English Final Test Review Vocabulary Lesson 1-7 1. Abhor: to regard with horror or loathing; to hate deeply. Synonyms: detest, despise, abominate. Internet synonyms: loathe, hate, execrate. 2. Adroit: skillful, expert in the use of hands or mind. Synonyms: clever, deft, slick, dexterous. Internet synonyms: skillful, adept, agile, nimble, capable, competent. 3. Adversary: an enemy, opponent. Synonyms: antagonist, foe. Internet synonyms: opponent, rival, nemesis, combatant, challenger, contender. 4. Artifice: a skillful or ingenious device; a clever trick; a clever skill; trickery. Synonyms: ruse, stratagem, contrivance. Internet synonyms: trickery, deceit, deception, dishonesty, guile, cunning, evasion. 5. Ascertain: to find out. Synonyms: discover, establish. Internet synonyms: find out, work out, make out, learn, fix, determine. 6. Bequeath: to give or pass on as an inheritance. Synonyms: transmit, bestow. Internet synonyms: leave, will, make over, pass on, hand on, cede, consign, commit, entrust, grant, transfer, convey, donate. 7. Bereft: deprived of; made unhappy through a loss. Synonyms: bereaved Internet synonyms: cut off from, wanting, in need of, lacking, without. 8. Brandish: to wave or flourish in a menacing or vigorous fashion. Synonyms: swing, shake. Internet synonyms: flourish, wield, raise, twirl, wag, swish, flap, display, flaunt, show off. 9. Buffet: to slap or cuff; to strike repeatedly; to drive or force with blows; to force one’s way with difficulty; to slap, blow. Synonyms: sock, thump, pummel, toss about. Internet synonyms: bash, beat, bat, attack. 10. Chaos: great confusion, disorder. Synonyms: anarchy, turmoil. Internet synonyms: disorder, disarray, confusion, mayhem, bedlam, havoc. 11. Cogent: forceful, convincing, relevant to the point. Synonyms: persuasive, compelling Internet synonyms: convincing, strong, forceful, powerful, potent. 12. Copious: abundant in supply or quantity Internet synonym: abundant, plentiful, ample, profuse, full, extensive. 13. Cursory: hasty, not thorough. Synonyms: quick, superficial, perfunctory. Internet synonyms: perfunctory, token, desultory, routine, offhand, inattentive. 14. Craven: cowardly; a coward. Synonyms: fearful, fainthearted, pusillanimous. Internet synonym: cowardly, timid, timorous, fearful, trembling. 15. Deft: skillful, nimble. Synonyms: dexterous, adroit, proficient, clever, masterful. Internet synonyms: skilled, ready, neatness. 16. Demise: a death, especially of a person in a lofty position. Synonyms: decease, passing away. Internet synonyms: dying, passing, expire, end, quietus. 17. Dour: stern, unyielding, gloomy, ill-humored. Synonyms: harsh, bleak, forbidding, saturnine. Internet synonyms: stern, unsmiling, unfriendly, frowning, severe, morose, sour, gruff, surly, grim. 18. Disheveled: untidy, disordered Internet synonyms: untidy, unkempt, scruffy, messy. 19. Extirpate: to tear up by the root; to destroy totally. Synonyms: uproot, eradicate, wipe out, excise. Internet synonyms: destroy, eradicate, stamp out, root out, eliminate, suppress. 20. Feasible: possible, able to be done Synonyms: workable, viable Internet synonyms: practicable, workable, achievable, attainable, realizable, viable. 21. Gape: to stare with open mouth, to open the mouth wide; to open wide. Synonyms: ogle Internet synonym: open, yawn, part, crack, split. 22. Gibe: to utter taunting words; an expression of scorn. Synonyms: ridicule, mock, deride, jeer. Internet synonyms: taunt, sneer, jeer, insult, barb, dig, wisecrack. 23. Inclement: stormy, harsh; serve in attitude or action. Synonyms: blustery, tempestuous, implacable. Internet synonyms: cold, bitter, chilly, raw, bleak, squally. 24. Impervious: not affected or hurt by; admitting of no passage or entrance. Synonyms: impenetrable, resistant, proof against. 25. Insidious: intended to deceive or entrap; sly, treacherous. Synonyms: cunning, dastardly, perfidious. Internet synonyms: stealthy, subtle, sneaky, cunning, crafty. 26. Jeopardy: danger. Synonyms: risk, hazard, peril. Internet synonyms: insecurity, instability, threat. 27. Inter: to bury, commit to the earth; to consign to oblivion. Synonyms: unearth, exhume. Internet synonyms: bury, entomb, inurn, inhume. 28. Nonchalant: cool and confident, unconcerned. Synonyms: composed, unruffled, blasé. Internet synonyms: calm, cool, collected, airy, composed. 29. Ominous: unfavorable, threatening, of a bad omen. Synonyms: unpropitious, inauspicious, portentous Internet synonyms: baleful, menacing, sinister, doomy, portentous, unfavorable, dire. 30. Panacea: a remedy for all ills; cure-all; an answer to all problems. Synonyms: universal, cure Internet synonyms: cure-all, elixir. 31. Plod: to walk heavily or slowly; to work slowly. Synonyms: lumber, trudge Internet synonyms: clump, stomp, tramp, lumber, slog 32. Quintessence: the purest essence or form of something; the most typical example. Synonyms: paragon, exemplar. Internet synonyms: prototype, picture. 33. Redress: to set right, remedy, relief from wrong or injury. Synonyms: correct, mitigate. Internet synonyms: right, rectify. 34. Reprehensible: deserving blame or punishment. Synonyms: objectionable, blameworthy, culpable, odious. Internet synonyms: bad, wrong, ignoble, erring, errant. 35. Skulk: to move about stealthily; to lie in hiding. Synonyms: lurk, slink, prowl. Internet synonyms: crouch, slink, avoid, bypass, creep. 36. Sojourn: a temporary stay, to stay for a time. Synonyms: visit, brief stay. Internet synonyms: stay, stopover, residence, vacation, holiday, lodge, board. 37. Somber: dark, gloomy; depressed or melancholy in spirit. Synonyms: mournful, dismal Internet synonyms: dull, drab, dingy, shady, restrained. 38. Squalid: filthy, wretched, debased. Synonyms: dingy, sordid, foul, vile, abject. Internet synonyms: dirty, grubby, grimy, mucky, vile, low poor. 39. Stolid: not easily moved mentally or emotionally; dull, unresponsive. Synonyms: impassive, phlegmatic. Internet synonyms: impassive, bovine, lumpish. 40. Waive: to do without, give up voluntarily; to put off temporarily, defer. Synonyms: decline, relinquish, forgo. Internet synonyms: relinquish, renounce, give up, reject. II. Grammar Noun: is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or idea. Pronoun: is a word used in a place of a noun or more than one noun. Adjective: is a word used to modify a noun or pronoun. Verb: is a word that expresses action or a state of being. Adverb: is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Prepositions: is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to some other word in the sentence. Conjunction: is a word used to join words or groups of words. Interjection: is a word that expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence. III. Night- Elie Weisel Vocabulary: 1. Hanukkah: A festival celebrating the festival of lights, liberation from oppression, freedom of worship, and finding light in the darkest of times. Celebration of the second temple 2. Kaddish: Also spelled Qaddish, in Judaism, a doxology (hymn of praise to God) that is usually recited in Aramaic at the end of principal sections of all synagogue services. 3. Kabbalah: Jewish mystical interpretation of biblical texts. 4. Yom Kipur: The Jewish Day of Atonement—the most solemn day of the Jewish year. A day devoted to self–examination, and the chance to begin the New Year with a clean slate. 5. Rosh Hashanah: The Jewish New Year—a holiday observed with festive meals and a day spent in prayer or quiet meditation. 6. Talmud: Jewish Oral Law (Interpretations of the Torah) Civil and ceremonial law comprising the Mishnah and the gemara. 7. Torah: the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. 8. Ghetto: minority groups. 1. Describe the following characters: A. Elie Wiesel: protagonist, and narrator. Tells the story of his persecution as a Jew because of Hitler’s army, and his time in the concentration camps, specifically Auschwitz wanted to study the Talmud. B. Moshe the Beadle: poor and lonely religious man, he tells the story of what happened when the foreigner Jews were expelled from Sighet. He warned them about the concentration camps and how the only reason he was able to escape was to warn them, but nobody believed him and believed he had gone mad. C. Chlomo Wiesel- Elie’s father. Cultured and unsentimental, Elie said he cared more about the wellbeing of others than of his own kin, he was viewed with the highest esteem by the Jews of Sighet. he didn’t want Elie to study the Talmud or the Kabbalah. He is arrested along with his son and imprisoned in a concentration camp, where he dies. D. Tzipora- Elie’s youngest sister, dies in the concentration camp. E. Franek- former student of Warsaw. Demanded Elie his golden tooth/crown but when Elie disagrees, he decides to torture his father, and when he Ellie finally does give in the lateness caused Elie to lose half of his rations. F. Madame Schachter- fifty y/o deportee who had been separated from her husband and other sons in another group when being transported, she kept hallucinating of a fire and screaming in the trajectory of the train ride to Auschwitz. G. Yossi- brother of Tibbi, Czech, their parents were killed. They