12 TLE-Computer Systems Servicing SELF-LEARNING MODULE DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY 1 Computer Network Concepts Week Quarter 1 – Module 1: Computer Systems Servicing - 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) Quarter 1 – Module 1: Computer Network Concepts First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Development Team of the Module Writers: Elvis J. Piquero Editors: Wilma M. Abendan, Ilene E. Pinili Reviewers: Amalia C. Caballes, Sally A. Palomo Illustrator: None Layout Artist: Wilma M. Abendan Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez Management Team: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V - Schools Division Superintendent Mario M. Bermudez, CESO VI – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Juliet F. Lastimosa - CID Chief Name of REPS – Subject Area Supervisor Sally A. Palomo - Division EPS In- Charge of LRMS Gregorio O. Ruales - Division ADM Coordinator Amalia EPP/TLE/TVL C. Caballes – Education Program Supervisor SELF-LEARNING MODULE Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893 E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph 12 SELF-LEARNING MODULE DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY 1 Quarter 1 – Module 1: Computer Network Concepts Week TLE-Computer Systems Servicing Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Computer Systems Servicing 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Computer Network Concepts! This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the learner: Welcome to the Computer Systems Servicing 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Computer Network Concepts! The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find: References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! Lesson 1 Computer Network Concepts What I Need to Know Hi guys, what’s up? did you know that in computer language networking is a medium by which we can share All type of information. Connect people via network and others Mode of Internet. Setting-Up computer Network (SUCN) is divided into four learning outcomes; ✓ LO 1. Install Network cables - TLE_IACSS9- 12SUCN-IVa-j-33 ➢ 1.1 Plan cable routes in accordance with network design and actual installation site After going through on this module, you should be able to: ▪ Define Computer network and Data Communication concepts; ▪ Recognize the uses, applications, and basic communication model of the network. What I Know Hello! Are you excited for your first lesson? Let us see how much you know about Computer Network Concepts. General Directions: Read the instruction carefully and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. Which one in computer network permits sharing? a. Resources b. Technology c. Information d. Communication 2. What set of rules which govern data communication? a. sender b. control c. protocol d. network 3. What do you call of information to be delivered? a. sender b. message c. protocol d. network 4. Which in Communication Model wherein the transmitted data is generated by this device, such as telephones, personal computers, etc? a. transmitter b. source c. receiver d. protocol 5. What type of connection if a dedicated link connects two and only two devices? a. multi-drop b. point to point c. link d. cable 6. This type of communication model can be a single transmission line or a complex network. a. Transmitter b. point to point c. Transmission system d. Transmission system protocol 7. What are the other terms of multi-drop configuration? a. transmitter b. point to point c. transmission d. multipoint 8. What better choice of the goal to make everyone available on the network without regard to the physical location of the resource and the user? a. resource sharing b. source mapping c. receiver mapping d. communications 9. Which one is better among the choices if the goal that is starting to become more critical in businesses is doing business with consumers over the Internet? a. Server-Client model b. Client System model c. E-commerce model d. Server-Server model 10. What type of connection uses two or more devices to share a single link? a. protocol b. point to point c. multi-drop d. dedicated link 11. It is defined as the time elapsed between inquiry and response. What type of time is this? a. Increase time b. response time c. link time d. end-time 12. It is the time taken to travel a message from one device to another. What type of time is this? a. Efficiency of software b. Number of users c. Capability of connected hardware d. Increase time 13. This is another way to measure performance. a. Data network b. Game network c. link network d. Server network 14. What type of topology if a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to a single cable. a. b. c. d. 15. What a. b. c. d. star bus mesh ring of connection if a dedicated link connects two and only two devices? multi-drop point to point link to link breakpoint 16. What type of topology in an office in one department ring topology has used and in another star topology is used? a. star b. bus c. mesh d. hybrid 17. What kind of topology has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a hierarchy? a. star b. bus c. mesh d. tree 18. Virtually every company that has two or more computers now has e-mail (electronic mail), which employees generally use for a great deal of daily communication. What type of business applications of computer networks? a. b. c. d. Resources Information Technology Communication medium 19. A goal that is starting to become more critical in businesses is doing business with consumers over the Internet. Airlines, bookstores and music vendors have discovered that many customers like the convenience of shopping from home. What type of business applications of computer networks? a. b. c. d. Resources Information E-commerce Communication medium 20. In data communication data delivered should be accurate. What feature of data communication? a. b. c. d. Resources Delivery Timeliness Accuracy What’s In Activity 1.1 TELL ME! In your gadgets there are installed applications can you identify each application? Can you tell its functions? Give at least 10 – applications. Application 1 2. 3. 4 5. 6 7 8 9 Function What’s New How are you coping with our lesson? I hope you are curious about the activities we will discuss in this module. Direction: Read and study the situation carefully. Then answer the question based on the scenario given. Let’s assume that your Internet was working at an earlier point. Suddenly you can’t access the website such as facebook.com you need to open and even you try to open another web, but it came out the same result. How can you check a good network? Give the Properties of a Good Network. 1. 2. 3. 