Math Week 5: Proportion
Proportion says that two ratios (or fractions) are equal.
So 1-out-of-3 is equal to 2-out-of-6
The ratios are the same, so they are in proportion.
Example:
A rope's length and weight are in proportion.
When 20m of rope weighs 1kg, then:
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40m of that rope weighs 2kg
200m of that rope weighs 10kg
etc.
20/1 = 40/2
Working with Proportions
NOW, how do we use this?
Example: you want to draw the dog's head ... how long should it be?
Let us write the proportion with the help of the 10/20 ratio from above:
?
=
42
10
20
Now we solve it using a special method:
?
42
=
10 (multiply 42 and 10)
20 (divide the answer by 20)
Multiply across the known corners,
then divide by the third number
And we get this:
? = (42 × 10) / 20
= 420 / 20
= 21
So you should draw the head 21 long.
Directly Proportional
Directly proportional: as one amount increases,
another amount increases at the same rate.
∝
The symbol for "directly proportional" is
∝
(Don't confuse it with the symbol for infinity
∞)
What does Directly Proportional Mean?
Direct proportion is the relationship between two variables whose ratio is equal to a constant
value. In other words, direct proportion is a situation where an increase in one quantity causes a
corresponding increase in the other quantity, or a decrease in one quantity results in a decrease in
the other quantity.
Sometimes, the word proportional is used without the word direct, just know that they have a
similar meaning.
Example: you are paid $20 an hour
ow much you earn is directly proportional to how many hours you work
Work more hours, get more pay; in direct proportion.
This could be written:
Earnings

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∝ Hours worked
If you work 2 hours you get paid $40
If you work 3 hours you get paid $60
etc ...
Week 6: Inverse Proportion
Inversely Proportional
Inversely Proportional: when one value decreases at the same
rate that the other increases.
Example: speed and travel time
Speed and travel time are Inversely Proportional because the faster we go the
shorter the time.
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As speed goes up, travel time goes down
And as speed goes down, travel time goes up
This:
y is inversely proportional to x
Is the same thing as:
y is directly proportional to 1/x
Which can be written:
y=k
x
Example: 4 people can paint a fence in 3 hours.
How long will it take 6 people to paint it?
(Assume everyone works at the same rate)
It is an Inverse Proportion:
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As the number of people goes up, the painting time goes down.
As the number of people goes down, the painting time goes up.
We can use:
t = k/n
Example 1
It takes 8 days for 35 labourers to harvest coffee on a plantation. How long will 20 labourers take
to harvest coffee on the same plantation?
Solution

35 labourers harvest coffee in 8 days
Duration taken by one worker = (35 × 8) days

Now calculate the duration taken by 20 workers
= (35 × 8)/20
= 14 days
therefore, 20 labourers will take 14 days.
Partitive Proportion
Partitive proportion is used to divide a whole number or a whole amount into parts
proportional to the given. It means you must know how to identify parts of a whole based on a
given ratio of these parts.
For example:
Four children decided to celebrate their parent's anniversary by eating out in an expensive
restaurant. They decided to divide the expenses into a ratio of 2:3:4:5. How much each of the
children pays if the cost is $ 7,406.00?
Here's the solution:
2n + 3n + 4n + 5n = 7406
14n = 7406
Let's divide both sides by 14.
14n / 14 = 7406 / 14
By crossing out the numerator 14 and the denominator 14 on the left side.
n = 7406 / 14
n = 529
The first child should give twice. Therefore, 2 x 529 = $1,058. 00.
The second child should give thrice. Therefore, 3 x 529 = $1, 587. 00.
The third child should give four times. Therefore, 4 x 529 = $ 2,116. 00.
The fourth child should give five times. Therefore, 5 x 529 = $2,645. 00.
To check, let's add all of them:
P 1,058. 00 + P 1, 587. 00 + P 2,116. 00 + P 2,645. 00 = P7, 406.00
Example 2:
Ted has a budget of $1200 for the allowance of his three kids. How much will Robb, Brandon,
and Rickon get if the money was divided with a ratio of 3:4:5?
Solution:
3x+4x+5x=1200
12x=1200
X=100
3(100)= $300 for Robb
4(100)= $400 for Brandon
5(100)= $500 for Rickon
Science Week 5: Natural Disasters and Ecosystems
A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth;
examples include floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions.
What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another.
The surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane. The location below the earth’s
surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the location directly above it on
the surface of the earth is called the epicenter.
Sometimes an earthquake has foreshocks. These are smaller earthquakes that happen in the same
place as the larger earthquake that follows. Scientists can’t tell that an earthquake is a foreshock
until the larger earthquake happens. The largest, main earthquake is called the mainshock.
Mainshocks always have aftershocks that follow. These are smaller earthquakes that occur
afterwards in the same place as the mainshock. Depending on the size of the mainshock,
aftershocks can continue for weeks, months, and even years after the mainshock!
The primary effects of earthquakes are ground shaking, ground rupture, landslides, tsunamis,
and liquefaction. Fires are probably the single most important secondary effect of earthquakes.
What is a Flood?
Believe it or not, flooding is the deadliest type of severe weather. There’s probably a lot about
floods and flooding you don’t know.
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. Floods are an area of
study in the discipline of hydrology. They are the most common and widespread natural severe
weather event.
Floods can look very different because flooding covers anything from a few inches of water to
several feet. They can also come on quickly or build gradually.
Flooding Effects
No matter what causes of a flood, it can have devastating effects on your community. There are
actually many dangerous flooding effects. Besides physical danger, floods also cause economic
and social problems. In this section, we’ll cover the most common flood effects.
Loss Of Lives
The gravest effect of flooding is death. In fact, flooding is the number one severe weather killer.
Floods have claimed thousands of lives throughout history.
Property Damage
Since it only takes two feet of flood water to wash a car away, flooding can also cause great loss
of property. Surely you’ve seen images of cars floating away in flood waters.
Economic Impacts
The economic impact of flooding can be devastating to a community. This comes from damage
and disruption to things like communication towers, power plants, roads, and bridges. This
brings business activities in an area to a standstill. Oftentimes, major flooding results in
dislocation and dysfunction of normal life long after flood waters recede.
What Is a Drought?
Most people think of a drought as a period of unusually dry weather that persists long enough to
cause problems such as crop damage and water supply shortages. But because dry conditions
develop for different reasons, there is more than one definition of drought.
"Drought is caused by not only lack of precipitation and high temperatures but by overuse and
overpopulation
Examples of drought impacts on society include anxiety or depression about economic losses,
conflicts when there is not enough water, reduced incomes, fewer recreational activities, higher
incidents of heat stroke, and even loss of human life. Drought conditions can also provide a
substantial increase in wildfire risk.
Science Week 6: How does Human Beings Impact the Environment
Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning
fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion,
poor air quality, and undrinkable water.
Humans affect the environment in positive and negative ways. Cutting down trees and littering
have a negative effect on animals and plants. Protecting endangered species and cleaning lakes
and seas has a positive effect on the environment. At home you can help the planet by recycling
waste and growing plants or vegetables.
Human impact on biodiversity
Human activity is a major threat to the planet's biodiversity. This is because human population
growth thus far has been exponential, meaning that its growth rate stays the same regardless of
population size. This makes the population grow faster and faster as it gets larger.
Human-mediated causes of biodiversity loss