worked in the electrical warehouse where they met Elie and became friends. H. Juliek- Polish musician who plays the violin in Buna. He always wanted to play Beethoven but was forbidden for Jews couldn’t play German music. He gave his final performance playing Beethoven when the prisoners arrive at Gleiwitz and dies the next day. I. Idek- violent Kapo in the Buna warehouse. He lashes Elie brutally (25 lashes) because Elie had seen him lie on a mattress with a woman. J. Mangele- Nazi doctor who made the decisions in the selection, chose who went into the crematorium and who was good enough for work. K Hilda- Elie’s oldest sister, works in the family grocery store. Arrested and sent to the concentration camp. M. Bea- Eli’s sister, second oldest child. Helped Hilda with the work of the store. N. Stein of Antwerp- A relative who meets Elie and has father at Auschwitz, he is worried of his wife and sons, Elie decided to try to cheer him up and tells him a lie saying that they had been receiving letters from Stein’s wife. O. Akiba Drumer- A Singer with a deep voice who had a strong faith in God, but after being chosen in the selection he loses his hope in God, he dies in the concentration camp, and though they had promised to pray Kaddish on the third day (the day he was supposed to die) no one did. P. Rabbi Eliahou- an aged Rabbi, he searches desperately for the son who in the run had left him behind without a second thought. Q. Meir Katz- a strong gardener from Sighet, helped freeing Elie from an attacker on the train to Gleiwitz but is overcome by grief when he considers his lost family. R. Zalman- worker in the electrical warehouse who dies in the journey to Buna, because of dysentery. S- Martha- former servant of the Wiesel’s she offered them a shelter and safety, but Mr. Wiesel didn’t accept her offer. ` 2. Mention the names of the concentration camps and where they are located. Aushwitz, Belzec, and Chelmno. 3. Mention the external conflicts and internal conflicts found throughout the novel. The main conflict through the story is the Holocaust and its victims, the Nazi regime vs Jews. Simultaneously occurs more specific conflicts such as the Jew prisoner’s vs Nazi machinery such as machine guns, gallows, gas chambers, crematoriums, and American bombs. As well as man-made exterior conflicts, Eliezer and other prisoners faced nature as an opponent; jews vs heat (in the trains and bunks in summer), jews vs cold (during cold night and the running to the field) and jews vs food (the lack of) (the natural necessity to consume). 4. What themes are explored throughout the novel? Religion, personal relationship, abuse, etc. 5. From what point of view is the novel written? First person view. 6. The novel is divided into nine (9) sections. Write a summary of each section. Make sure that the summaries explore the elements of literature such as imagery, foreshadowing, irony, themes, emblems, flash-forward, suspense, and climax where appropriate. 1= There is a description of Eliezer’s life; how he studied the Talmud, his family structure, Sighet and its atmosphere etc. It shows the beginnings of the optimist perspective most Jews take on the fascist regime. Examples such as how they thought the remine would be limited to Budapest and how when they were sent to the ghettos with only a backpack, they decline their maid’s offer to help them escape as they didn’t know what was held at store for them (irony). It also displays the character of Moshe the Beatle, of his occurrences, loss of faith and maddening display as nobody listened to his story. A series of themes are touched on such as hope, faith, community, and political array. 2= They are put in cattle cars where there is a complete lack of space for mobility. And as it was enclosed, for air even. They were told they were simply getting relocated. An official tells them if they do not give out their belongings they will be shot and if they try to escape, they will be shot. This is where they realize, although only slightly, the gravity of the situation. Madame Schächter begins to scream of fire, and they all take her for mad, especially because they have not eaten, drunk, or barely breathed in the past week. The fire she fears so deeply will later on the ever-present threat of death. Her continuous screams are cause for her physical apprehension; they gauze her mouth, so she is unable to scream. She liberates herself and continues. Her 10-year-old son simply cries. Her screams of fire foreshadow the crematorium. Once they arrive, they are told they will be put to labor to repay German debt, along