4 5 What is It Introduction to Computer Networks A computer network is a telecommunication channel using which we can share data with other computers or devices, connected to the same network. It is also called Data Network. The best example of a computer network is the Internet. A node can be a device that is capable of sending or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network like a computer, printer, etc. These links connecting the devices are called Communication channels. A network must be able to meet specific criteria’s; these are mentioned below: • Performance • Reliability • Scalability Computer Networks: Performance It can be measured in the following ways: Transit time: It is the time taken to travel a message from one device to another. Response time: It is defined as the time elapsed between inquiry and response. Other ways to measure performance are: 1. Efficiency of software 2. Number of users 3. Capability of connected hardware Computer Networks: Reliability It decides the frequency at which network failure takes place. The more the shortcomings are, the less is the network’s reliability. Computer Networks: Security It refers to the protection of data from any unauthorized user or access. While traveling through a network, data passes many layers of a network, and data can be traced if attempted. Hence security is also an essential characteristic for Networks. Properties of a Good Network 1. Interpersonal Communication: We can communicate with each other efficiently and smoothly. Example: e-mails, chat rooms, video conferencing, etc, all of these are possible because of computer networks. 2. Resources can be shared: We can share physical resources by making them available on a network such as printers, scanners, etc. 3. Sharing files, data: Authorized users are allowed to share the files on the network. Basic Communication Model A Communication model is used to exchange data between two parties. Example communication between a computer, server, and telephone (through MoDem). 4. Source - Data to be transmitted is generated by this device, for example: telephones, personal computers, etc. 5. Transmitter - The data generated by the source system is not directly transmitted in the form it created. The transmitter transforms and encodes the data in such a way to produce electromagnetic waves or signals. 6. Transmission system can be a single transmission line or a complex network connecting source and destination. 7. Receiver accepts the signal from the transmission system and converts it into a form that is easily managed by the destination device. 8. Destination receives the incoming data from the receiver. Data Communication The exchange of data between two devices through a transmission medium is called Data Communication. Data Communication: Local Local communication takes place when the communicating devices are in the same geographical area, the same building, or face-to-face, etc. Data Communication: Remote Remote communication takes place over a distance i.e. the devices are farther. The effectiveness of data communication can be measured through the following features: 1. Delivery: Delivery should be done to the correct destination. 2. Timeliness: Delivery should be on time. 3. Accuracy: Data delivered should be accurate. Components of Data Communication 1. 2. 3. 4. Message: It is the information to be delivered. Sender: Sender is the person who is sending the message. Receiver: Receiver is the person to whom the message is being sent to. Medium: It is the medium through which the message is sent. For example: A Modem. 5. Protocol: These are some set of rules which govern data communication. Following are some business applications of computer networks: 1. Resource Sharing: The goal is to make all programs, equipment (like printers, etc), and especially data, available to anyone on the network without regard to the physical location of the resource and the user. 2. Server-Client model: One can imagine a company’s information system consisting of one or more databases and some employees who need to access it remotely. In this model, the data is stored on powerful computers called Servers. Often these are centrally housed and maintained by a system administrator. In contrast, the employees have simple machines, called Clients, on their desks, using which they access remote data. 3. Communication Medium: A computer network can provide a powerful communication medium among employees. Virtually every company that has two or more computers now has email (electronic mail), which employees generally use for a great deal of daily communication 4. eCommerce: A goal that is starting to become more critical in businesses is doing business with consumers over the Internet. Airlines, bookstores, and music vendors have discovered that many customers like the convenience of shopping from home. This sector is expected to grow quickly in the future. There are two ways to connect the devices : Point-To-Point Connection It is a protocol that is used as a communication link between two devices. It is simple to establish. The most common example for Point-toPoint connection (PPP) is a computer connected by telephone line. We can connect the two devices using a pair of wires or using a microwave or satellite link. Example: Point-to-Point connection between the remote control and Television for changing the channels. MultiPoint Connection It is also called a Multidrop configuration. In this connection, two or more devices share a single link. There are two kinds of Multipoint Connections: • If the links are used simultaneously between many devices, then it is a spatially shared line configuration. • If the user takes turns while using the link, then it is timeshared (temporal) line configuration. Types of Network Topology 1. Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to a single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints, then it is called Linear Bus topology. 2. RING Topology is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer is connected to another computer, with the last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbors for each device. 3. STAR topology all the computers are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all other nodes are connected to the central node. 4. MESH Topology is a pointto-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the network nodes are connected. 5. TREE Topology has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is also called hierarchical topology. It should at least have three levels to the hierarchy. 