
rum
B. Plas
Plasmo
modiu
dium
m malar
malariae
iae
C. Plas
Plasmo
modiu
dium
m oval
ovale
e
D. Plas
Plasmo
modiu
dium
m viva
vivax
x
pp. 188-190
78.
Produces rectal prolapse in heavy infection especially among children
A. Capilla
Capillaria
ria philippi
philippinen
nensis
sis
B. Trich
Trichine
inella
lla spir
spirali
alis
s
C. Trch
Trchuri
uris
s trichiu
trichiura
ra
D. Ascaris
Ascaris lumbrico
lumbricoides
ides
p. 243
79.
Bachman intradermal test & Xenodiagnosis are use for the diagnosis of infection cause
by
A. Capilla
Capillaria
ria philippi
philippinen
nensis
sis
B. Trich
Trichin
inel
ella
la spira
spirali
lis
s
C. Trch
Trchuri
uris
s trich
trichiur
iura
a
D. Ascaris
Ascaris lumbrico
lumbricoides
ides
p. 239
80.
The most common cause of Greeping Eruption or Cutaneous Larva Migran
A. Ancytos
Ancytostoma
toma brazilie
braziliense
nse
B. Enterob
Enterobius
ius vermicul
vermicularis
aris
C. Strongy
Strongyloid
loides
es sterc
stercoral
oralis
is
D. toxo
toxoca
cara
ra cani
canis
s
p. 281
81.
81.
The
The most
most com
commo
mon
n caus
cause
e of Visc
Viscer
eral
al Lar
Larva
va Mig
Migra
ran
n
A. Ancylos
Ancylostoma
toma brazilie
braziliense
nse
B. Enterob
Enterobius
ius vermicul
vermicularis
aris
C. Strngyl
Strngyloid
oides
es stercola
stercolaris
ris
D. Toxo
Toxocar
cara
a cani
canis
s
12
p. 325
82.
Produces autoinfection to man
A. Ancy
Ancylos
lostom
toma
a duode
duodena
nale
le
B. Asca
Ascaris
ris lumb
lumbric
ricoid
oides
es
C. Necat
Necator
or ameri
america
canus
nus
D. Strong
Strongyloi
yloides
des ster
stercola
colaris
ris
p. 256
83.
What parasite produces Iron deficiency anemia to man?
A. Asca
Ascaris
ris lumb
lumbric
ricoid
oides
es
B. Necat
Necator
or americ
americanu
anus
s
C. Strongy
Strongyloid
loides
es sterc
stercolar
olaris
is
D. Trich
Trichur
uris
is trichi
trichiura
ura
p. 284
84.
Associated with Noctrunal Pruritus Ani.
A. Asca
Ascaris
ris lumb
lumbric
ricoid
oides
es
B. Enterob
Enterobius
ius vermicul
vermicularis
aris
C. Necat
Necator
or ameri
america
canus
nus
D. Trich
Trichur
uris
is trichi
trichiura
ura
p. 304
85.
Graham Scotch tape technique is used for the diagnosis of the infection caused by
A. A. Asca
Ascaris
ris lumb
lumbric
ricoid
oides
es
B. Enterob
Enterobius
ius vermicul
vermicularis
aris
C. Necat
Necator
or ameri
america
canus
nus
D. Trich
Trichur
uris
is trichi
trichiura
ura
p. 305
86.
86.
What
What para
parasi
site
te suck
sucks
s and
and inge
ingest
sts
s blo
blood
od?
?
A. Ancylos
Ancylostoma
toma duoden
duodenale
ale
B. Asca
Ascaris
ris lumb
lumbric
ricoid
oides
es
C. Enterob
Enterobius
ius vermicul
vermicularis
aris
D. Trich
Trichur
uris
is trichi
trichiura
ura
p. 284
87.
What parasite shows Tramway sign in the X-ray?
A. Ascari
Ascaris
s lumbrico
lumbricoide
ides
s
B. Enterob
Enterobius
ius vermicul
vermicularis
aris
C. Necat
Necator
or ameri
america
canus
nus
D. Trich
Trichur
uris
is trichi
trichiura
ura
p. 317
88.
The infective stage of the parasite is found in crabs or crayfishes
A. Clon
Clonorc
orchis
his sine
sinens
nsis
is
B. Echi
Echinos
nostom
toma
a ilocan
ilocanum
um
C. Fasc
Fasciol
iola
a hepat
hepatica
ica
D. Parago
Paragonimu
nimus
s westerm
westermani
ani
p. 465
13
89.
What parasite is associated with neoplasm of the biliary duct or cancer of the liver?
A. Clon
Clonor
orch
chis
is sinens
sinensis
is
B. Fasci
Fasciola
ola hepa
hepatic
tica
a
C. Opistho
Opisthorchi
rchis
s felineus
felineus
D. Paragon
Paragonimus
imus westerm
westermani
ani
p. 477
90.
What parasite produces infection that stimulates tuberculosis?
A. Clon
Clonorc
orchis
his sine
sinens
nsis
is
B. Fasci
Fasciola
ola hepa
hepatic
tica
a
C. Opistho
Opisthorchi
rchis
s felineus
felineus
D. Parago
Paragonimu
nimus
s westerm
westermani
ani
pp. 467-468
91.
What is the infective stage of Schistosoma to man?
A. Cerca
ercari
riae
ae
B. Embry
Embryon
onate
ated
d egg
egg
C. Meta
Metace
cerc
rcia
iae
e
D. Mira
Miraci
cidi
dium
um
p. 417
92.
92.
Mollu
Mollusc
scan
an host
host of
of Schist
Schistos
osom
oma
a in
in the
the Phili
Philipp
ppine
ines
s is
A. Austr
Australo
alorb
rbis
is mysta
mystax
x
B. Biomph
Biomphalar
alaria
ia alexandr
alexandrina
ina
C. Coxie
Coxiella
lla bur
burnet
netiiii
D. Oncomel
Oncomelani
ania
a quadras
quadrasii
p. 416
93.
Laboratory procedure that makes use of the egg in the test is
A. CFT
B. CHR
C. COPT
D. Caso
Casoni
ni test
test
p. 770
94.
The infective of Diphyllobothrium latum to man to produce adult infection is the
A. Cysti
Cystice
cerco
rcoid
id larv
larva
a
B. Cysti
Cystice
cercu
rcus
s larv
larva
a
C. Proc
Procerc
ercoid
oid larva
larva
D. Sparg
Spargan
anum
um larva
larva
p. 497
95.
Pro
Produce
duces
s Ocul
Ocular
ar cys
cysti
tice
cerc
rcos
osis
is to
to man
man
A. Dipyl
Dipylidi
idium
um can
caninu
inum
m
B. Taen
Taenia
ia sagi
sagina
nata
ta
C. Taen
Taenia
ia soli
solium
um
D. Hyme
Hymeno
nolep
lepis
is nana
nana
p. 518
14
96.
Lateral uterine branches in gravid proglottid are counted for diagnosis of infection cause
by
A. Diphy
Diphyllo
llobo
bothr
thrium
ium latum
latum
B. Dipyl
Dipylidi
idium
um can
caninu
inum
m
C. Hyme
Hymeno
nolep
lepsis
sis nana
nana
D. Tean
Teania
ia sagin
saginata
ata
p. 522
97.
Taenia saginata is associated with
A. Cat
B. Cattle
C. Dog
D. Pig
p. 521
98.
98.
Ultra
Ultraso
soun
und
d and MRI
MRI usua
usually
lly hel
help
p in the
the diagn
diagnosi
osis
s of the
the infect
infection
ion cau
cause
se by
A. Dipyl
Dipylidi
idium
um can
caninu
inum
m
B. Echino
Echinococ
coccus
cus granu
granulos
losus
us
C. Hymeno
Hymenolepis
lepis diminuta
diminuta
D. Hyme
Hymeno
nolep
lepis
is nan
nan
p. 532
99.
This organis
organism
m produc
produces
es a blue-gr
blue-green
een pigm
pigment
ent and
and there
therefore
fore produce
produces
s a char
characte
acterist
ristic
ic
blue-green pus.
A. Stap
Staph
h aure
aureus
us
B. Pseudo
Pseudomona
monas
s aerug
aerugino
inosa
sa
C. Aspergi
Aspergillus
llus fumigat
fumigatus
us
D. Strep
Strep.. pyoge
pyogenes
nes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce pyocyanin pigment w/c is blue green in
color and also has antibiotic-like characteristics against some bacteria
Reference: Zinsser p. 577
100.
Each of the following
following statements
statements concerning
concerning the surface structures
structures of bacteria is correct
correct
EXCEPT:
A. Pili mediate
mediate the interactio
interaction
n of bacteria
bacteria with mucosal epithelium
B. Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides capsules retard phagocytosis
phagocytosis
C. Both gram negative rods
rods and cocci have
have polysaccharid
polysaccharides
es (endotoxin
(endotoxin in their
cell wall)
D. Bacterial
Bacterial flagella
flagella are not antigenic
antigenic in humans
humans
Bacterial flagella are made of proteins and are useful in distinguishing
serovars or variation of gram negative bacteria such as E. coli H. antigens
Sal. H .antigens.
Reference: Zinsser. Chapter 3
101.
101.
The most
most common
common site
site of asymp
asymptoma
tomatic
tic gonoco
gonococca
ccall infection
infection in
in women
women is the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Vagina
Myom
Myomet
etri
rium
um
Ureth
rethrra
Endo
Endoce
cerv
rvix
ix
15
The columnar epithelial cells here are the ones that are being infected by N.
gonorrhea.(A). Vaginal walls composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells
which are not colonized. (B) and (C) are not affected.
Reference: Zinsser p. 456
102.
102.
The follo
following
wing etiologic
etiologic agents
agents are known
known to cause
cause diarrh
diarrhea
ea EXCEP
EXCEPT:
T:
A. Clostrid
Clostridium
ium perfring
perfringens
ens
B. Rotav
otavir
irus
us
C. V. chol
choler
era
a
D. Prot
Proteu
eus
s vulg
vulgari
aris
s
Protues vulgaris produce urinary tract infection. C. clostridium perfringens
diarrhea thru it’s invasiveness so blood and mucus is (+) V. cholera-produced
diarrhea by virtue of enterotoxin. Rotavirus most common cause of viral
gastroenteritis in small children.
Reference: Zinsser p. 552
103.
103.
A 20 year
year old
old male
male develo
developed
ped a carbunc
carbuncle
le with
with surrou
surroundin
nding
g celluli
cellulitis.
tis. Gram
Gram stain
stain
revealed gram positive cocci, catalase and coagulase positive. Which of the following
antibiotics is initially appropriate for this patient?
A. Vanc
Vancom
omyc
ycin
in
B. Clox
Cloxac
acil
illi
lin
n
C. Cefr
Cefria
iaxo
xone
ne
D. Peni
Penici
cill
llin
in
90% of S. aureus strains are resistant to penicillin because pf production of
plasmid-derived β-lactamses. Such organisms can be treated with βlactamase-resistant penicillin such as cloxacillin or dicloxacillin oxacillin.
Oxacillin and Nafcillin have unpredictable absorption by oral route, thus is not
recommended
Reference: Zinsser p. 412
104.
104.
Which
Which of the followi
following
ng features
features help
help disting
distinguish
uish group
group A streptoc
streptococcu
occus
s from other
other
streptococcal species?
A. Bacitra
Bacitracin
cin susc
suscept
eptibil
ibility
ity
B. Bile
Bile solu
solubi
bili
lity
ty
C. Optochin sensitivity
D. Growth
Growth inhibiti
inhibition
on in 6.5 % NaCl
NaCl
Group A streptococcus is a β-hemolytic streptococcus and can usually be
distinguished from the other β-hemolytics by its bacitracin susceptibility or by
precipitation with specific anti sera (against its "Lancefrield antigen"). Bile
solubility test and optochin test distinguishes the L-hemolytic streptococci, S.
pneumoniae is bile soluble and
and optochin sensitive. Among the hemolytic
streptococci, S. viridans growth is inhibited by 6.5% NaCl while Enterococcus
species grows in 6.5% NaCl.
Reference: Zinsser p. 419
105.
105.
Which
Which of
of the
the follow
following
ing Clostrid
Clostridia
ia caus
cause
e gangre
gangrene?
ne?
A. Clost
Clostrid
ridium
ium tetani
tetani
B. Clostridium botulinum
C. Clostri
Clostridiu
dium
m perf
perfring
ringens
ens
D. Clost
Clostrid
ridium
ium diffici
difficile
le
C. tetani causes lockjaw. C. botilinum causes botulism. C. difficile causes
antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis. C. perfringens cause
gasgangrene and Food poisoning.
16
Reference: Zinsser p. 639
106.
106.
This gram
gram positiv
positive
e rod is usually
usually associa
associated
ted with
with bacteria
bacteriall vaginosis
vaginosis produc
producing
ing
malodorous vaginal discharge and "clue cells"
A. Erysipel
Erysipelothr
othrix
ix rhusopat
rhusopathiae
hiae
B. Lactobacillus acidophilus
C. Gardenel
Gardenella
la vaginal
vaginalis
is
D. Propion
Propionibac
ibacteri
terium
um acnes
acnes
E. rhusopathiae causes erysipeloid skin infection that resembles erysipelas
occurring among meat and fish handlers. L. acidphilus is normal
normal flora of
genital tract and is the main source of lactic acid. P. acnes produces lipase
which contributes to the genesis of acne.
Reference: Zinsser p. 604-605
107.
107.
Which
Which of the followi
following
ng organism
organisms
s is MOST likely
likely to involve
involve invasi
invasion
on of the intestin
intestinal
al
mucosa.
A. Vibr
Vibrio
io cho
chole
lera
ra
B. Shigella sonnei
C. Enterot
Enterotoxig
oxigenic
enic E. coli
D. Clostrid
Clostridium
ium botulinu
botulinum
m
Shigella sonnei is the only invasive, presence of blood and mucus in the
stool. Clostridium botilinum , V. cholera and Enterotoxigenic E. coli causes
diarrhea by producing enterotoxin
Reference: Zinsser p. 561
108.
Food poisoning that produces gastrointestinal
gastrointestinal symptoms
symptoms approximat
approximately
ely 1-2
1-2 hours
hours after
eating is most likely to be due to:
A. Salm
Salmon
onell
ella
a enter
enteriti
itidis
dis
B. Camp
Campyl
yloba
obacte
cterr jejuni
jejuni
C. Clostrid
Clostridium
ium perfring
perfringens
ens
D. Stap
Staph.
h. aur
aureu
eus
s
Staph aureus – the incubation period is 1-2 hrs. after ingestion of
contaminated food. Sal. enteritidis – 6 hrs. – 2 days. Campylobcacter – 8
hrs. – l day. C. perfringens – 8 hrs. – 12 hrs. Bacillus aureus – 8 hrs. – 12 hrs.