with their families and will receive well treatment; a lie easily given by a fellow prisoner. Once they smell the scent of burning flesh, they realize truly what awaits them. 3= Eliezer is separated from his family. His mother and three sisters are put to the woman’s section while his father and himself to the men’s. After this, begins the first selection, where a fellow inmate advises them to lie about their age; Elie who was 15 was told to be 18 and his father who was 50 was told to be 40; this would help them to survive as old men and young boys do not survive much long. They walk to the unknown as they see the crematorium for babies. The crematorium is symbol to the Nazi regime and the atrocities they committed. Most begin to cry and recite Kaddish but Eliezer loses faith completely. He asks himself why to thank God and how could the world allow this in this time and age. They walked right past the adults’ crematorium and Eliezer contemplated suicide, but they were pushed to the side to the barracks. His father is beaten by the Kapo and Elie does nothing to stop it and instead blames his father for getting beat up. He immediately regrets his sentiment and fears his loss of empathy. They are kept for weeks in Auschwitz where they are tattooed their prisoner number, shaven, bathed etc. Eliezer finds Stein, a former acquaintance who asks of his family which is where Elie lies for extra portions of bread. They are then moved to Buna to begin working. 4= After reaching Buna, his father and himself are put to the same workplace, the counting of electrical fittings. He meets Juliek, the violinist, Yosi and Tibi, brothers who, like Elie, were very religious, studied the Talmud and after leaving the camp wished to live in Palestine, and he meets Akiba Drumer who ponders over the idea that God brought them to the concentration camp to atone their sins and test their faith. He also meets his Kapo, a German Jew who at first seemed benevolent but turned aggressive as he learned of Elie’s gold plantings in his teeth and wanting for them, he also meets Idek, the Kapo of his workplace, who is extremely violent and often beats up his Chlomo. Eliezer finds him having sex and he grows angry and whips Eliezer 35 times. His is where he meets the French girl who tells him to save his tears and his anger for later. They meet again in Paris serendipitously and speak of the past. She was Jewish but passed as Aryan and worked in assigned forced worker units other than the concentration camps. He also meets his dentist who wished to remove his gold plate for his own gain, something that Elie mediates by pretending illness until his dentist is caught and hung for betrayal and theft. Eliezer describes, as well, the gallows. Many people are hung from them, even daily, as a sign of control and repercussions but one pipel was hung once and according to Elie, he lived for half an hour more until his breath finally stopped; everybody cried. This is where a vision of God is destroyed entirely to Eliezer; God died in the gallows. 5= Time passes, and it is Yom Kippur, the Jewish day of atonement. Here a descriptive mental warfare occurs in Eliezer’s mind pondering why anybody could praise a God in a time like this. He chooses to rebel against God and not fast or say his prayers. His father and himself have a moment of a poignant truthfulness they seemed to understand all each other’s worries for just that moment. Then arrives the Jewish New Year, where another selection occurs. As Chlomo is so frail, Eliezer worries for the fate of his father. Chlomo is chosen for execution and gives his son his knife for remembrance and protection. He is saved by miracle. Others, however, didn’t have the same luck as Chlomo and were killed, Akiba Drumer and a rabbi were told to have lost all faith in God as this happens. This is one of the major themes of the memoir. Winter arrives and as Eliezer lacked shoes, his foot got destroyed and had to undergo surgery. It is rumored that the Russians will come to capture the Nazis and Eliezer makes the decision to leave the infirmary in fear of death and runs out with the others during a snowstorm. This proved to be the wrong decision as all prisoners in the infirmary were liberated the following day (irony). 6= The escapees are made run 42 miles barefoot and starving during a snowstorm. Many weak die, like Zalman who suffered intestinal diseases and had to stop running. All those who did would be shot. All those who slowed the pace would be shot. Aliezer keeps running for the sake of his father, not God. Rabbi Eliahou is found looking for his son, they had been inseparable for 3 years, but Eliezer can’t find courage to tell him of his sons’ betrayal. He detests his understanding of it as he, too, wishes his father would die; to be left alone. They could only remain awake by eating the snow off the ground or other people’s clothes. After reaching Gleiwitz camp where they are all put on on top of the other. Eliezer is surrounded by more living than dead, a half alive half diseased pit of tired men. He calls for his father and hears he is there. He hears the sound of Beethoven on Juliek’s violin. He played more for the dead than for the living. Eliezer wakes up to find Juliek dead by his side with his violin made to scraps. They remained there for three days until the selection. In which his father was chosen to die but by the havoc eliez4r created, he was able to distract the S.S. and save him. They walked towards a railroad in which, when the roofless cattle cars arrived, 100 each were fitted to them, and the convoy then left. 7= The journey to Buchenwald is explained with imagery of a cold cemetery. He thought his father to be dead but convinced himself otherwise as the S.S. was throwing out the corpses and his screamed for his father until he opened his glassy eyes. They weren’t given food and ate the snow off their fellow inmate’s clothes. Once a crumb was thrown into the cattle car and the Germans spectated the fight for that miserable piece of bread. Eliezer mentions how years later in Aden, Yemen a Parisian woman laughs at the throwing of coins to the “natives”. How cruel it was to say she liked to give charity. The crumb situation happens various times through the journey and many people died in the fights. On the cattle, as well, Eliezer is attacked and Meir Katz, a gardener at Buna and friend of Chlomo saves him. Desperation grew to panic as all began to cry in the cars, it was especially cold that day. Among those who arrived at Buchenwald, were 12 people of Eliezer’s cattle car, out of the 100. 8= Chlomo had become more ill even than before after the trip to Buchenwald. He cannot move, speak, and cannot gather courage to eat. Internally, Eliezer feels relief as he thinks the liberation from his father is nearby. Simultaneously he feels the guilt he swore not to have after seeing Rabbi Eliahous’ son’s actions. Chlomo suffers from dysentery leading Eliezer to think it better for him not ever to feed his father and save the food for himself. He looks for doctors as a last hope resource, but nobody wishes to cure an old man who will surely die. Chlomo is beaten for his cries of pain and wanting of water constantly. On January 29, Eliezer discovers his father had been taken to the crematorium, he cannot cry. 9= After God’s and his father’s death Eliezer lives only for food. On April 5, rumors of American troops arise, and Nazis begin to kill thousands of Jews daily and plan their cowardly escape. On April 10, only 20,000 Jews remain in the camp, but an air-raid begins. On April 11 evacuation begins, it takes foodless weeks until they are all freed. The prisoners can only think of eating and satisfaction. They do not think of revenge or their families. Eliezer had food poisoning and finds himself bedridden for weeks. The last line describes the image of a corpse staring back at Eliezer, he did not recognize his ghastly body. The corpse Eliezer alludes is emblem to not only literal and physical death but mostly spiritual death. It can be noted that night, throughout the memoir is a metaphor for hopelessness in the darkness. 7. Where is Elie’s home? Sighet, Romania. 8. Who are the first Jewish oppressors in Elie’s town? The Hungarian Police 9. Why do most people ignore Moshe the Beadles’s warnings when he escapes from the Germans? All he asked was for them to listen to his story but most people thought him for a lunatic and didn’t heed his warning. 10. What are the things that the Jews allowed to take with them when they are deported? A backpack with some food and a few items of clothing. 11. When does Madame Schachter stop screaming? Madame Schacter stops screaming after being physically abused and put a bound to gag her. They removed it as she quieted down but began again. This happened many times until they saw out the window that the fire was true; it was the crematorium. 12. What smell assails the nostrils of the Jews when the first enter Auschwitz? The smell of burning flesh. 13. Upon entering the concentration camp, what is the process to which the Jews are submitted? First name and age must be stated; this divides the men and women from one and other. Afterwards, they check for health impediments or how useful a prisioner can be in the process called selection where the ones who didn’t pass the test would be experimented on and then cremated. 