6. HYBRID topology is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two or more topologies. For example, if in an office in one department ring topology is used and in another star, topology is used, connecting these topologies will result in Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star topology). What’s More General Directions: Read the items very carefully. Write your answer in a a clean sheet of paper. Test I. True or False Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. _______1. Person-to-person communication is not one of the most important uses of the Internet for home users. _______2. Performance is one of the criteria in computer networks. _______3. Reliability decides the frequency at which network failure takes place. _______4. In Communication Model Source Data to be transmitted is generated by this device, such as telephones, personal computers, etc. _______5. In Data Communication: Remote Delivery should not be done to the correct destination. What I Have Learned Directions: Now that you’ve learned a lot from the very start of our module, let’s summarize our lesson from the very start by filling the blanks with an appropriate answer. Fill in the Blank 1. It is a _______________ which is used as a communication link between two devices. 2. __________________ is connection between remote control and Television for changing the channels. 3. MultiPoint Connection It is also called ______________ configuration. 4._________________ topology is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two or more topologies.. 5. A _______________ can be a device which is capable of sending or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network like a computer, printer etc... What I Can Do Now, it’s about time for us to use our knowledge in real life situations. Let’s answer the following questions below. 1. Your mother wants to transfer files from her smart phone to her new laptop. What possible network connection can be used to do the job since both devices capable to connect via wireless transmission. Explain your answer and give the steps how smart phone connects to laptop. 2. Jerald wants to buy a new pair of shoes on the shopping mall but the size of his shoes is no longer available. What possible business application you can offer to him to buy the shoes? Why? Assessment Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Use a separate sheet for your answer. 1. Which of the choices defined when the time elapsed between inquiry and response? a. Increase time b. response time c. link time d. thinking time 2. What type of topology when each computer forms like a circle and connected to another computer, with the last one connected to the first? a. bus b. ring c. star d. mesh 3. What type of topology when each computer is connected via point-to-point connection to other nodes and all network nodes are connected to each other a. bus b. ring c. star d. mesh 3. Which components of data communication means that the information is to be delivered? a. message b. sender c. receiver d. medium 4. It is the person who is sending the message. What components of data communication is this? a. message b. sender c. receiver d. medium 5. What type of connection if a dedicated link connects two and only two devices. a. multi-drop b. point to point c. link d. cable 6. This type of communication model can be a single transmission line or a complex network. a. Transmitter b. point to point c. Transmission system d. Transmission system protocol 7. What a. b. c. d. is other term of multi-drop configuration? transmitter point to point transmission multipoint 8. Which one is better among the choices if the goal is make available to anyone on the network without regard to the physical location of the resource and the user? a. resource sharing b. source mapping c. receiver mapping d. communications 9. Which one is better among the choices if the goal that is starting to become more important in businesses is doing business with consumers over the Internet? a. Server-Client model b. Client System model c. E-commerce model d. Server-Server model 10. What a. b. c. d. type of connection uses two or more devices share a single link? protocol point to point multi-drop dedicated link Test II. Match UP! Direction: Match Column A with Column B. A 1. It is a telecommunication channel using which we can share data with other computers or devices, connected to the same network. B a. Interpersonal Communication b. Security 2. It decides the frequency at which network failure take place. More the shortcomings are, less is the network’s reliability. 3. Properties of a good network, we can communicate with each other efficiently and easily. Example: e-mails, chat rooms, video conferencing etc, all of these are possible because of computer networks. c. message d. Destination e. Reliability f. protocol 4. It refers to the protection of data from any unauthorized user or access. While travelling through network, data passes many layers of network, and data can be traced if attempted. Hence security is also a very important characteristic for Networks. 5. Properties of good network, an authorized user are allowed to share the files on the network. 6. In communication model, it accepts the signal from the transmission system and converts it into a form which is easily managed by the destination device. 7. In communication model, this is the one who receives the incoming data from the receiver. 8. In Components of Data Communication, Data to be transmitted is generated by this device, example: telephones, personal computers etc. 9. In Components of Data Communication, these are some set of rules which govern data communication. 10. It can be a device which is capable of sending or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network like a computer, printer etc. g. node h. Sharing files and data i. Receiver j. Computer Network k. source Additional Activities Congratulations! You’ve come this far. I know you’ve learned a lot about the lesson. Now for your additional activities, just answer the following questions. 1. In Computer Networks, among Business Applications, what is more useful to you in terms of transferring files in your smartphone to another device? 2. What part of lesson did you find interesting or useful in your everyday lives? What I Know 1.C 2.C What's More 1. Interpersonal 2. Resources can be shared 3.B What's More 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. F T T T F Assessme nt I. 1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. .D 8. A 9. C 10. B 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.C II 10.B 1. J 2. E 3. A 4. B 5. H 6. I 7. D 8. K 9. F 10. G 11.A 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A Answer Key References Learning Material Online Resources: • 2020 Studytonight.”Computer Network”: Introduction To Computer Networks. https://www.studytonight.com/computer-networks/overview-ofcomputer-networks DISCLAIMER This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations. For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Learning Resource Management System (LRMS) Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893 Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph