. Organization of the office of
therapeutic dentistry
• University internship supervisor Galiullina
M.V.(for 205 A,Б), Khasanova D.R.(for 206
A,Б), Korchagina Y.A.(for 207 A,Б) Basic
practice leader Galiullina M.V.(for 205 A,Б),
Khasanova D.R.(for 206 A,Б), Korchagina
Y.A.(for 207 A,Б) The head of the medical
organization- Valiullina A.Y.
2012
MSc (Medical Education)
2005
PG Certificat (Implant Dentistry)
2004
PhD(Dental Pharmacology)
2001
PG Diploma (Pharmaceutical Engeneering)
1998
PG Certificat (General Pharmacology)
1998
MRes (Master of Research)
1993
PG Diploma Oral and Max-Fac Surgery
1991
Docteur of Dental Surgery
Pharmacology Basics
• Indications
• Contra-indications
2
Pharmacology Basics
• Indications
– The reasons for administering a medication
or performing a treatment
• Contra-indications
– A factor that prevents the use of a
medication or treatment (eg. Allergies)
2
Pharmacology Basics
• Dose
• Mechanism of Action
3
Pharmacology Basics
• Dose
– The amount of a drug to be administered at
one time
• Mechanism of Action
– How a drug works
3
Pharmacology Basics
• Effects
• Side Effects
4
Pharmacology Basics
• Effects
– The desired result of administration of a
medication
• Side Effects
– Effects that are not desired and that occur in
addition to the desired therapeutic effects
4
Medication Names
• Chemical Name
• Generic Name
• Trade Name
• Official Name
6
Medication Names
• Chemical Name
– describes the drug’s chemical structure
• Generic Name
– reflects the chemical name, but in shorter form
• Trade Name
– the name the manufacturer uses to market the drug
• Official Name
– the name used in the Pharmocopoeia
6
Routes of drug administration
• Enteral tract routes
• Parenteral routes
Comparison of Enteral vs. Parenteral Routes
Enteral Routes
•
•
•
•
•
Oral (PO)
Orogastric/nasogastric (OG/NG)
Sublingual (SL)
Buccal
Rectal (PR)
Parenteral Routes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Topical
Intradermal
Intranasal
Subcutaneous (SC)
Intramuscular (IM)
Intravenous (IV)
Endotracheal (ET)
• Sublingual
injection
• Intracardiac (IC)
• Intraosseous
• Inhalational
• Umbilical
• Vaginal
• Pulpal
No single method of drug
administration is ideal for all
drugs in all circumstances
Drug
prescriptio
n
What are the essential components
of a drug prescription?
Essential Components of
Prescriptions
All written prescriptions should contain:
1) Patient's full name and address
2) Prescriber's full name, address, telephone number,
3) Date of issuance
4) Signature of prescriber
5) Drug name, dose, dosage form, amount
6) Directions for use
7) Refill instructions
The Medication Order (Prescription)
•
•
•
•
Medication desired
Dose desired
Administration route
Administration rate
Before any Drug prescription
• Discuss with patient the possible
consequences (god and bad)
• Prescribe drugs you know
• Keep updated (BNF, Vidal…others)
• Dose: consider age, physiology,
and pathology
• Drug interactions
Prescribing
• The Dentist is legally responsible for the signed
prescription
• Prescription should be indelible, dated, with full
name and address of the patient
• Age of patient should be mentioned when under
12.
• Use generic drugs when possible
Prescribing
• Don`t use abbreviations for the drug names.
• Define the quantity supplied
• Directions should be in English with no use
of the abbreviations
Prescribing
• When writing the dose
– Quantities of one gram is wrriten (1 g)
– Less than 1 g is written in milligrams (500 mg)
– Less than l mg should be written in microgram
100 microgram (not 0.1 mg)
– Nanogram and microgram should not be
abbreviated
Clark’s Rule
Clark's Rule
Divide the child’s weight (in pounds) by 150 to get the approximate fraction
of the adult dose to give to the child.
 Example: For a 50 pound child give 50/150 (or 1/3) of the adult
dose. Therefore, if the adult dose is 30 drops taken 3 times per
day, the child’s dose will be 10 drops taken 3 times per day
 (not 30 drops taken 1 time per day).
•
Essential Components of
Prescriptions
All written prescriptions should contain:
1)Patient's full name and address
2)Prescriber's full name, address, telephone number,
3)Date of issuance
4)Signature of prescriber
5)Drug name, dose, dosage form, amount
6)Directions for use
7)Refill instructions
Essential Components of
Prescriptions
Latin abbreviations
•
•
Rx : abbreviation of the Latin word "recipe” x as a
substitute period.
# ac (ante cibum)
•
•
means "before meals"
# bid (bis in die) means
•
"twice a day"
Latin abbreviations
•
# po (per os)
•
•
# pc (post cibum) means
•
•
means "by mouth"
"after meals"
# prn (pro re nata)
•
means "as needed"
Latin abbreviations
•
# q 3 h (quaque 3 hora)
•
•
# qd (quaque die)
•
•
means "every 3 hours"
means "every day"
# qid (quater in die) means
•
"4 times a day"
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Dr Iyad Abou Rabii
Dr.abourabii@gmail.com