V. cholera – 2 – 3 days. V. parahaemolyticus – 8 hrs. – 2 days
Reference: Zinsser p. 412
109.
109.
A 30 year
year old pregnan
pregnantt woman
woman had a normal
normal delive
delivery
ry but the
the fetus
fetus was stillb
stillborn.
orn. CSF
CSF
examination showed positive rods. The pathogen is most likely:
A. Listeri
Listeria
a monocyt
monocytoge
ogenes
nes
B. Gardenerella vaginalis
C. Group
Group B Strep
Streptoco
tococcu
ccus
s
D. Staphylo
Staphylococc
coccus
us aureus
aureus
Listeria monocytogenes is a gram positive rod and can infect pregnant
women and poses the threat of stillbirth or serious damage to the fetus and
also cause neurological disease. Gardenella vaginalis gives rise to frothy,
fishy odor vaginal discharge, it can also cause premature births and low-birthweight infants.
Reference: Zinsser 484
17
110.
Which of these
these organisms
organisms is a major pathogen for nosocomia
nosocomiall infections
infections because
because of its
ubiquitous present in the hospital environment?
A. Stap
Staph.
h. Aure
Aureus
us
B. Stap
Staph.
h. Epid
Epiderm
ermidi
idis
s
C. Serra
Serratia
tia marces
marcesce
cens
ns
D. Pseudo
Pseudomona
monas
s aerog
aerogino
inosa
sa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus - yellow gold pigment when cultured at
room temperature. S, epidermidis - white pigment when cultured at room
temperature. Serratia marcescens - red pigment
Reference: Zinsser p. 577
111.
An individual
individual experiences
experiences severe
severe diarrhea after eating
eating sushi
sushi (raw
(raw fish)
fish) in a West
West Coast
Coast
restaurant. The most probable etiologic agent is:
A. Yersenia
Yersenia enteroc
enterocolit
olitica
ica
B. Salmonella enteritidis
C. Shige
Shigella
lla sonnei
sonnei
D. Vibrio
Vibrio parahae
parahaemoly
molyticu
ticus
s
Vibrio parahaemolyticus - is a salt loving organism and found in fishes.
Salmonella enteritidis - found in chicken, pig. Yersenia enterocoliticareserviors rodents
Reference: Zinsser p. 571
112.
112.
When
When symptoms
symptoms to typho
typhoid
id fever
fever first becom
become
e apparent,
apparent, Salmon
Salmonella
ella typhi
typhi is most
most
frequently isolated from:
A. Feces
B. Urine
C. Blood
D. Bone
Bone marr
marrow
ow
Blood - on the first week of infection, Feces - second week. Urine - third
week.
Reference: Zinsser p. 563
113.
113.
The area
area in the body
body where
where Salmo
Salmonell
nella
a typhi
typhi resides
resides if one
one is a chronic
chronic carrier
carrier
A. smal
smalll intes
intesti
tine
ne
B. kidney
C. bloo
blood
d str
strea
eam
m
D. gall
gall bla
bladd
dder
er
Gall bladder - where organisms are found and are excreted in the stool and
urine of the chronic carrier of Salmonella.
Reference: Zinsser p. 562
114.
114.
A 3 year old
old boy was diagn
diagnose
ose to have
have menin
meningiti
gitis
s CSF cultur
culture
e on Chocola
Chocolate
te agar
agar
showed growth of small gram negative rods. The most probable etiologic agent is:
A. N. men
menin
ingi
giti
tide
des
s
B. S. aureus
C. Group
Group B Strep
Streptoco
tococcu
ccus
s
D. H. inf
influ
luenz
enzae
ae type
type b
H. influenzae type b - is the most commonly isolated etiologic gram negative
rods causing meningitis. N. meningtidis - gram negative plo. Group B Strep gram positive cocci.
Reference: Zinsser p. 462
18
115.
115.
Among
Among the gram
gram negative
negative rods
rods producin
producing
g gastroent
gastroenterit
eritis,
is, the most
most infectio
infectious
us is:
A. V. chol
choler
era
a
B. E. coli
coli (015
(0157)
7)
C. Sal.
Sal. Typ
Typhim
himuri
urium
um
D. Shig.
Shig. Dysen
Dysenteri
teriae
ae type
type 1
Shigella - only 200 cells is enough to cause diarrhea while A-C you need to
10 3 - 10 5 cells to produce infection.
Reference: Tortora et al
116.
116.
Pneu
Pneumo
mococ
cocci
ci prim
primar
arily
ily caus
cause
e diseas
disease
e by:
A. toxin
toxin produc
producti
tion
on
B. enzy
enzyme
me produ
product
ction
ion
C. eluding
eluding phagocytosi
phagocytosis
s and favoring
favoring invasiveness
invasiveness
D. produci
producing
ng delayed
delayed immunolog
immunologic
ic reaction
reaction
Pneumococci does not produce toxins and enzymes. Capsules are virulence
factors which interfere with phagocytosis and favoring invasiveness.
Reference: Zinsser p. 435
117.
117.
The formatio
formation
n of pseudom
pseudomemb
embrane
rane in dipht
diphther
heria
ia is due to:
A. inhibitions
inhibitions by toxin
toxin of protein
protein synthesis
synthesis by ADP ribosyslatio
ribosyslation
n of EF-2
B. spores
spores which
which spread
spread subcut
subcutane
aneousl
ously
y
C. invasion of mononuclear
mononuclear phagocytic
phagocytic cells
D. neutralization
neutralization of exotoxin
exotoxin by antibody
antibody of blocking
blocking the interaction
interaction of fragment
fragment B
with receptors
Diphtheria toxin inhibits protein synthesis of eukaryotic cells thereby causing
cell death. Pseudomembrane formation is due to accumulation of necrotic
tissue.
Reference: Zinsser p. 488
118.
Lyme disease is an
an endemic
endemic inflammatory
inflammatory disorder
disorder with this distinctive
distinctive skin
skin disorder.
disorder.
A. Chron
hronic
ic der
derma
mati
titi
tis
s
B. eryt
erythe
hema
ma marg
margin
inat
atum
um
C. eryth
erythema
ema chron
chronic
icum
um migra
migrans
ns
D. ecth
ecthym
yma
a gang
gangre
reno
nosu
sum
m
Erythema chronicum migrans is a tick-borne associated syndrome.
Reference: Lippincott Illustrated Review in Microbiology p. 225
119.
Serology
Serology in the diagnosis
diagnosis of Syphilis
Syphilis using a non-trepon
non-treponemal
emal tests is the
the following
following
EXCEPT:
A. Microhem
Microhemaggl
agglutin
utinatio
ation
n assay
assay
B. Venereal
Venereal Disease Research
Research Laboratory
Laboratory
C. Fluores
Fluorescent
cent Antibod
Antibody
y Tests
Tests
D. Reiter
Reiter Protein
Protein Comple
Complement
ment Fixatio
Fixation
n
Two different types of test are used. Non-treponemal tests detects
Wasserman or reagenic antibodies; a few examples of the nontreponemal
tests include VDRL,
VDRL, automated regin, Kahn, plasmacrit, Hinton and Kline
tests. Treponemal tests detect antibodies specific for treponemal antigens;
they include FTA=ABS, T. pallidium immunobolization and hemagglutination
tests.
Reference: Zinsser p. 663-664
19
120.
120.
Mycoplas
Mycoplasmas
mas are
are very pleomo
pleomorphi
rphic
c and cannot
cannot be classif
classified
ied as to shape
shape because
because they
they
lack the following:
A. Peptidoglycan
B. lipid bilayer
C. nucleu
leus
D. lipop
lipopoly
olysa
sacc
cchar
haride
ide
Lacking cell walls, mycoplasmas are enclosed instead by a membrane
composed of a lipid bilayer. They are therefore plastic and very pleomorphic.
Reference: Zinsser p. 733
121.
121.
A definitiv
definitive
e identifica
identification
tion of M. tubercu
tuberculosi
losis
s can be obtaine
obtained
d by doing
doing the followin
following
g
procedure?
A. ZiehlZiehl-Ne
Neels
elsen
en sta
stain
in
B. AFB
AFB Cul
Cultu
ture
re
C. Biopsy
Biopsy of Tube
Tubercul
rculin
in test
test
D. Nucleic
Nucleic acid
acid amplif
amplificat
ication
ion
Cultures can detect small numbers of organism in the original sample. The
presence of Acid-fast organism on Ziehl Neelsen cannot distinguish on
morphologic
morphologic groups M. tuberculosis from the other mycobacteria
mycobacteria that are
saprophytic. Nucleic acid amplification utilizes enzymes that rapidly IGS
ribosomal RNA which can be used for patients with positive smears and while
culture results are pending.
Reference: Lippincott Illustrated Review for Microbiology p. 251
122.
122.
Rifamfic
Rifamficin
in a broad antim
antimicro
icrobia
biall agent is effecti
effective
ve treatmen
treatmentt for tubercu
tuberculosis
losis by:
by:
A. selective inhibition of the biosynthes
biosynthesis
is of the arabinoga
arabinogalactan
lactan and
and lipoarabinomannan
B. mediati
mediating
ng drug perm
permeabi
eability
lity and
and efflux
efflux
C. Inhibiting
Inhibiting peptidoglycan
peptidoglycan synthesis
synthesis by blocking action of D-alanise
D-alanise synthesis
D. binding to RNA polymerase
polymerase thereby
thereby interfering
interfering with
with mRNA synthesis
synthesis
Rifamficin is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent that acts the interferring
with the synthesis of mRNA by binding to RNA polymerase. Selective
inhibitions by ethamentol of the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan and
lipoarabinomannan, key structural components of the mycobacterial cell wall.
Cyclosine inhibits synthesis of peptidoglycan by blocking the action of the Dalanine synthetase.
Reference: Tortora p. 561
123.
123.
In prima
primary
ry disea
disease,
se, M.
M. tubercu
tuberculosi
losis
s surviv
survives
es and
and grows
grows within
within these
these host
host cells
cells
A. macr
macrop
opha
hage
ges
s
B. basophils
C. neut
neutro
roph
phil
ils
s
D. eosi
eosino
noph
phil
ils
s
M. tuberculosis may continue to survive and remain dormant in activated
macrophages where it is protected from phagocytosis
Reference: Lippincott Illustrated Review of Microbiology p. 247
124.
124.
Members
Members of the
the genus
genus Ricketts
Rickettsia
ia are
are morpho
morphologi
logicall
cally
y & bioch
biochemic
emically
ally similar
similar to
to
A. gram
gram-po
-posit
sitive
ive bacte
bacteria
ria
B. gram negative bacteria
C. clos
clostr
trid
idia
ia
D. virus
ruses
20
Rickettsias are short-rod shaped or cocci bacillary organisms measuring 0.8
to 2.0 um long
Reference: Lippincott Illustrated Review of Microbiology p. 259
125.
125.
The hallm
hallmar
ark
k of vira
virall infec
infectio
tion
n of the
the cell
cell is
is the
the prod
product
uction
ion of
of
A. inclus
inclusion
ion bodie
bodies
s
B. multinu
multinuclea
cleated
ted giant
giant cells
cells
C. cyto
cytopa
pathi
thic
c effec
effectt
D. granu
granule
le form
format
ation
ion
The hallmark of viral infection of the cell is the cytopathic effect. This change
begin with a rounding and darkening of the cell and culminates in either lysis
or giant cell formation. Infected cells
cells frequently contain inclusion bodies
which are discrete areas containing viral particles.
Reference: Zinsser p. 943
126.
126.
The comple
complete
te infec
infectio
tious
us form
forms
s of
of Hep
Hepati
atitis
tis B is:
is:
A. HBeAg
B. Dane
Dane parti
particl
cles
es
C. HBsAg
D. HBcAg
The Dane particle is the complete form of Hepatitis B whereas the antigens
are subunit forms of the surface and core of the virus.
Reference: Zinsser p. 1040
127.
127.
Which
Which of
of the
the follow
following
ing virus/es
virus/es contain/
contain/s
s Hemagg
Hemagglutin
lutinin
in on
on its
its surfac
surface?
e?
A. Hepat
epatit
itis
is B
B. Hepat
epatit
itis
is C
C. Influ
Influen
enza
za virus
virus
D. all of the
the abov
above
e
The antigen hemagglutinin is characteristic of Influenza virus.
Reference: Zinsser p. 995
128.
128.
In their
their multi
multiplic
plicatio
ation,
n, they
they produc
produce
e DNA which
which is integr
integrate
ated
d into
into the cell
cell genom
genome.
e.
A. Hepa
Hepadn
dnav
avir
irus
us
B. Reovirus
C. Pico
Picorn
rnav
avir
irus
us
D. Herp
Herpes
esvi
viru
rus
s
Hepadnavirus transforms non-permissive cells by integration of DNA
transcripts into host cell genome. They carry an RNA-dependent DNA
polymerase (reverse transcriptase).
Reference: Zinsser p. 810
129.
129.
The most
most com
commo
mon
n intra
intraut
uteri
erine
ne vira
virall infec
infectio
tion
n is cause
caused
d by:
by:
A. Cyto
Cytomeg
megalo
alovir
virus
us
B. Rubella
C. Aden
Adenov
ovir
irus
us
D. Herpe
Herpes
s simple
simplex
x
Cytomegalovirus accounts for the biggest # of intrauterine infection followed
by rubella.
Reference: Zinsser p. 962
21
130.
130.
Smallpo
Smallpox
x was
was eradic
eradicated
ated by the global
global use
use of
of vaccin
vaccine
e which
which contain
contains:
s:
A. kill
killed
ed viru
virus
s
B. attenua
attenuated
ted live virus
virus
C. prefo
preform
rmed
ed antibod
antibodies
ies
D. preformed
preformed antibodies
antibodies and live
live attenuated
attenuated virus
Smallpox disease was eradicated by use of a live attenuated vaccine. Live
vaccine are used because duration of immunity is longer with greater
effectiveness of protection, both IgA and IgG are elicited when administered
by the natural route of infection which is intradermally where the virus
replicates. Cell mediated immunity is produced.
Reference: Zinsser p. 949
131.
131. The most
most importa
important
nt labora
laboratory
tory test for the
the detec
detection
tion of early
early Hepatit
Hepatitis
is B virus
virus
infection is:
A. immunoa
immunoassay
ssay for HBsAg
HBsAg
B. immunoassay for HBeAg
C. immuno
immunoassa
assay
y for
for Anti
Anti HBc
HBc
D. immuno
immunoassa
assay
y for
for Anti
Anti HBs
HBs
HBsAg appears during the incubation period and is detectable in most
patients during the prodrome and acute phase; falls to undetectable levels
during convalescence. HBeAg arises during the incubation period and is
present during the prodome and early acute disease. Its presence is an
important indicator of transmissibility. Anti HBc is detectable during prodrome
and acute disease. Anti HBs is detectable during late convalescence.
Reference: Zinsser p. 1043
132.
132.
A commo
common
n upper
upper respirat
respiratory
ory tract
tract disease
disease produce
produced
d by adenovir
adenovirus
us is:
is:
A. Rhin
hiniti
itis
B. atypi
atypical
cal pneum
pneumon
onia
ia
C. pharyng
pharyngoco
oconjun
njunctiv
ctivitis
itis
D. paro
paroti
titi
tis
s
Adenoviruses cause a variety of upper and lower respiratory tract disease.
Pharyngoconjunctivitis is common.
Reference: Zinsser p. 970
133.
133. The virus
virus that
that is increasi
increasingly
ngly being
being recogn
recognized
ized as cause
cause of nonbac
nonbacteri
terial
al infant
infant
diarrhea
A. Retro
etrovi
viru
rus
s
B. Rota
Rotavi
viru
rus
s
C. Orbi
Orbivi
viru
rus
s
D. Cali
Calici
civi
viru
rus
s
Rotavirus gastroenteritis is one of the most common childhood illness and a
leading cause of infant deaths in developing countries.
Reference: Zinsser p. 993
134. In the laboratory
laboratory this protein
protein from Influenza virus
virus agglutinates
agglutinates red blood
blood cells whereas
whereas in
vivo, it binds to the surface receptor of the host cell to initiate infection.
A. Hemag
Hemaggl
glut
utin
inin
in
B. Neur
Neuram
amid
idas
ase
e
C. Hemol
emolys
ysin
in
D. caps
capsid
id anti
antige
gen
n
The Influenza virus has an envelope covered with 2 different spikes
Hemagglutinatinin and neuramidase. Hemagglutination initiates infection in
22
the host and in the lab causes agglutination of RBC's. Neuramidase cleaves
neuramic acid (sialic acid) to release progeny virus from the infected cell.
Hemolysin is from bacterial cells and causes hemolysis of RBC.
Reference: Zinsser p. 778
135.
135.
In the
the preven
prevention
tion of poliom
poliomyele
yeletis,
tis, the
the use
use of oral
oral vacc
vaccine
ine is preferre
preferred
d becaus
because:
e:
A. induce
induces
s intes
intestin
tinal
al IgA
B. induces humoral IgG
C. can produce lifelong immunity
D. can produce
produce immunity to unimmunized
unimmunized adults
The oral vaccine or Sabin vaccine which is a live attenuated vaccine is
preferred over the Salk vaccine or killed vaccine because (1) it interrupts
fecal-oral transmission by inducing secretory IgA in the GIT; killed vaccine
does not. Both kinds of vaccine induce humoral IgG. Infection provides
lifelong type specific immunity.
Reference: Zinsser p. 981
136.
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease characterized by versicular rash on the hands and feet
and ulcerations in the mouth, mainly in children is caused by:
A. Echo
Echovi
viru
rus
s
B. Para
Parainf
influe
luenz
nza
a virus
virus
C. Coxsack
Coxsackie
ie virus
virus Group
Group A
D. Coxsack
Coxsackie
ie virus
virus Group
Group B
Echovirus causes aseptic meningitis. Parainfluenza causes croup. Coxsackie
B causes pleurodynia. Coxsackie A causes herpangina and hand-foot-andmouth disease.
Reference: Zinsser p. 774
137.
137.
The mos
mostt commo
common
n funga
fungall opport
opportun
unist
istic
ic infec
infectio
tion
n is caus
caused
ed by:
by:
A. Aspe
Aspergi
rgillu
llus
s fumiga
fumigatus
tus
B. Cryptoc
Cryptococcu
occus
s neoform
neoformans
ans
C. Cand
Candid
ida
a albi
albican
cans
s
D. Mucor
Candida albicans - it is endogenous, a lot of risk factors like pregnancy,
diabetic person, prolonged used of antibiotic, used of birth control pills
Reference: Zinsser p. 1139
138.
138.
The most
most com
commo
mon
n mode
mode of infe
infecti
ction
on of
of system
systemic
ic fung
fungii is thru
thru::
A. inge
ingest
stio
ion
n
B. traumatic implantation
C. inha
inhala
lati
tion
on
D. all of the
the abov
above
e
Inhalation of infectious particles (spores) which are suspended in the air.
Reference: Zinsser p. 1091
139. A 45 year old post kidney transplant
transplant patient develop fever and pneumonia
pneumonia with
marked neutropenia. Bronchial washing show dichotomously branching filamentous
fungi. The fungi involved is:
A. spro
sproro
roth
thri
rix
x
B. cryp
crypto
toco
cocc
ccus
us
C. candid
dida
D. aspe
asperg
rgil
illu
lus
s
23
In immunocompromised patient, inhalation of spores of Aspergillus can lead
to pneumonia and are seen as dichotomous branching hyphae
(filamentous).
Reference: Zinsser p. 1127
140. In a 7 year
year old malnourish
malnourished
ed boy with
with multiple
multiple nematode
nematode infections,
infections, the
the most severe
severe
complication will come from:
A. Ascaris
Ascaris lumbrico
lumbricoide
ides
s
B. Trich
Trichuri
uris
s trich
trichiur
iura
a
C. Neca
Necator
tor ameri
america
canus
nus
D. Enterob
Enterobius
ius vermicul
vermicularis
aris
Ascaris has a tendency to migrate to other openings causing more severe
disease.
Reference: Brown 6 th ed. p. 141-142, Roberts and Janovy p. 422
141.
141.
Loeffler
Loeffler’s
’s syndr
syndrome
ome can be seen
seen in
in the
the follow
following
ing paras
parasitic
itic infecti
infections
ons EXCE
EXCEPT:
PT:
A. Asca
Ascari
rias
asis
is
B. Strongyloidiasis
C. Necatoriasis
D. Tric
Trichu
huri
rias
asis
is
Loeffler’s syndrome is eosinophilic lung. As the parasitic larvae (rhaditiform
for Ascaris, filariform for Strongyloides and Necator) travels to the pulmonarycirculatory system, the body reacts with an anaphylactic type of
hypersensitivity that produces the eosinophilic lung condition. Trichuris does
not have a pulmonary circulatory pathway.
Reference: Brown 6 th ed. p. 141, 126, 130; Roberts & Janovy p. 386, 422
142.
142.
All
All cesto
cestodes
des requir
require
e an interm
intermedi
ediate
ate host
host EXC
EXCEP
EPT:
T:
A. Diphy
Diphyllo
llobot
bothri
hrium
um latum
latum
B. Taenia saginata
C. Hymen
Hymenol
olep
epis
is nan
nana
a
D. Echinoc
Echinococcu
occus
s granulos
granulosus
us
Man gets H. nana infection by ingesting the eggs directly. All other cestodes
require an intermediate host
Reference: Brown 6 th ed. p. 192
143.
143.
Cystice
Cysticercos
rcosis
is due
due to
to Taenia
Taenia solium
solium is acqui
acquired
red through
through ingestio
ingestion
n of:
of:
A. cysti
cystice
cerc
rcus
us larva
larva
B. cysticercoid larva
C. proce
procerco
rcoid
id larv
larva
a
D. egg
A more dangerous sequence can occurs when a person ingests the egg of
Taenia solium in contaminated food or water rather than eating raw or
undercooked pork containing the larva cystercus. Cysticercoid larva pertains
to D. caninum and H. nana. Procercoid larva is for D. latum. The ingested
egg hatch in the small intestines and the oncopheres burrow through the wall
into a blood vessel, where they can disseminate to many organs. This
condition is called cysticercosis.
Reference: Brown 6 th ed. p. 207
24
144.
144.
The infect
infective
ive stage
stage to
to man
man of Neca
Necator
tor ameri
america
canus
nus is:
A. rhabd
rhabditi
itifo
form
rm larva
larva
B. filariform larvae
C. embry
embryona
onate
ted
d egg
egg
D. Micr
Microf
ofil
ilar
aria
ia
Filariform larvae of hookworms penetrate the skin
Reference: Roberts & Janovy p. 410
145.
145. This cestode
cestode possess
possess a quadra
quadrate
te scole
scolex
x with
with 4 circular
circular suckers
suckers and no roste
rostellum
llum
or hooklets:
A. Diphy
Diphyllo
llobot
bothri
hrium
um latum
latum
B. Hyme
Hymeno
nolep
lepis
is nana
nana
C. Taenia saginata
D. Echinoc
Echinococcu
occus
s granulos
granulosus
us
D. latum has an elongated scolex. H. nana has a globular scolex with 4
suckers, a short retractile rostellum armed with a single row of hooklets. E.
granulosus has 4 suckers with a rostellum and a double row of hooklets.
Reference: Brown 6 th p. 194, Roberts & Janovy p. 333
146.
146.
Amoe
Amoebic
bic absc
abscess
ess of the
the live
liverr is mostl
mostly
y foun
found
d in the
the
A. left
left antero
anterome
medi
dial
al lobe
lobe
B. right posterosuperior lobe
C. inferior lobe
D. middle lobe
Spread of amoeba from the large intestines is by the portal vein and deposit
on the right posterosuperior lobe
Reference: Chatterjee p. 25
147.
Little Joey was frequently sick of various infectious diseases. He was found to have low
CD4+ lymphocytes titers. Which of the following immune response processes would still
be functional in Joey’s body?
A. T cell
cell help
help for
for B lymphoc
lymphocytes
ytes
B. Recogn
Recognition
ition of
of peptidepeptide-MHC
MHC compl
complex
ex
C. Phagocytic
Phagocytic function
function for
for foreign
foreign molecules
molecules
D. T-depend
T-dependent
ent antigen
antigen recog
recogniti
nition
on
This is an innate natural cellular immune ability of the host to respond to
foreign molecules which is
independent of the Th series.
Reference: Stanley p. 92; 124
148.
148.
The host
host immu
immune
ne resp
respon
onse
se in viral
viral infec
infectio
tions
ns is most
mostly
ly by:
by:
A. Th ce
cells
B. B cells
C. Tc ce
cells
D. NK ce
cells
lls
Viral infections produce endogenous peptides which are presented on the
surface of cells in conjunction with MHC Class 2. These are recognize
primarily by Tc cells. B cells are mostly for exogenous peptides that are
antibody mediated mainly stimulated by Th cells while the NK cells’ major
activity is to directly destroy aberrant cells such as in cancer.
Reference: Roitt, Brostoff & Male p. 15.3-15.4
25
149.
149. A killed
killed virus
virus is the
the major
major compone
component
nt of the vaccine
vaccine against
against this
this patho
pathogen
genic
ic
organism.
A. measle
asles
s
B. rubella
C. mumps
D. rabies
Measles, rubella, mumps vaccines contain living but attenuated virus (also for
chickenpox, Sabin polio) Rabies vaccine (also for Hep A, Salk polio,
influenza) contain killed or inactivated viruses. Hep B vaccine contains
antigenic fragments of the virus usually using recombinant technology (yeastderived). Subunit vaccines are also used as in pertussis. Tetanus and
diphtheria utilize toxoids which are inactivated toxins or antitoxins, antibodies
against these. H. influenzae type b vaccine is conjugated to a protein which
can be a diphtheria toxoid.
Reference: Tortora p. 502
150.
150.
Alkaline
Alkaline pH in urine
urine seen
seen in Proteus
Proteus is due
due to its ability
ability to split
split urea into:
into:
A. NH3 & C02
B. Cl & Ca
C. Ca & Mg
D. Na & Cl
Answer: A (pp.208)
151.
151.
It is
is respo
responsib
nsible
le for Escheri
Escherichia
chia coli causing
causing meningi
meningitis
tis in infants
infants
A. H antigen
B. LPS
C. K ant
antig
igen
en
D. O anti
antige
gen
n
Answer: C (pp.208)
152.
152.
Vi antig
antigen
en for
for Salm
Salmone
onella
lla typhi
typhi
A. penetrates epithelial lining of the intestinal tract
B. antigenic
antigenic structure
structure associated
associated with invasiven
invasiveness
ess
C. interfer
interfere
e with antibody
antibody bindin
binding
g to bacteria
bacteria
D. confers a certain degree of immunity
Answer: B (p 209)
153.
Initial recognition event for the activation of the alternative pathway
A. C3b
B. C1
C. C4
D. Fact
actor D
Answer: A (p 108)
154.
The characteristic morphologic feature of influenza responsible for antigenic changes of
the virus
A. Envelope
B. segme
segmente
nted
d geno
genome
me
C. capsid
D. nucl
nuclei
eic
c aci
acid
d
Answer: B (p 320)
26
155.
Replicate in the cytoplasm of the host cell
A. Aden
Adenov
ovir
irus
us
B. Ortho
Orthomy
myxov
xoviru
irus
s
C. Poxv
Poxvir
irus
uses
es
D. HIV
Answer: C (p332)
156.
The exudative lung parenchymal lesion with lympadenopathy in primary tuberculosis
infection is called
A. tube
tuberc
rcul
ulos
osis
is
B. gran
granul
ulom
oma
a
C. ghon
ghon com
compl
plex
ex
D. fibro
fibrotic
tic lesion
lesion
Answer: C (p278)
157.
Which of the following statement/s is correct regarding neonatal herpes
A. infections are almost always asymptomatic
B. most common route of infection is thru contact with herpetic lesion
during vaginal delivery
C. caus
causes
es late
latent
nt infe
infect
ctio
ion
n
D. usua
usuall
lly
y cau
cause
se by HSV
HSV 1
Answer: B (p376)
158.
158.
An 18 year
year old colleg
college
e student
student develo
developed
ped fever
fever follow
followed
ed by jaundi
jaundice.
ce. Acute
Acute viral
viral
hepatitis was entertained. Results of the hepatitis profile are as follows: anti-HAV IgM
(-), anti-HbsAg (-), anti-HBc IgM (+), anti-HBc IgG negative. He most probably has:
A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepatitis C
D. Hepatitis E
Answer: B ( p 410)
159.
A 21 y/o male with history of sexual contact 4 days ago resents with painful urination
and purulent penile discharge. Which of the following is most likely?
A. prim
primar
ary
y syph
syphil
ilis
is
B. genit
nital her
herp
pes
C. gonorrhea
D. lymp
lympho
hogr
gran
anul
ulom
oma
a vener
venerum
um
Answer: C (p259)
160.
A 1 and half y/o boy developed fever, coryza and cough followed 4 days later by
maculopapular rashes starting from the hairline and becoming generalized. Fever
persisted. The most likely etiology is a/an
A. RNA virus
B. DNA virus
C. gram
gram posi
positi
tive
ve cocc
coccus
us
D. gram
gram nega
negati
tive
ve baci
bacill
llus
us
Answer: A ( p 470)
27
161.
A neonate is born with the following features: microcephaly, jaundice, poor suck and
chorioretinitis. A congenital infection is entertained. The most common congenital
infection is due to:
A. Chlam
hlamy
ydia
dia
B. HIV
C. CMV
D. HSV
Answer: C ( p 382)
162.
A 2 month old girl was brought to you because of milk curd-like lesions in the mouth
noted for a week. The whitish lesions were adherent to the oral mucosa with pinpoint
bleeding when the mother tried to remove them. This is caused by
A. herp
herpes
es sim
simpl
plex
ex 1
B. Coxsa
oxsack
ckie
ie A
C. alb
albican
icans
s
D. neof
neofor
orma
mans
ns
Answer: C ( p 550)
163.
A 23 y/o office worker found out that his sexual partner had HIV infection. The
screening procedure of choice for HIV infection is
A. PCR
B. HIV Elisa
C. western blot
D. nort
orther
hern blot
lot
Answer: B (p 525)
164.
A 6 month old baby has acute watery diarrhea. Which of the following is the most
common cause of diarrhea in this age group?
A. ETEC
B. Rotavirus
C. EPEC
D. V. cholerae
Answer: B ( p434)
165.
A health worker who did not receive prior mumps vaccine developed parotid swelling
and fever. The following belongs to the same virus family as mumps virus
A. A. germ
german
an meas
measles
les
B. RSV
C. Infl
Influe
uenz
nza
a
D. Japan
Japanes
ese
e B virus
virus
Answer: B ( p 471)
166.
A 25 yr old saleslady developed high fever, chills and cough. On PE she had crackling
rales on the right lung base. The diagnosis is pneumonia. The most common bacterial
cause of this condition in this age group is:
A. S. au
aureus
reus
B. N. men
menin
ingi
giti
tidi
dis
s
C. S. pneumoniae
D. Hemophi
Hemophilus
lus influenz
influenzae
ae
Answer: C ( p 213)
28
167.
Infection with this organism is the most common risk factor for cervical CA
A. HIV
B. N. gono
gonorr
rrhe
hea
a
C. HPV
D. HSV 2
Answer: C ( p512)
168.
Most common cause of UTI in women is characterized by
A. Urea
Urease
se prod
produc
ucti
tion
on
B. frui
fruity
ty odo
odorr on cul
cultu
ture
re
C. gree
greenis
nish
h met
metall
allic
ic shee
sheen
n
D. swar
swarmi
ming
ng phen
phenom
omen
enon
on
Answer: C ( p 219)
169.
Which of the following laboratory tests can be used to monitor response to treatment in
syphilis?
A. FTA-ABS
B. VDRL
C. Dark
Darkfi
fiel
eld
d micro
microsc
scop
opy
y
D. ELISA
Answer: B ( p 287)
170.
An encapsulated fungi that causes meningitis is
A. H. capsu
psulat
latum
B. neoformans
C. C albicans
D. immitis
Answer: B ( p 552)
171.
171.
The follo
following
wing statemen
statements
ts are
are true
true regardi
regarding
ng N. meningit
meningitidis
idis
A. it is the only specie that is oxidase positive
B. oxid
oxidize
izes
s mal
malto
tose
se and
and glu
gluco
cose
se
C. oxid
oxidiz
izes
es gluc
glucos
ose
e only
only
D. it is
is the
the only
only gra
gram
m nega
negativ
tive
e speci
specie
e
Answer: B (p256)
172.
The following statements are true about S. aureus
A. it is cat
catala
alase
se neg
negati
ative
ve
B. can secrete preformed toxins
C. prefers
prefers anaer
anaerobic
obic conditi
condition
on
D. cannot grow in 7.5% NACL
Answer: B (p.199)
173.
Toxic shock syndrome secondary to Staphylococcus tend to commonly cause infection
among
A. tamp
tampon
on user
users
s
B. asth
astham
amti
tics
cs
C. IV drug
drug user
users
s
D. inf
infant
ants
Answer: A (p 201)
29
174.
A 14 year old male has high fever for a week, tonsillitis, hepatosplenomegaly and
cervical lymphadenopathy. Peripheral smear shows 10% atypical lymphocytes. The
most likely diagnosis is:
A. Streptoc
Streptococca
occall sore
sore throat
throat
B. leu
leukemia
emia
C. infectio
infectious
us monon
mononucle
ucleosis
osis
D. diph
diphth
ther
eria
ia
Answer: C (p 386)
175.
Streptococcal sore throat is definitively diagnosed by
A. ASO tititer
ter
B. throa
throatt swab
swab cultu
culture
re
C. rapid
rapid antigen
antigen testing
testing from
from throat
throat swab
D. Gram
Gram sta
stain
in
Answer: B (p 210)
176.
Which of the following, when positive, indicates an acute Epstein-Barr virus infection?
A. anti
anti-E
-EBN
BNA
A
B. anti
anti-V
-VCA
CA IgG
IgG
C. anti
anti-V
-VCA
CA IgM
IgM
D. anti
anti-E
-EBV
BV DNA
DNA
Answer: C (p 388)
177.
The hallmark of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is
A. throm
thrombo
bocyt
cytope
openia
nia
B. shock
C. plas
plasma
ma loss
loss
D. positive
positive tourniqu
tourniquet
et test
Answer: C (p 452)
178.
Dengue virus has how many serotypes?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
Answer: D ( p 452)
179.
The most common vector of Dengue virus is ( p 452)
A. Anop
Anophe
heles
les minimu
minimus
s
B. Mans
Manson
onia
ia sp.
sp.
C. Aede
Aedes
s aegy
aegypt
ptii
D. Aede
Aedes
s albo
albopic
pictu
tus
s
180.
A 1 year old girl has high fever for four days, coryza, hacking cough and poor
appetite. On PE, she has congested pharynx and Koplik’s spots. The causative agent of
this condition
A. is a DNA
DNA viru
virus
s
B. has
has thre
three
e sero
serotyp
types
es
C. belongs
belongs to the
the paramyxo
paramyxoviru
virus
s family
family
D. has doubledouble-stra
strande
nded
d RNA
RNA
Answer: C ( P482)
30
181.
Which of the following diseases is currently vaccine-preventable?
A. cytom
cytomeg
egal
alic
ic inclus
inclusion
ion disea
disease
se
B. German
man me
measl
asles
C. Dengue fever
D. Hepatitis C
Answer: B ( p 485)
182.
A 20 year old male developed fever, vomiting and poor appetite for four days
followed by jaundice. A diagnosis of viral hepatitis is entertained. The results
of the hepatitis profile are as follows: positive anti-HAV IgM, negative antiHBsAg, positive HBsAg, negative anti-HBc IgM. Which is correct?
The patient has acute Hepatitis A and is most likely a Hepatitis B carrier
B. He has
has acute
acute Hepat
Hepatiti
itis
sB
C. He has
has acute
acute Hepatit
Hepatitis
is C
D. He does
does not have
have acute
acute viral hepat
hepatitis
itis
A.
Answer: A ( p 411)
183.
The protective antibody following immunization against Hepatitis B is
A. anti
anti-H
-HBc
Bc IgM
IgM
B. anti
anti-H
-HBc
Bc IgG
IgG
C. anti
anti-H
-HBs
BsAg
Ag
D. anti
anti-H
-HCV
CV
Answer: C ( p 415)
184.
Which of the following agents of viral hepatitis is fecal-oral in transmission
and causes more severe disease in pregnant women?
A. Hepat
epatit
itis
is A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepa
Hepati
titi
tis
sC
D. Hepa
Hepati
titi
tis
sE
Answer: D ( p 408)
185.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) is caused by an agent which
has the following characteristic
A. doub
doublele-st
stran
rande
ded
d DNA
B. singl
single-s
e-stra
trande
nded
d RNA
RNA
C. doub
doublele-st
stran
rande
ded
d RNA
RNA
D. does
does not
not contain
contain nucleic
nucleic acid
acid
Answer: D ( p 500)
Human influenza virus which undergoes antigenic shift and can cause pandemics
influenza A
influenza B
influenza C
highly-pathogenic avian flflu
186.
.
.
.
.
Answer: A (p 463)
31
187.
Fetal hydrops is a prominent complication of maternal infection with
A.
rubella
B.
parvovirus B19
C.
measles
D.
cytomegalovirus
Answer: B ( p 357)
188.
188.
An 8 month
month old
old girl
girl develope
developed
d high
high fever
fever for three
three days
days but
but was other
otherwise
wise playf
playful.
ul. On
the fourth day, fever was gone but she had maculopapular rashes on the face
which rapidly spread all over the body. This common disease is caused by
A.
B.
C.
D.
measles
les viru
irus
huma
human
n he
herpes
rpesvi
viru
rus
s6
parvo
rvoviru
irus B1
B19
rube
rubellla virus
irus
Answer: B ( p389)
189.
189.
A 22 year
year old sex care
care worker
worker wante
wanted
d to be tested
tested for
for human
human immunode
immunodefici
ficienc
ency
y virus
(HIV). What test would you initially recommend?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Western bl
blot
HIV Elisa
CD4:CD8
CD8 ratio
tio
VDRL
Answer: B ( p 526)
190.
HIV infection causes the ratio of CD4 to CD8 T cell ratio to fall. CD4 T cells are also
called
A. T cyto
cytoto
toxi
xic
c cell
cells
s
B. cyto
cytoly
lyti
tic
c T cell
cells
s
C. T helpe
lper cell
ells
D. supp
suppre
ress
ssor
or T cel
cells
ls
Answer: C (p 521)
191.
The major function of CD8 T lymphocytes is
A. to kill
kill cells
cells infected
infected by intra
intracel
cellul
lular
ar pathoge
pathogens
ns like
like viruses
viruses
B. antibody
antibody-de
-depen
pendent
dent cellular
cellular cytotoxi
cytotoxicity
city
C. opsoniz
oniza
ation
ion
D. phago
agocyt
cytosis
Answer: A (p 116)
192.
A one and a half year old boy has recurrent bacterial pneumonia and middle ear
infection. An antibody deficiency is entertained. Antibodies are produced in large
quantities by
A. B lymp
ymphocy
ocytes
B. T lym
lymphocyt
cytes
C. plasma ce
cells
D. mast cells
Answer: C (p 125)
32
193.
Immunoglobulins aid phagocytosis because they can bind to phagocytes via
A. Fab rec
recept
eptors
ors
B. Fc re
receptors
C. CD4 rec
receptors
tors
D. C3b rece
ecepto
ptors
Answer: B ( p 125)
194.
The following virus/viruses exhibit/s latency in nerve ganglia
A. smallp
llpox viru
irus
B. chic
chicke
kenp
npo
ox viru
virus
s
C. cyto
cytome
mega
galo
lov
virus
irus
D. adenovirus
Answer: B (p 378)
195.
A virus which infects B lymphocytes by attaching to the latter’s complement
Receptors
A. cyto
cytome
mega
galo
lov
virus
irus
B. Epst
Epstei
einn-Ba
Barr
rr vir
virus
us
C. Japanese B encephalitis virus
D. HIV
Answer: B ( p 386)
196.
A 1 year old infant had exposure to a caregiver with cavitary tuberculosis. Chest
x-ray was negative. Mantoux test done showed induration of 12 mm after 2 days.
The Mantoux tuberculin test result is an example of
A. Type
Type I hyp
hyper
erse
sens
nsit
itiv
ivit
ity
y
B. Type
Type II
II hype
hypers
rsen
ensi
siti
tivi
vity
ty
C. delay
delayed
ed-ty
-type
pe hyp
hypers
ersen
ensit
sitivi
ivity
ty
D. Arth
rthus re
react
action
ion
Answer: C ( p 130)
197.
197.
The followi
following
ng are
are char
characte
acterist
ristics
ics of M.
M. tuberc
tuberculos
ulosis
is
A. have
have minim
minimal
al lipid
lipid content
content in their
their cell wall
B. canno
cannott be gro
grown
wn on
on artif
artifici
icial
al medi
media
a
C. retain
retain carbol
carbolfuch
fuchsin
sin dye
dye after
after exposu
exposure
re to acid-a
acid-alco
lcohol
hol
D. appea
appearr as rou
round
nd cha
chains
ins on Gram
Gram stain
stain
Answer: C ( p25)
198.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a late complication of infection with this virus
A. Varicella
B. Rubeola
C. West Ni
Nile virus
irus
D. poliovirus
Answer: B ( p483)
33
199.
199.
A newborn
newborn presents
presents with
with lethargy
lethargy,, purpura,
purpura, choriore
chorioretin
tinitis
itis and pulmon
pulmonary
ary infiltra
infiltrates.
tes.
Which of the following could be a cause of this syndrome?
A. Amebiasis
B. Candidiasis
C. Cyto
Cytome
mega
galo
lovi
viru
rus
s
D. Huma
Human
n papi
papill
llom
omav
avir
irus
us
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz.,23rd edition, page 445
200.
Which one of the following is a subcellular
subcellular structure
structure that is found only in Gram
Gram negative
negative
bacteria?
A. endospores
B. lipo
lipopo
poly
lysa
sacc
ccha
hari
ride
de
C. mitoc
itoch
hond
ondria
D. phosp
phospha
hatid
tidyl
yleth
ethano
anolam
lamine
ine
ANS: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 28
201.
Which one of the following statements
statements best
best describes
describes a function
function of the peptidoglycan
peptidoglycan
layer in bacteria?
A. The abilit
ability
y of bacteri
bacteria
a to survive
survive chan
changes
ges in the
the osmolari
osmolarity
ty of their
their
environment is due to the physical properties of the peptidoglycan
layer.
B. The peptid
peptidogly
oglycan
can layer
layer contains
contains all
all the enzymes
enzymes respo
responsib
nsible
le for the
synthesis of membrane phospholipids.
C. The peptid
peptidogly
oglycan
can layer
layer protect
protects
s bacteria
bacteria from
from the effects
effects of ultravi
ultraviole
olett
light.
D. The peptid
peptidolgy
olgycan
can layer
layer renders
renders Gram
Gram negative
negative bacter
bacteria
ia resistan
resistantt to
detergents.
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 22
202.
4. Which
Which one
one of the following
following structures
structures is responsible
responsible for the passage
passage of low molecular
molecular
weight solutes through the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria?
A. capsules
B. endospores
C. flagella
D. porins
ANS: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 27
203.
Your patient, suffering from a bacterial
bacterial infection,
infection, receives
receives a penicillin
penicillin injection and
almost immediately experiences respiratory distress and loses consciousness. This
reaction is MOST LIKELY mediated by
A. comp
comple
leme
ment
nt..
B. CD8+
CD8+ cytol
cytolyti
ytic
c T cells
cells..