14. Why is Elie glad that he and his father did not pass themselves off as being sturdy men? Sturdy or strong-looking men were chosen for working in Kommando, the crematoria. 15. What is Elie’s reaction when the gypsy hits Elie’s father? He was angry at his father for having provoked him and for potentially exposing himself as his son and being in trouble. 16. Why does Elie say to Stein about recently seeing Stein’s family? He said so to gain benefits such as half of Stein’s portion of bread. 17. Why does Idek whip Elie? Elie walked by Idek and a girl having intercourse and Idek thought Elie was spying on him and whipped him 25 times. 18. Why doe Elie imagine a universe without bells? The bell represents Nazi oppression and control, he abhorred the bell’s rings and wished for a world without them; hence a world with peace. 19. Who saves Elie from being strangled by a prisoner? Meir Katz 20. What shocks Elie about the behavior of Rabbi Eliahous’s son? The Rabbi’s son left his father during the running to die although having survived 3 years in the concentration camp. He did so to be freed of the worry and to fend only for himself. 21. How does Zalman die during the march to Gleiwitz? He suffered from intestinal pains and couldn’t help but pull down his pants and rest but he was run over by other prisoners behind him. He also could have been shot by S.S. soldiers who killed anyone who stopped but it is unknown. 22. When is the only time Ellie weeps during a hanging? When a young boy-pipel who was sentenced to death due to his Oberkapo’s sabotage damage. The Lagerkapo refused to be executioner to a child so three S.S. replaced his job. Two other men were hung but the pipel remained alive for half an hour; which is why all cried. 23. Why was the dentist unable to extract Elie’s gold tooth? Elie kept delaying surgery by claiming sickness until one day the dentist was hung at the gallows for running private traffic of prisioner’s gold. 24. Why is it a great risk for the French girl to try to encourage Elie after he is beaten? She had been pretending to be a non-Jewish Aryan to be assigned forced labor inmate and not concentration camp. She spoke in perfect german as she told Eliezer not to cry and keep his anger and clench his lips. 25. Why is Elie’s decision of not remaining in the hospital not a wise one? He thought because all who remained in the hospital were unable to work; they would be massacred but only the contrary occurred as they were saved by allied forces the following night. 26. How does Elie’s father escape selection at Buna? Eliezer runs after him instinctively and causes commotion. This confuses the guards and they, without realizing it, let his father pass. 27. What does the SS do when the American tanks arrive? On April 5 evacuation of prisoners begins although the S.S. says that the cmo resistance has decided not to abandon Jews and is going to prevent liquidation”. Ten blocks would be deported each day and no more food was to be distributed. On April 10, 20,000 prisoners would be released, along them Eliezer, the S.S. flees and resistance of allied forces take the camp. 28. What is the prisoners’ first act as free men? They could only think of eating and once they were satisfied, they thought of their bodily desires. They never thought of revenge or their deceased past acquaintances. A displeasing realization of loss of humanity. 29. Compare Elie’s faith in God at the beginning of the novel, during this novel and at the end of the novel? Do you think this change is justified? Why Eliezer, beginning the novel, was worried about God’s satisfaction and his own enlightenment. He wanted to study the Talmud and move to Palestine; he lived for his own faith. After being drafted to the camp and sees the children’s grave he falters and after seeing the pipel in the gallows he sees God die with him. Eliezer saw the darkest and most utterly demonic actions a human being can take on upon another. He saw the sheer hate in the Germans and the weak and un-resilient victims that where the Jews. In this sheep and wolf environment he lost all of his faiths and hopes. As the book finalizes a depth-less Eliezer stares back unknowingly into himself in the mirror. However, years after the holocaust he found his reason to live in the faith that he lost. He regained it and spread the message of the terrible occurrences in the Holocaust; there he found his reason.