C. macr
macrop
opha
hage
ges.
s.
D. mast
mast cell
cells.
s.
ANS: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 140
34
204.
204.
Which
Which one of thes
these
e statemen
statements
ts explain
explains
s the origin
origin of Rh
Rh antibodie
antibodies
s in the blood
blood of an
Rh-negative mother?
A. They are
are naturally
naturally occurring
occurring in the blood of all Rh-negative
Rh-negative persons.
persons.
B. They are
are received
received through
through mis-match
mis-matched
ed blood transfusions.
transfusions.
C. They are
are synthesized
synthesized by the mother
mother in response
response to Rh-positiv
Rh-positive
e cells
from her first child.
D. They are transferre
transferred
d from the Rh-positive
Rh-positive father
father during
during intercourse.
intercourse.
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 135
205.
Which one of the following bacterial pathogens requires selective culture conditions for
reliable isolation from the stool, including media with antibiotics and incubation at 42 ° C
in increased CO2?
A. Camp
Campyl
ylob
obac
acte
terr jeju
jejuni
ni
B. Enter
Enterohe
ohemo
morr
rrhag
hagic
ic Esche
Escheric
richi
hia
a coli
C. Salmon
lmonel
ella
la sp.
D. Shigella sp.
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 273
206.
206.
11. Which
Which one of the
the followin
following
g is considere
considered
d facultati
facultatively
vely intrac
intracellu
ellular
lar for human
human
macrophages?
A. Enter
Enteroin
oinva
vasiv
sive
e Esch
Escher
erich
ichia
ia col
colii
B. Enter
Enteroto
otoxig
xigen
enic
ic Esche
Escheric
richia
hia col
colii
C. Salm
Salmon
onel
ella
la typh
yphi
D. Shigella sp.
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 258
207.
A 20-year-old
20-year-old female presents with severe
severe pelvic pain, fever,
fever, nausea and vomiting.
vomiting. She
was on the second day of her menstrual cycle. A purulent cervical discharge was
detected upon physical examination. Oxidase positive, Gram-negative diplococci were
isolated on Thayer Martin agar from the endocervical swab. What is the MOST LIKELY
identity of this organism?
A. Bord
Bordete
etella
lla pert
pertuss
ussis
is
B. Chlam
Chlamyd
ydia
ia trachom
trachomat
atis
is
C. Haem
Haemop
ophil
hilus
us ducreyi
ducreyi
D. Neisse
Neisseria
ria gonorrh
gonorrhoea
oeae
e
ANS: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 295
208.
208.
A large
large outbrea
outbreak
k of food poiso
poisonin
ning
g occurred
occurred at
at a company
company picnic
picnic.. Eighty
Eighty people
people
reported explosive vomiting and diarrhea within 3 hours after eating. All of the victims
recovered within 24 hours without medical intervention. No known bacterial or viral
pathogens were isolated from the stool of affected individuals. A survey of the food
eaten at the picnic suggested that potato salad was the common source of the
poisoning. The individual who prepared the salad had a sty on her left eye. Which one
of the following is the MOST LIKELY cause of this outbreak?
A. Clostri
Clostridium
dium perfring
perfringens
ens
B. Salmo
Salmone
nella
lla typhimu
typhimuriu
rium
m
C. Staphy
Staphyloco
lococcu
ccus
s aureus
aureus
D. Staphyl
Staphylococ
ococcus
cus epide
epidermid
rmidis
is
35
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 223
209.
Gram-positive
Gram-positive cocci and polymorphonucle
polymorphonuclear
ar leukocytes
leukocytes are observed on Gram
Gram stain of
sputum from a 60-year old alcoholic with pneumonia. Culture of the sputum reveals
alpha-hemolytic, catalase-negative bacteria. Which one of the following laboratory tests
is the MOST APPROPRIATE next step in the definitive identification of this organism?
A. bacitra
bacitracin
cin sensiti
sensitivity
vity test
B. beta-la
beta-lactam
ctamase
ase produ
productio
ction
n test
test
C. ELEK
ELEK test
test
D. bile
bile solu
solubi
bili
lity
ty test
test
ANS: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 236
210.
210.
A 19-year
19-year old femal
female
e is admitted
admitted to an outpati
outpatient
ent clinic
clinic with
with suprapub
suprapubic
ic pain,
pain, dysuria
dysuria
and an urgency to urinate frequently. She is otherwise healthy. A clean catch
midstream urine specimen was collected and sent to the laboratory. Numerous
neutrophils are detected in the urine sample. The bacteriology laboratory reports that
less than 102 Gram-positive cocci and greater than 105 Gram-negative bacilli were
recovered per milliliter of urine. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of
her infection?
A. Esch
Escher
eric
ich
hia coli
coli
B. Kleb
Klebsi
siel
ella
la pneu
pneumo
moni
niae
ae
C. Pseu
Pseudo
domo
mona
nas
s aeru
aerugi
gino
nosa
sa
D. Stap
Staphy
hylo
loco
cocc
ccus
us aure
aureus
us
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 252
211.
211.
A 40-year
40-year old male
male hog
hog farmer
farmer complai
complains
ns of interm
intermitte
ittent
nt fever,
fever, night
night sweats
sweats and
and
headaches to his physician. The patient is hospitalized and blood and bone marrow
specimens are collected. The physician requests that the laboratory incubate the
cultures for at least 6 weeks. Nine days after admission, Gram negative coccobacilli that
require increased CO2 for growth are isolated from the blood and bone marrow
cultures. The patient is most likely to be suffering from which one of the following
diseases?
A. Brucellosis
B. Bubonic
onic plag
lague
C. Legi
Legion
onna
nair
ire’
e’s
s dis
disea
ease
se
D. Rock
Rocky
y Mou
Mounta
ntain
in spot
spotted
ted fever
fever
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 284
212.
Which one of the following diseases is most likely to respond favorably to treatment with
a β -lactam antibiotic?
A. Legi
Legion
onel
ello
losi
sis
s
B. Myco
Mycopl
plas
asmo
mosi
sis
s
C. Syph
Syphil
ilis
is
D. Trach
rachom
oma
a
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 334
36
213.
213.
A 20-year
20-year old woman
woman comes
comes to your
your clinic
clinic complain
complaining
ing of an irritati
irritating
ng vaginal
vaginal disch
discharge
arge..
Upon examination, you find that the cervix and vaginal walls
walls appear normal. The
discharge is thin and milky, pH 5.5, and has a fishy odor when treated with potassium
hydroxide. You are unable to detect pseudohyphae, buds, or flagellates upon
microscopic examination. A Gram stain reveals numerous curved Gram-negative rods,
epithelial cells, and clue cells,
cells, but relatively few Gram-positive
Gram-positive rods or WBCs.
WBCs. Cervical
and vaginal cultures are negative for STDs. What is your diagnosis?
A. Bacte
Bacteria
riall vagi
vagino
nosis
sis
B. Cervi
ervici
citi
tis
s
C. Trich
Trichom
omon
onias
iasis
is
D. Vagin
Vaginal
al candidi
candidias
asis
is
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 316
214.
214.
A 75-year
75-year old man
man in a nursin
nursing
g home is treat
treated
ed with a broad
broad spect
spectrum
rum antibi
antibiotic
otic for
for bed
sores. Two days later he develops bloody diarrhea. A stool specimen from the patient
is positive in an ELISA test for a necrotizing cytotoxin, and his treatment is switched to
vancomycin. The agent MOST LIKELY to be responsible for this clinical syndrome is
A. Bacte
Bactero
roide
ides
s fragili
fragilis.
s.
B. Camp
Campylo
ylobac
bacter
ter jejun
jejuni.
i.
C. Clostri
Clostridiu
dium
m difficil
difficile.
e.
D. Escheri
Escherichia
chia coli O157:H7
O157:H7..
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 209
215.
215.
Which
Which one of the
the followi
following
ng toxins
toxins is respon
responsibl
sible
e for scalde
scalded
d skin syndro
syndrome?
me?
A. Alph
Alpha
a hemol
hemolys
ysin
in
B. Exfo
Exfoli
liat
atin
in
C. Hyalu
Hyaluro
ronid
nidas
ase
e
D. Staphyl
Staphylococ
ococcal
cal enter
enterotox
otoxin
in
ANS: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 225
216.
216.
A 50-year
50-year old cancer
cancer patien
patientt with severe
severe neutrop
neutropenia
enia becam
became
e septic
septic two weeks
weeks after
after
being admitted to the hospital. An oxidase-positive, Gram-negative rod that did not
ferment glucose was isolated from the patient’s blood. Which one of the following
organisms is the most likely cause of the patient’s sepsis?
A. Enter
Enteroba
obacte
cterr cloacae
cloacae
B. Esch
Escheri
erich
chia
ia coli
coli
C. Klebsie
Klebsiella
lla pneumo
pneumoniae
niae
D. Pseudo
Pseudomon
monas
as aeru
aerugin
ginosa
osa
ANS: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 262
217.
Blood culture from a 12-year
12-year old with acute
acute osteomye
osteomyelitis
litis yields
yields Gram-pos
Gram-positive
itive cocci
cocci that
that
are b hemolytic and catalase positive. Which one of the following laboratory tests is the
MOST APPROPRIATE next step in the definitive identification of this organism?
A. Coag
Coagul
ulas
ase
e test
test
B. Optoch
Optochin
in sensitiv
sensitivity
ity test
C. Slide agglutinatio
agglutination
n test for capsular
capsular antigen
antigen type
type
D. Test
Test for capacit
capacity
y to grow
grow in bile esculi
esculin
n
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 225
37
218.
218.
Activat
Activated
ed macroph
macrophages
ages are
are the effector
effector cells
cells in the expres
expression
sion of a protect
protective,
ive, cellcellmediated immune response against
A. Coryne
Corynebact
bacteriu
erium
m diphth
diphtheria
eriae.
e.
B. Haemop
Haemophilu
hilus
s influen
influenzae
zae type
type b.
b.
C. Listeri
Listeria
a mono
monocyto
cytogen
genes.
es.
D. Strepto
Streptococ
coccus
cus pneum
pneumonia
oniae.
e.
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 152
219.
A patient
patient recovering
recovering from a crushing
crushing leg
leg injury
injury suffered
suffered during
during an
an a motorcycle
motorcycle accident
accident
develops a temperature of 100o F, a rapid pulse, and extreme pain at the site of his the
wound two days after the accident. The skin overlying the patient’s sutured wound is
brownish- white, shiny, and studded with vesicles. Gram stain of the watery exudate
from the wound reveals Gram-positive rods, Gram-negative rods, and Gram-positive
cocci. The Gram-positive
Gram-positive rods are
are MOST LIKELY
A. Baci
Bacillu
llus
s cereu
cereus.
s.
B. Bacte
Bactero
roide
ides
s fragili
fragilis.
s.
C. Clostri
Clostridiu
dium
m perfri
perfringe
ngens.
ns.
D. Coryne
Corynebact
bacteriu
erium
m ulcera
ulcerans.
ns.
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 208
220.
220.
A 13-year
13-year old
old and her
her 10-yea
10-yearr old brothe
brotherr are seen
seen at an
an emergen
emergency
cy room
room with
with
complaints of double vision, difficulty swallowing, and progressive muscular weakness.
A detailed history reveals that both children attended a church picnic three days earlier
but neither child has gastroenteritis. The MOST LIKELY presumptive diagnosis is
botulism .
A. botulism.
B. Chin
Chines
ese
e ric
rice
e syn
syndr
drom
ome.
e.
C. Guil
Guilla
lann-Ba
Barr
rré
é syndr
syndrom
ome.
e.
D. salmo
lmonello
llosis.
is.
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 206
221.
Epidemics
Epidemics of bacterial
bacterial meningitis
meningitis in young,
young, previously
previously healthy adults are MOST
MOST LIKELY
LIKELY
caused by
A. Esch
Escheri
erich
chia
ia coli
coli K-1.
K-1.
B. Haemop
Haemophilu
hilus
s influen
influenzae
zae type
type b.
b.
C. Listeri
Listeria
a mono
monocyto
cytogene
genes.
s.
D. Neisse
Neisseria
ria mening
meningitid
itidis
is group
group A.
ANS: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 303
222.
222.
A 55-year
55-year old woman
woman develops
develops endocar
endocarditis
ditis follow
following
ing oral
oral surgery.
surgery. Gram-pos
Gram-positiv
itive,
e,
alpha-hemolytic, catalase-negative cocci are isolated from a blood culture. The MOST
LIKELY agent is
A. Enterococcus
Enterococcus faecalis (group D streptoco
streptococci).
cci).
B. Staphyl
Staphylococ
ococcus
cus aureus.
aureus.
C. Streptococcus
Streptococcus pyogenes
pyogenes (group A streptococc
streptococci).
i).
D. Viridan
Viridans
s strepto
streptococc
cocci.
i.
ANS: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 236
38
223.
A 2-month
2-month old
old infant
infant is admitted to the hospital with fever,
fever, lymphocy
lymphocytosis,
tosis, and bouts
bouts of
of
violent coughing that often end in vomiting. The infant’s mother reveals that the child
has not as yet received any immunizations. The attending physician swabs the infant’s
nasopharynx and requests that the swab be plated on routine media as well as a
special medium (Bordet-Gengou) that contains blood and glycerol. No organisms are
found on blood or chocolate agar, but small Gram-negative rods are isolated on BordetGengou agar. The MOST LIKELY cause of the infant’s illness is
A. Bordet
Bordetella
ella pertuss
pertussis.
is.
B. Chlam
Chlamyd
ydia
ia pneumo
pneumonia
niae.
e.
C. Moraxel
Moraxella
la catarrha
catarrhalis.
lis.
D. Mycoplas
Mycoplasma
ma pneumo
pneumonia
niae.
e.
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 282
224.
Which one of the following viruses establishes
establishes a chronic persistent
persistent infection
infection in
in humans?
humans?
A. Hepat
Hepatiti
itis
s A virus
virus
B. Hepat
Hepatiti
itis
s C viru
virus
s
C. Herp
Herpes
esvi
viru
rus
s
D. Poli
Poliov
ovir
irus
us
ANSWER: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 475-476
225.
225.
Which
Which one of the follow
following
ing viruses
viruses is transmi
transmitted
tted via
via the gastroi
gastrointes
ntestina
tinall route?
route?
A. Delta-a
Delta-asso
ssociat
ciated
ed agent
agent
B. Hepa
Hepati
titi
tis
sA
C. Hepa
Hepati
titi
tis
sB
D. Hepa
Hepati
titi
tis
sC
ANSWER: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 474
226.
226.
A 33-year33-year-old
old pregna
pregnant
nt woman
woman deliver
delivered
ed a baby boy via
via a normal vagin
vaginal
al delivery.
delivery.
Neither she nor the father has a history of genital or oral herpes. Although she had
chickenpox as a child, she was exposed to a child with chickenpox about 10 days
before delivery. There was no evidence of vesicular skin lesions on either the mother
or the child at the time of delivery. Three days after birth, the baby now develops
vesicular skin lesions on his back, accompanied by a fever. Which one of the following
viruses is MOST LIKELY to be the cause of the baby's infection?
A. Cytom
Cytomeg
egalo
alovir
virus
us
B. Herpes
Herpes simplex
simplex virus
virus type
type 1
C. Herpes
Herpes simplex
simplex virus
virus type 2
D. Huma
Human
n herpe
herpesvi
sviru
rus
s6
ANSWER: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 434
227.
227.
Examinat
Examination
ion by dark-f
dark-field
ield micro
microscop
scopy
y of scrapings
scrapings from
from a genital
genital ulcer
ulcer of 19-year
19-year old
female reveals mobile, spiral-shaped organisms against a black background. The
MOST LIKELY diagnosis is
A. chancroid.
B. Chlam
Chlamyd
ydia
ia trach
trachom
omati
atis
s infect
infection
ion..
C. gonorrhea.
D. syphilis.
ANS: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 333
39
228.
228.
Gram-p
Gram-posit
ositive
ive cocci
cocci are
are observe
observed
d on a Gram stain
stain of
of purulent
purulent disch
discharge
arge from
from a skin
skin
lesion of a 7-year-old. Culture of the exudate reveals beta-hemolytic, catalase-positive
organisms. Which one of the following laboratory tests is the MOST APPROPRIATE
next step in the definitive identification of this organism?
A. Bacitr
Bacitrac
acin
in sens
sensiti
itivit
vity
y test
test
B. Bile
ile solu
solubi
bili
lity
ty tes
testt
C. Coagulase
ase te
test
D. Opto
Optoch
chin
in sen
sensi
siti
tivi
vity
ty tes
testt
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 227
229.
229.
Which
Which one of the
the followin
following
g species
species or serov
serovars
ars of Chlam
Chlamydia
ydia can
can be transm
transmitte
itted
d as a
zoonotic infection?
A. Chla
Chlamy
mydi
dia
a pneu
pneumo
moni
niae
ae
B. Chla
Chlamy
mydi
dia
a psit
psitta
taci
ci
C. Chlam
Chlamyd
ydia
ia tra
tracho
choma
matis
tis serova
serovarr C
D. Chlam
Chlamyd
ydia
ia tra
tracho
choma
matis
tis serova
serovarr D
ANS: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 365
230.
230.
Gram
Gram stain of synovi
synovial
al fluid from
from the knee
knee of a 20-year-o
20-year-old
ld woman
woman with arthri
arthritis
tis reveals
reveals
Gram-negative cocci. To isolate the MOST LIKELY responsible agent, the specimen
should be plated on
A. Bord
Bordet
et-G
-Gen
engo
gou
u agar
agar..
B. Chocolate agar .
C. Eosin
Eosin Meth
Methyle
ylene
ne Blue
Blue (EMB)
(EMB) agar.
agar.
D. MacC
MacCon
onk
key agar.
gar.
ANS: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 709
231.
231.
The forma
formation
tion of colon
colonic
ic ulcers
ulcers and
and absesses
absesses durin
during
g Shigella
Shigella dysen
dysentery
tery is due
due to
A. ability of bacteria to survive stomach acidity because of the production
of urease.
B. bacteri
bacterial
al survival
survival within
within macrop
macrophage
hages.
s.
C. invasion of enterocytes and cell-to-cell spread of the bacteria.
D. producti
production
on of
of a superant
superantigen
igen by the
the bacil
bacillus.
lus.
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 255-256
232.
232.
Which
Which one of the
the followi
following
ng organis
organisms
ms is the
the MOST COMMO
COMMON
N cause
cause of bacteri
bacterial
al
traveler’s diarrhea?
A. Camp
Campyl
ylob
obac
acte
terr jeju
jejuni
ni
B. ente
enterot
rotox
oxige
igeni
nic
c Esche
Escheric
richi
hia
a coli
coli
C. Salm
Salmon
onel
ella
la cho
chole
lera
rasu
suis
is
D. Shige
igella
lla son
sonne
neii
ANS: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 252
40
233.
233.
Dissemi
Disseminati
nation
on of Salmonel
Salmonella
la typhi from
from the intestine
intestine to extrain
extraintest
testinal
inal sites
sites requires
requires
survival of this pathogen in which one of the following host cells?
A.
Colonic enterocytes
B.
Gastric epithelial cells
C.
M cells
D.
Macrophages
ANS: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 257-258
234.
234.
Gram
Gram stain of cerebr
cerebrospi
ospinal
nal fluid
fluid from a 3-year3-year-old
old child
child with fever,
fever, petech
petechiae,
iae, stiff
stiff neck
neck
and positive Kernig and Brudzinski's signs reveals PMNs and a few Gram-negative
cocci. The MOST LIKELY agent is
A. Esch
Escher
eric
ichi
hia
a coli
coli..
B. Haem
Haemop
ophil
hilus
us infl
influe
uenz
nzae
ae type
type b.
b.
C. Neis
Neisse
seri
ria
a menin
meningi
giti
tidi
dis.
s.
D. Streptoc
Streptococcu
occus
s agalac
agalactiae
tiae (group
(group B streptoc
streptococci
occi ).
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 302
235.
235.
Listeria
Listeria monoc
monocytog
ytogene
enes
s infection
infection of
of an adult
adult is MOST
MOST LIKELY
LIKELY to be acquir
acquired
ed by
A. inge
ingesti
stion
on of
of cont
contami
amina
nated
ted food
food..
B. inhala
inhalatio
tion
n of contam
contamina
inated
ted aero
aerosa
sals.
ls.
C. inoculat
inoculation
ion with a contami
contaminate
nated
d needl
needle.
e.
D. perso
person-t
n-to-p
o-pers
erson
on conta
contact.
ct.
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 217
236.
236.
What
What is the mechanis
mechanism
m of action
action of
of the antifu
antifunga
ngall drug fluco
fluconaz
nazole?
ole?
A. Binds to ergosterol
ergosterol resulting in membrane
membrane disruption
disruption
B. Inhibi
Inhibits
ts ergoster
ergosterol
ol synthe
synthesis
sis
C. Inhibit
Inhibits
s protei
protein
n synthe
synthesis
sis
D. Inhibit
Inhibits
s RNA
RNA synthes
synthesis
is
ANS: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 652-653
237.
237.
A 10-yea
10-year-ol
r-old
d with
with a dog
dog complai
complains
ns of a “bump”
“bump” on the
the back
back of
of his head.
head. He says
says its
its
redness and itching have increased over the last three weeks. The lesion is several
centimeters in diameter, with hair involvement and scaling. Examination of several of
his hairs in a KOH preparation reveals hyphae in and
and around the hair shafts. What is
your diagnosis?
A. Acti
Actino
nomy
myco
cosi
sis
s
B. Cand
Candid
idia
iasi
sis
s
C. Pityria
Pityriasis
sis versicol
versicolor
or
D. Tine
Tinea
a capi
capiti
tis
s
ANSWER: D, Tinea capitis
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 632
238.
238.
You are
are assign
assigned
ed to a hospita
hospitall in Phoeni
Phoenix,
x, Arizon
Arizona.
a. Several
Several patie
patients
nts have
have been
been
admitted in the past week with cough, chest pain, fever, and pneumonitis that has not
responded to antibacterial therapy. You discover that most of the patients are new
new
arrivals to Arizona who had been working outdoors during the dusty wind storms that
had occurred over the past
past few weeks. The causative organism is observed in a KOH
preparation of sputum. What is your presemptive diagnosis?
41
A.
B.
C.
D.
Blas
Blasto
tomy
myco
cosi
sis
s
Coccidi
Coccidioido
oidomyco
mycosis
sis
Histo
Histopl
plasm
asmos
osis
is
Psit
Psitta
taco
cosi
sis
s
ANSWER: B, Coccidioidomycosis
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 637-638
239.
239.
A 65-year-o
65-year-old
ld male develops
develops endocar
endocarditi
ditis
s following
following urinary
urinary catheter
catheterizat
ization.
ion. GramGrampositive, catalase-negative cocci are isolated from a blood culture. The MOST LIKELY
agent is
A. Enterococcus faecalis (group D streptococci)
B. Stap
Staphy
hylo
loco
cocc
ccus
us aur
aureu
eus.
s.
C. Staph
Staphylo
ylococ
coccu
cus
s epide
epiderm
rmidi
idis.
s.
D. Streptoc
Streptococcu
occus
s pyoge
pyogenes
nes (grou
(group
p A strep
streptoco
tococci)
cci)..
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 235
240.
240.
A 22-year22-year-old
old develop
develops
s an abcess
abcess in his periton
peritoneum
eum follow
following
ing rupture
rupture of his
his appendix
appendix..
Gram stain of the exudate from his foul-smelling abcess reveals numerous
polymorphonuclear leukocytes, Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive rods, and Gramnegative rods. Aerobic culture of the exudate at 37o C on blood and MacConkey agar
plates yields only enterococci (group D streptococci). The Gram-negative rods are
MOST LIKELY
A. Bact
Bacter
eroi
oide
des
s frag
fragil
ilis
is
B. Esch
Escher
eric
ichi
hia
a coli
coli
C. Pseu
Pseudo
domo
mona
nas
s aeru
aerugi
gino
nosa
sa
D. Shig
Shigel
ella
la dyse
dysent
nter
eria
iae.
e.
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 309
241.
Several people become ill within
within two hours after leaving
leaving a summer
summer reunion
reunion picnic. The
majority of people complain of vomiting and diarrhea without fever, and recovered within
24 hours after the onset of symptoms. The contaminated food is determined to be a
bowl of coleslaw prepared by someone with a stye on her left eyelid. Which one of the
following is the MOST LIKELY source of the food poisoning?
A. Clos
Clostr
trid
idiu
ium
m botu
botuli
linu
num
m
B. Clos
Clostr
trid
idiu
ium
m perf
perfri
ring
ngen
ens
s
C. Stap
Staphy
hylo
loco
cocc
ccus
us aure
aureus
us
D. Shige
igella
lla son
sonne
neii
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 226
242.
242.
A 35-year35-year-old
old female
female presen
presents
ts with fever,
fever, headac
headache
he and a non-prod
non-producti
uctive
ve cough.
cough. The
The
patient is prescribed penicillin and sent home. Two weeks later, she returns with similar
symptoms. A Gram stain and routine culture of the patient's sputum reveal only normal
mouth flora. Sputum is then cultured on specialized medium containing sterols, and,
after two days, tiny colonies were visible under a microscope. Which one of the
following organisms does the physician suspect is the cause of the patient's
pneumonia?
A. Coryn
Coryneb
ebact
acteri
erium
um dipht
diphther
heriae
iae
B. Haem
Haemop
ophil
hilus
us influe
influenz
nzae
ae type
type b
C. Legionella pneumophila
D. Myco
Mycopl
plas
asma
ma pne
pneum
umon
onia
iae
e
42
ANS: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 345
243.
243.
A 70-year70-year-old
old male,
male, who is a chain-s
chain-smok
moker,
er, complai
complains
ns of fever,
fever, diarrhe
diarrhea,
a, cough
cough and
chest pain. Evidence of pneumonia is seen by chest X-ray. Due to the inability of the
patient to produce a sputum specimen, a transtrachial aspirate is obtained. No
respiratory bacterial pathogen is isolated from aspirated fluid cultured on blood agar
plates. However, poorly staining Gram-negative rods are isolated on buffered charcoalyeast extract (BCYE) agar after three days of incubation. The physician had already
begun treatment with erythromycin due to the detection of bacilli in the aspirated fluid
using a fluorescently-labeled monoclonal antibody specific for the causative agent. The
MOST LIKELY pathogen responsible for this pneumonia is
A. Haemop
Haemophilu
hilus
s influen
influenzae
zae
B. Legion
Legionella
ella pneumo
pneumophi
phila
la
C. Mycoplas
Mycoplasma
ma pneumon
pneumoniae
iae
D. Neisseria meningitides
ANS: B, Legionella pneumophila
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 313
244.
244.
Which
Which one
one of the
the follow
following
ing fung
fungii exhibit
exhibits
s therma
thermall dimorph
dimorphism?
ism?
A. Aspergillus
Aspergillus fumigatus
fumigatus
B. Candida tropicalis.
tropicalis.
C. Cryptococcus
Cryptococcus neoformans
D. Histoplasma
Histoplasma capsulatum
Answer: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 640
245.
An otherwise
otherwise healthy 35-year-old
35-year-old female
female florist
florist presented
presented to her
her primary
primary care
care physician
physician
complaining of a persistent lesion on the third digit of her left hand. This had been
present for several weeks and showed no sign of resolving. Upon examination, the
patient was found to have a mild fever (1000F), the aforementioned lesion and two
nodules on her left forearm. A biopsy of the lesion was performed, and the pathology
report indicated the presence of numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a rare
elongated budding yeast. What is the MOST LIKELY etiologic agent?
A. Blas
Blasto
tomy
myce
ces
s derm
dermat
atit
itid
idis
is
B. Spor
Sporot
othr
hrix
ix sche
schenc
ncki
kiii
C. Hist
Histop
opla
lasm
sma
a caps
capsul
ulat
atum
um
D. Noca
Nocard
rdia
ia aste
astero
roid
ides
es
Answer: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 632-633
246.
246.
Mode of trans
transmis
mission
sion of Trich
Trichomo
omonas
nas vaginal
vaginalis
is is:
is:
A. Inge
Ingest
stio
ion
n of inf
infes
este
ted
d beef
beef
B. Skin
Skin con
conta
tact
ct with
with larv
larvae
ae
C. Mos
Mosquito
ito bit
bites
D. Sexual
ANS:D Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 663-664
247.
Mode of transmission of Enterobius vermicularis is:
A. Sexual
B. Blac
Blackf
kfly
ly bit
bites
es
C. Lous
Louse
e bite
bites
s
D. Feca
Fecall-or
oral
al
43
Ans. D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 689
248.
Oxygen requirements of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is:
A. Aero
erobic
B. Facu
Faculta
ltativ
tive
e anaero
anaerobe
be
C. Microa
Microaer
eroph
ophili
ilic
c
D. Oblig
Obligate
ate ana
anaero
erobe
be
Ans. A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 295
249.
Mode of transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi is:
A. Direct
Direct conta
contact
ct with
with animals
animals
B. Coni
Conidia
dia inhala
inhalatio
tion
n
C. Sexual
D. Tick
Tick bite
bites
s
Ans. D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 336
250.
Therapy of Vibrio cholerae is:
A. TMP-SMX
B. ORS
C. Ceft
Ceftri
riax
axon
one
e
D. Eryt
Erythr
hrom
omyc
ycin
in
Ans. B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 271
251.
Family of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Measles virus is:
Param
Paramyx
yxovi
ovirid
ridae
ae
Rhab
Rhabdo
dovi
viri
rida
dae
e
Ortho
Orthomy
myxo
xovir
virida
idae
e
Flav
Flaviv
ivir
irid
idae
ae
Ans. A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 550
252.
Family of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hepatitis A virus is:
Papo
Papova
vavi
viri
rida
dae
e
Hepa
Hepadn
dnav
avir
irid
idae
ae
Parv
Parvov
ovir
irid
idae
ae
Pico
Picorna
rnavir
virid
idae
ae
Ans. D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 466
253.
Phenotypic characteristic of Streptococcus pyogenes is:
A. Alph
Alpha-h
a-hem
emoly
olytic
tic
B. Oxida
xidase
se "+"
"+"
C. H2S "-"
D. BetaBeta-he
hemo
molyt
lytic
ic
Ans. D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 235
44
254.
Mode of transmission of Rickettsia prowazekii is:
A. Drop
Drople
lett nucl
nuclei
ei
B. Direct
Direct contact
contact with
with anima
animals
ls
C. Lous
Louse
e bit
bites
es
D. Woun
Wound
d infe
infect
ction
ion
Ans. C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 350
255.
Phenotypic characteristic of Gonococcus is:
A.
Fastidious
B.
Mycolic acid in cell wa
wall
C.
Catalase "-"
D.
Non-lactose fe
fermenter
Ans. A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 295
256.
256.
Staphylo
Staphylococc
coccal
al food
food poisonin
poisoning
g is the result
result of
A. a heat
heat lab
labil
ile
e ente
entero
roto
toxi
xin.
n.
B. ingesti
ingestion
on of a pre-formed
pre-formed entero
enterotox
toxin
in produce
produced
d by Staphylo
Staphylococc
coccus
us
aureus during bacterial multiplication in contaminated food.
C. ingestio
ingestion
n and multiplica
multiplication
tion of coagulas
coagulase-n
e-negat
egative
ive Staphylo
Staphylococc
coccus
us sp.
D. multipl
multiplicat
ication
ion of Staphy
Staphyloco
lococcu
ccus
s aureus
aureus in the smal
smalll intestine
intestine..
ANS: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 225
257.
A 19-year-ol
19-year-old
d soldier
soldier develops
develops fever, carditis, and migratory
migratory polyarthrit
polyarthritis.
is. While
While taking
taking
her history, the patient remembers that she had a "sore throat" three weeks previously.
A throat culture of the patient yields normal flora only. The laboratory result MOST
CONSISTENT with these findings is that the patient has high titers of antibody to:
A. menin
meningoc
gococc
occal
al lipoo
lipoolig
ligos
osacc
accha
harid
ride.
e.
B. pneum
pneumoc
ococc
occal
al IgA
IgA protea
protease
se..
C. pneum
pneumoc
ococc
occal
al polys
polysacc
accha
harid
ride.
e.
D. stre
strept
pto
olysi
lysin
n O.
ANS: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 234
258.
258.
A 65-year65-year-old
old man
man with a colonic
colonic tumor
tumor undergoe
undergoes
s a bowel resec
resection
tion.. Three days
days later,
later,
the patient develops a fever, and the drainage from the surgical site is foul smelling.
The skin near the site of the drainage is markedly erythematous. Gram stain of the
drainage reveals Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods. Aerobic culture of the
drainage yields streptococci. The Gram-negative rod seen on Gram stain was most
likely:
A. Bact
Bacter
eroi
oide
des
s frag
fragil
ilis
is
B. Clos
Clostr
trid
idiu
ium
m perf
perfri
ring
ngen
ens
s
C. Esch
Escher
eric
ichi
hia
a coli
coli
D. Pseu
Pseudo
domo
mona
nas
s aeru
aerugi
gino
nosa
sa
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 306
259.
259.
A 50-year50-year-old
old rancher
rancher scrap
scrapes
es his hand
hand with clipper
clippers
s while sheari
shearing
ng sheep.
sheep. Two
Two days
later he notices an ulcer surrounded by vesicles at the site of the wound. Eight days
after the injury, the wound develops a black necrotic center (eschar) surrounded by
45
edematous fluid. The rancher experiences mild systemic symptoms. The most likely
cause of the infection is:
A. Baci
Bacill
llus
us anth
anthra
raci
cis.
s.
B. Clos
Clostr
trid
idiu
ium
m teta
tetani
ni..
C. Neis
Neisse
seri
ria
a meni
mening
ngit
itid
idis
is..
D. Streptoc
Streptococcu
occus
s pyoge
pyogenes
nes (grou
(group
p A strep
streptoco
tococci)
cci)..
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 202-203
260.
260.
A 19-year19-year-old
old colleg
college
e sophomor
sophomore
e dies 24 hours
hours after
after the
the develo
developmen
pmentt of fever,
fever,
petechiae, purpura, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Culture of
cerebrospinal fluid and blood obtained from the patient on admission to the hospital
MOST LIKELY yielded:
A. Gram-neg
Gram-negativ
ative,
e, lactose
lactose ferment
fermenting
ing rods.
rods.
B. Gram-ne
Gram-negat
gative,
ive, oxidase
oxidase positiv
positive
e diplo
diplococ
cocci.
ci.
C. Gram-pos
Gram-positiv
itive,
e, catalase
catalase negativ
negative
e cocci.
cocci.
D. Gram-pos
Gram-positiv
itive,
e, catalase
catalase positiv
positive
e cocci.
cocci.
ANS: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 302
261.
The blood
blood culture
culture of a patient with a presumptive
presumptive diagnosis
diagnosis of endocarditis
endocarditis yields
yields nonnonhemolytic colonies of Gram-positive cocci. The isolate is catalase negative, can grow in
6.5% NaCl, and is resistant to penicillin. The isolate is MOST LIKELY:
Enterococci .
A. Enterococci.
B. Streptoc
Streptococcu
occus
s agalac
agalactiae
tiae (group
(group B streptoc
streptococci
occi).
).
C. Stre
Strept
ptoc
ococ
occu
cus
s bovi
bovis.
s.
D. Streptoc
Streptococcu
occus
s mutan
mutans
s (Virid
(Viridans
ans streptoc
streptoccoci
coci).
).
ANS: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 233
262.
262.
A 25-year25-year-old,
old, previo
previousl
usly
y healthy
healthy woman
woman develop
develops
s fever
fever within
within 24 hours of delive
delivery
ry of
an infant born 6 weeks prematurely. Blood culture of the mother reveals Gram-positive
cocci that are catalase negative, beta-hemolytic on blood agar, and resistant to
bacitracin. The MOST LIKELY cause of the bacteremia is:
A. Ente
Entero
roco
cocc
cci.
i.
B. Staphyl
Staphylococ
ococcus
cus aureus.
aureus.
C. Streptococcus
Streptococcus agalactiae
agalactiae (group
(group B streptococ
streptococci).
ci).
D. Strepto
Streptococ
coccus
cus pneum
pneumonia
oniae.
e.
ANS: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 233
263.
An HIV-infec
HIV-infected
ted homosex
homosexual
ual man
man presents
presents with Kaposi's sarcoma.
sarcoma. Which
Which viral genome
genome
is MOST LIKELY to be present in his tumor biopsy?
A. Herp
Herpes
es sim
simpl
plex
ex vir
virus
us tup
tupe
e1
B. Huma
Human
n cyto
cytome
mega
galv
lvir
irus
us
C. Huma
Human
n her
herpe
pesv
svir
irus
us type
type 6
D. Huma
Human
n her
herpe
pesv
svir
irus
us typ
type
e8
Answer: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 450
46
264.
Which one of the following viral infections
infections is not effectively
effectively prevented
prevented by vaccination?
vaccination?
A. Hepa
Hepati
titi
tis
s B viru
virus
s
B. Poliovirus
C. Rhinovirus
D. Rubella
lla vir
virus
Answer: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 543
265.
265.
Prions
Prions cause
cause spongifo
spongiform
rm enceph
encephalop
alopathi
athies
es includin
including
g the human
human disease
disease
A. AIDS
AIDS deme
dement
ntia
ia comp
comple
lex.
x.
B. Creu
Creutzf
tzfel
eldt
dt-Ja
-Jaco
cob
b dise
diseas
ase.
e.
C. scrapie.
D. subacut
subacute
e sclero
sclerosing
sing panence
panencepha
phalopa
lopathy
thy (SSP
(SSPE).
E).
Answer: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 584
266.
Congenital
Congenital infection
infection by which
which one
one of the following
following viruses can result
result in
in birth
birth defects?
defects?
A. Adenovirus
B. Cyto
Cytome
mega
galo
lovi
viru
rus
s
C. Hepa
Hepati
titi
tis
s B viru
virus
s
D. Huma
Human
n imm
immuno
unode
defic
ficien
iency
cy virus
virus
Answer: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 443
267.
267.
Viral
Viral carditi
carditis
s of adoles
adolescen
cents
ts and
and adults
adults is frequen
frequently
tly cause
caused
d by
A. Coxsackieviruses .
B. Orth
Orthom
omyx
yxov
ovir
irus
uses
es..
C. Pseu
Pseudo
dora
rabi
bies
esvi
viru
rus.
s.
D. Reoviruses.
Answer: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 495
268.
Several newborns
newborns housed
housed in a neonatal
neonatal intensive
intensive care unit have
have developed
developed nosocomial
nosocomial
pneumonia. Most are wheezing and some have required care such as mechanical
ventilation, increased doses of oxygen, antibiotic therapy, or monitoring for apnea. A
simple, rapid diagnostic test reveals a common viral antigen in nasal wash specimens
from each of the patients. The virus MOST LIKELY to be responsible is
A. Coronavirus
B. Echovirus B2
B2
C. Resp
Respira
irator
tory
y syncy
syncytia
tiall virus
virus
D. Rube
Rubeol
ola
a vir
virus
us (mea
(measl
sles
es))
Answer: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 558-559
269.
269.
A 7 year-old
year-old newly
newly adop
adopted
ted Russia
Russian
n child
child who has been
been in the
the United
United States
States 10 days
days
presents with fever, malaise, sore throat, and a grey membrane on the tonsils, uvula,
and soft palate. The child's immunization history is unknown. The physician obtains a
swab of the child's throat which provokes bleeding of the membrane. The swab is sent
to the laboratory for routine throat culture. Two days later the laboratory reports only the
presence of normal flora in the specimen. The MOST LIKELY organism responsible for
this child's illness is:
A. Bord
Bordete
etella
lla pertus
pertussis
sis..
B. Coryne
Corynebac
bacteri
terium
um diphtheri
diphtheriae.
ae.
47
C. Haemop
Haemophilu
hilus
s influenz
influenzae
ae type
type b.
D. Listeri
Listeria
a mono
monocyto
cytogene
genes.
s.
Answer: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 214
270.
270.
Soft chees
cheese
e imported
imported from
from Mexico
Mexico was
was implica
implicated
ted as the
the vehicle
vehicle in an outbr
outbreak
eak of
meningitis and bacteremia that occurred among attendees of a large company picnic.
Twenty of the 40 affected individuals were pregnant women. One of the victims had
AIDS. Gram positive, non-spore forming rods were isolated from the cheese that had
been stored in the cold. The MOST LIKELY organism responsible for this outbreak is:
A. Baci
Bacill
llus
us cere
cereus
us
B. Clost
Clostrid
ridium
ium diffi
diffici
cile
le
C. Clostri
Clostridium
dium perfring
perfringens
ens
D. Listeri
Listeria
a monocy
monocytog
togenes
enes
Answer: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 217
271.
271.
A 25 year
year old patient
patient prese
presents
nts at a sexuall
sexually
y transmi
transmitted
tted disea
disease
se (STD)
(STD) clinic
clinic with
with a
painful genital ulcer. On examination, the ulcer does not appear to be typical of herpes
simplex virus. Dark field microscopy of exudate from the ulcer is negative for spiralshaped organisms. However, a small, gram negative rod is isolated from culture of the
exudate on chocolate agar. The organism MOST LIKELY to be responsible for the
lesion is:
A. Chlamy
Chlamydia
dia trachom
trachomatis
atis..
B. Haemop
Haemophilu
hilus
s ducreyi
ducreyi..
C. Neisser
Neisseria
ia gonorrho
gonorrhoae.
ae.
D. Trep
Trepone
onema
ma pallid
pallidum
um..
Answer: B
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 281
272.
272.
Which
Which ONE
ONE of the
the follow
following
ing disea
diseases
ses is
is transm
transmitte
itted
d by lice?
lice?
A. Epide
Epidemic
mic typhu
typhus
s
B. Ehrl
Ehrlic
ichi
hios
osis
is
C. Psit
Psitti
tico
cosi
sis
s
D. Scru
Scrub
b typh
typhus
us
Answer: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 350
273.
A young
young army
army recruit
recruit presents
presents at a sexually transmitted
transmitted disease
disease (STD) clinic with acute
acute
urethritis. A Gram-stained preparation of his urethral exudate reveals neutrophils with
intracellular Gram-negative diplococci. The patient is treated with ceftriaxone and sent
home. He is requested to return in one week so that a urethral culture can be obtained
to test for proof of antibiotic cure. Which ONE of the following culture media should be
used for the follow-up culture?
A. Blood
lood agar
agar
B. Bord
Bordet
et Gen
Gengou
gou agar
agar
C. MacCon
MacConke
key
y agar
agar
D. Thaye
Thayer-M
r-Mart
artin
in agar
agar
Answer: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 295
48
274.
274.
The growth
growth in
in the vagina
vagina of which
which ONE
ONE of the follo
followin
wing
g bacteria
bacteria helps
helps maint
maintain
ain a
protective acid pH?
A. Bact
Bacter
eroi
oide
des
s
B. Gard
Gardne
nere
rell
lla
a
C. Lacto
Lactoba
bacil
cillus
lus
D. Mobi
Mobilu
lunc
ncus
us
Answer: C
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 307
275.
A 25 year-old sexually active woman complains
complains of vaginal itching, odor, and discharge
discharge..
The vaginal walls are red and slightly swollen, but the cervix is normal. A sample of her
vaginal discharge is tested with 10% KOH, which produces a strong fishy odor. Upon
microscopic examination of the discharge, you find clue cells but no pear-shaped
flagellates or pseudohyphae. A Gram stain reveals numerous Gram-negative curved
rods. What is your diagnosis?
A. Bacte
Bacteria
riall vagi
vagino
nosis
sis
B. Pelvic
Pelvic inflam
inflammat
matory
ory disea
disease
se (PID)
(PID)
C. Syph
Syphil
ilis
is
D. Trich
Trichom
omon
onias
iasis
is
Answer: A
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 316
276.
276.
A 25 year-ol
year-old
d male deve
develops
lops an
an ulcerati
ulcerative
ve lesion
lesion of the
the hand and
and severa
severall fluctuant
fluctuant
nodules along the lymphatics draining that site. The patient is seen in the dermatology
clinic at the Naval Hospital. Case history reveals that he is a weekend gardener who
cultivates roses as a hobby. What is the MOST LIKELY fungal disease?
A. Chrom
Chromob
oblas
lastom
tomyc
ycos
osis
is
B. Myce
ycetoma
oma
C. Phaeo
Phaeohy
hypho
phomy
mycos
cosis
is
D. Sporo
Sporotri
trich
chos
osis
is
Answer: D
Medical Microbiology by Jawetz., 23rd ed., page 633
277.
277.
A 50 year-old
year-old farmer
farmer from
from Sorsogo
Sorsogon
n who is fond of eating
eating fresh
freshwate
waterr crabs is suffer
suffering
ing
from chronic pneumonia with hemoptysis. Which parasite etiology is MOST likely?
A. Capi
Capill
llar
aria
ia phili
philipp
ppin
inen
ensi
sis
s
B. Necator americanus
C. Para
Parago
goni
nimu
mus
s west
wester
erma
mani
ni
D. Schi
Schist
stos
osom
oma
a jap
japon
onic
icum
um
278.
Knowing the life cycle of Schistosoma japonicum, a rural health doctor is now tasked
with educating the population of a district in Davao del Sur about prevention of this
disease. Which specific developmental stage of this parasite should be avoided to
prevent initial infection?
A. cercaria
B. metac
tacerc
ercaria
aria
C. miracidium
D. schis
chisto
tos
somu
omule
279.
279.
In relation
relation to questi
question
on #72 above,
above, which
which of the
the following
following measure
measures
s would
would this doctor
doctor
teach is most practical for preventing S. japonicum infection?
A. avoid
avoid eating
eating raw fresh
fresh wat
water
er sna
snails
ils
B. boil
boil dri
drinki
nking
ng wate
waterr for
for 20 minut
minutes
es
C. clean
clean and
and cook
cook vegeta
vegetable
bles
s wel
welll
D. wear
wear protec
protective
tive high
high boot
boots
s while
while wading
wading in
in streams
streams
49
280.
280.
A preventi
preventive
ve measu
measure
re against
against paras
parasites
ites is
is footwear
footwear.. Which
Which of these
these paras
parasites
ites enter
enters
s
through the skin and its infective stage is a filariform larva?
A. Neca
Necato
torr amer
americ
ican
anus
us
B. Trichinella spiralis
C. Trichuris trichiura
D. Ente
Entero
robi
bius
us ver
vermi
micu
cula
lari
ris
s
281.
281.
Some
Some protozo
protozoans
ans have
have orga
organell
nelles
es which
which enab
enable
le them
them to move around.
around. Which
Which of the
the
following species possess cilia as motility organelles?
A. Balan
Balantid
tidiu
ium
m coli
coli
B. Entam
Entamoe
oeba
ba histoly
histolytic
tica
a
C. Giardia lamblia
D. Plas
Plasmo
modiu
dium
m malar
malariae
iae
282.
282.
Ten year-o
year-old
ld Theira
Theira has been
been having
having vague perium
periumbilic
bilical
al abdomina
abdominall discomfo
discomfort
rt for
three months. She does not have diarrhea. Her fecalysis reveals round golden brown
tri-layered eggs with cortication. What is the causative agent of her abdominal infection?
A. Asca
Ascari
ris
s lumb
lumbri
rico
coid
ides
es
B. Bala
Balant
ntid
idiu
ium
m coli
coli
C. Taenia saginata
D. Tric
Trich
huris
uris tric
trichi
hiur
ura
a
283.
283.
Mrs. Sintas
Sintas compl
complains
ains to her
her family
family doctor
doctor that she
she has been
been having
having vague abdom
abdominal
inal
pains and bloody diarrhea for the past two days. She had recently arrived from a
business trip to Leyte. Which of the following intestinal parasitic diseases is LEAST
LIKELY to present with bloody diarrhea?
A. Amebiasis
B. Giardiasis
C. Trich
ichuria
urias
sis
D. Stro
Strong
ngyl
yloi
oidi
dias
asis
is
284.
Adult stages of intestinal
intestinal parasites
parasites have their own way
way of establishing
establishing themselves
themselves in
their chosen habitat. Which of these species has a long anterior end which penetrates
the mucosa to obtain tissues for its nutrition?
A. A. Asca
Ascari
ris
s lum
lumbr
bric
icoi
oide
des
s
B. B. Enter
Enterob
obius
ius verm
vermicu
icular
laris
is
C. Strongyloides stercoralis
D. Tric
Trichu
huri
ris
s tric
trichi
hiur
ura
a
285.
Except for the Schistosome species, all trematodes have similar life cycles. The
infective stage, for example is which of these developmental stages for the liver, lung,
and intestinal flukes?
A. cercaria
B. meta
etacerca
rcaria
ria
C. redia
D. sporocyst
286.
286.
Hydatid
Hydatid Disea
Disease
se is endemic
endemic in
in small
small areas
areas of Souther
Southern
n Luzon
Luzon and Bicol
Bicol region
region where
where
sheep are raised. What is the causative parasite of this disease?
A. Ancy
Ancylo
lost
stom
oma
a duo
duode
dena
nale
le
B. Brugi
rugia
a malayi
ayi
C. Echi
Echino
noco
cocc
ccus
us granu
granulo
losu
sus
s
D. Fasc
Fascio
iolo
lops
psis
is bus
buski
ki
50
287.
The trophozoite stage of this protozoa has rbc as inclusions in the cytoplasm: (p. 121)
A. Enta
ntamoeb
oeba co
coli
B. Enta
Entamo
moeb
eba
a his
histo
toly
lyti
tica
ca
C. Endolimax nana
D. Enta
Entamo
moeb
eba
a hart
hartma
mani
niii
288.
288.
One of
of the follow
following
ing is not
not a pseudop
pseudophyll
hyllidea
idean
n tapeworm
tapeworm.. (p. 513)
513)
A. Diph
Diphyl
yllo
lobo
both
thri
rium
um latu
latum
m
B. Ligu
Ligula
la inte
intest
stin
inal
alis
is
C. Sparganum proliferum
D. Taenia
enia sol
solium
289.
289.
Bachma
Bachman
n intraderm
intradermal
al test is
is a highly
highly specific
specific test
test for this
this disease.
disease. (p.
(p. 239)
239)
A. Ascariasis
B. Enterobiasis
C. Trichinosis
D. Amoebiasis
290.
290.
One of the
the followin
following
g is not a common
common featur
feature
e of uncompl
uncomplicat
icated
ed P. falcip
falciparum
arum in
in
peripheral smear: (p. 186)
A. appl
appliq
iqué
ué for
form
m of
of para
parasi
site
te
B. multi
multipl
ple
e inf
infect
ection
ion of one rbc
rbc
C. pres
presen
ence
ce of
of Maur
Maurer
er’s
’s cle
cleft
fts
s
D. roun
rounde
ded
d micro
microga
game
meto
tocy
cyte
te
291.
A 10-year-old
10-year-old girl, with perianal
perianal pruritus,
pruritus, was brought by her
her mother
mother to
to her pediatrician.
pediatrician.
What is your most probable diagnosis?
A. Ascariasis
B. Trich
ichuria
urias
sis
C. Entero
erobiasi
asis
D. Hook
Hookw
worm
orm infe
infect
ctio
ion
n
Ref. Clinical Parasitology by Beaver and Jung 9 th edition, pp. 304-305
MPL: 0.75
292.
292.
A 40-year
40-year old male
male overse
overseas
as worker
worker compl
complaini
aining
ng of muscle
muscle pains
pains seek
seek medica
medicall
attention upon his arrival to the Philippines. Biochemical tests showed elevated
creatinine, phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and myokinase levels. Results of
complete blood count showed high blood eosinophilia. What is your most probable
diagnosis?
A. Taeniasis
B. Capilla
illarrias
iasis
C. Trichinosis
D. Filariasis
Ref. Clinical Parasitology by Beaver and Jung 9 th edition, pp.238-239
MPL: 0.5
293.
Sexually active 26-year old woman
woman consulted
consulted a VD control
control clinic for vaginal
vaginal itching
itching and
purulent discharge. Your tentative diagnosis should include the following:
A. gonor
onorrh
rhea
ea
B. tric
tricho
homo
moni
nias
asis
is
C. cand
candid
idia
iasi
sis
s
D. all
all of
of the
the abov
above
e
Ref. Clinical Parasitology by Beaver and Jung 9 th edition, pp. 50
MPL: 0.25
51
294.
294.
A 30-year
30-year old woma
woman,
n, native
native of Bulaca
Bulacan,
n, traveled
traveled to
to Palawan
Palawan for
for a vacation.
vacation. After
After 2
weeks she consulted her doctor with chills and fever as her main complains. What
parasitologic test would you request to establish your diagnosis?
A. sput
sputum
um exa
examin
minat
ation
ion
B. stoo
stooll exa
examin
minat
ation
ion
C. thick
thick blood
blood sme
smear
ar
D. thick
thick and
and thin
thin blood
blood smear
smear
Ref. Clinical Parasitology by Beaver and Jung 9 th edition, pp. 180-181
MPL: 0.5
295.
295.
A 6-month
6-month old baby
baby was
was brought
brought in for
for a fever
fever of one-day
one-day durati
duration.
on. She
She is found
found to have
have
a temperature of 38.5°C and with hepatomegaly (3 cm) and splenomegaly (3 cm).
Microscopic examination revealed infected RBC with presence of band form stages.
What is your most probable diagnosis?
A. Not ma
malaria
B. Plasmodium falciparum
C. Plasm
lasmod
odiu
ium
m viva
vivax
x
D. Plas
Plasmo
modi
dium
um mala
malari
riae
ae
Ref. Clinical Parasitology by Beaver and Jung 9 th edition, pp. 184-185
MPL: 0.75
296.
296.
Hepatos
Hepatosplen
plenome
omegaly
galy is the
the hallmark
hallmark of this
this disease
disease which
which is endemic
endemic in Leyte,
Leyte, Samar
Samar
and Mindoro. This is caused by:
A. Schi
Schist
stos
osom
oma
a jap
japon
onic
icum
um
B. Echi
Echino
nost
stom
oma
a iloc
ilocan
anum
um
C. Pila
ila luz
luzonica
ica
D. Capi
Capill
llar
aria
ia phili
philipp
ppin
inen
ensi
sis
s
Reference: Brown & Neva, 1983. Basic Clinical Parasitology . 5th
Edition. The McGraw Appleton-Century Crofts. p. 241
297.
297.
Pruritus
Pruritus vulvae
vulvae is a characte
characterist
ristic
ic symp
symptom
tom in :
A. Trichinosis
B. Tric
richomon
monias
iasis
C. Ente
nterobia
biasis
D. Scabies
Reference: Brown & Neva, 1983. Basic Clinical Parasitology . 5th
Edition. The McGraw Appleton-Century Crofts. p 46
298.
298.
Finding
Finding banan
bananaa- or sausa
sausagege-shap
shaped
ed gameto
gametocyte
cytes
s in periph
periphera
erall smear
smear is a unique
unique
characteristic of:
A. Plas
Plasmo
modi
dium
um mala
malari
riae
ae
B. Plasm
lasmod
odiu
ium
m viva
vivax
x
C. Plas
Plasmo
modi
dium
um falc
falcip
ipar
arum
um
D. Plasm
lasmod
odiu
ium
m oval
ovale
e
Reference: Brown & Neva, 1983. Basic Clinical Parasitology . 5th Edition.
The McGraw Appleton-Century Crofts. p. 81-82
52
299.
Wearing protective
protective footwear
footwear would
would NOT
NOT prevent
prevent transmiss
transmission
ion of which of the following
parasite?
A. Ancylostoma
B. Leptospira
C. Trichuris
D. Schistosoma
Reference: Brown & Neva, 1983. Basic Clinical Parasitology . 5th Edition.
The McGraw Appleton-Century Crofts. pp. 126
300.
300.
Taenia
Taenia solium
solium and Trichi
Trichinell
nella
a spiralis
spiralis can be preve
prevented
nted by eating
eating prope
properly
rly cooked
cooked::
A. fish
B. pork
C. beef
D. vegetables
Reference: Brown & Neva, 1983. Basic Clinical Parasitology . 5th Edition.
The McGraw Appleton-Century Crofts. pp. 185, 111
301.
Recommendatio
Recommendation
n for the control
control of
of hookworm
hookworm in endemic
endemic areas include the constructio
construction
n
of sanitary facilities and :
A. wear
wearin
ing
g of foo
footw
twea
earr
B. reduc
reductio
tion
n of the
the stra
stray
y cats
cats popu
populat
lation
ion
C. throu
through
gh coo
cookin
king
g of meat
meats
s and
and fish
fish
D. use of
of insecti
insecticide
cides
s to contro
controll mosquit
mosquitoes
oes and
and flies.
flies.
Reference: Brown & Neva, 1983. Basic Clinical Parasitology . 5th Edition.
The McGraw Appleton-Century Crofts. p. 126
302.
302.
Humans
Humans becom
become
e infected
infected when
when they
they swallow
swallow the eggs
eggs and
and develop
develop cysts
cysts in
in various
various
organs to cause hydatidosis. This tapeworm is could be best prevented by:
A. reducing
reducing larval
larval E. multilo
multilocula
cularis
ris in
in sheep
sheep and hogs
B. reducin
reducing
g adult
adult E. granulo
granulosus
sus infectio
infection
n in
in dogs
dogs
C. prope
properr and sanit
sanitary
ary dispos
disposal
al of waste
waste
D. surg
surgic
ical
al inte
interv
rven
enti
tion
on
Reference: Brown & Neva, 1983. Basic Clinical Parasitology . 5th Edition.
The McGraw Appleton-Century Crofts. p. 197
303.
Dyspnea
Dyspnea in Loeffler’s syndrome
syndrome caused
caused by larval invasion
invasion in massive
massive ascariasis
ascariasis in
in the
lungs could be best treated with:
A. salb
salbut
utam
amol
ol neb
nebul
uliz
izat
atio
ion
n
B. giving
giving mebend
mebendazol
azole
e to treat
treat the
the infectio
infection
n
C. both A and B
D. neithe
itherr A nor
nor B
Reference: Brown & Neva, 1983. Basic Clinical Parasitology . 5th Edition.
The McGraw Appleton-Century Crofts. Pp. 134-135
53