Land-use change: Humans may destroy natural landscapes as they mine resources and urbanize
areas. This is detrimental, as it displaces residing species, reducing available habitats and food
sources.

Pollution: Pollution can occur from the runoff or disposal of chemical substances, or from
energy sources (noise and light pollution).

Introduced species: Humans may unintentionally, or intentionally, introduce a non-native
species into an ecosystem. This can negatively effect an ecosystem because the introduced
species may outcompete native organisms and displace them.

Resource exploitation: Humans consume large amounts of resources for their own needs. Some
examples include the mining of natural resources like coal, the hunting and fishing of animals for
food, and the clearing of forests for urbanization and wood use.
Extensive overuse of nonrenewable resources, like fossil fuels, can cause great harm to the
environment. Recycling products made from nonrenewable resources (such as plastic, which is
made from oil) is one way to reduce the negative impacts of this resource exploitation. In
addition, the development and use of renewable resources, like solar or wind energy, can help
decrease the harmful effects of resource exploitation.
HFLE Week 5: Sexual Attraction in Teenagers
Adolescence Is a Time of Change
During the teen years, the hormonal and physical changes of puberty usually mean people start
noticing an increase in sexual feelings. It's common to wonder and sometimes worry about new
sexual feelings.
It takes time for many people to understand who they are and who they're becoming. Part of that
involves better understanding of their own sexual feelings and who they are attracted to.
What Is Sexual Orientation?
Sexual orientation is the emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction that a person feels toward
another person. There are several types of sexual orientation; for example:
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Heterosexual. People who are heterosexual are romantically and physically attracted to
members of the opposite sex: Heterosexual males are attracted to females, and heterosexual
females are attracted to males. Heterosexuals are sometimes called "straight."
Homosexual. People who are homosexual are romantically and physically attracted to people of
the same sex: Females who are attracted to other females are lesbian; males who are attracted to
other males are often known as gay. (The term gay is sometimes used to describe homosexual
individuals of either sex.)
Bisexual. People who are bisexual are romantically and physically attracted to members of both
sexes.
Asexual. People who are asexual may not be interested in sex, but they still feel emotionally
close to other people.
During the teen years, people often find themselves having sexual thoughts and attractions. For
some, these feelings and thoughts can be intense and seem confusing. That can be especially true
for people who have romantic or sexual thoughts about someone who is the same sex they are.
"What does that mean," they might think. "Am I gay?"
Being interested in someone of the same sex does not necessarily mean that a person is gay —
just as being interested in someone of the opposite sex doesn't mean a person is straight. It's
common for teens to be attracted to or have sexual thoughts about people of the same sex and the
opposite sex. It's one way of sorting through emerging sexual feelings.
The Importance of Talking
For people of all sexual orientations, learning about sex and relationships can be difficult. It can
help to talk to someone about the confusing feelings that go with growing up — whether that
someone is a parent or other family member, a close friend or sibling, or a school counselor.
It's not always easy to find somebody to talk to. But many people find that confiding in someone
they trust (even if they're not completely sure how that person will react) turns out to be a
positive experience.
In many communities, youth groups can provide opportunities for LGBT teens to talk to others
who are facing similar issues. Psychologists, psychiatrists, family doctors, and trained
counsellors can help them cope — confidentially and privately — with the difficult feelings that
go with their developing sexuality. They also help people find ways to deal with any peer
pressure, harassment, and bullying they might face.
Whether gay, straight, bisexual, or just not sure, almost everyone has questions about physically
maturing and about sexual health — like if certain body changes are "normal," what's the right
way to behave, or how to avoid sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It's important to find a
doctor, nurse, counselor, or other knowledgeable adult to be able to discuss these issues with.
HFLE Week 6: Peer Pressure
Peer pressure is influence on your behavior from a group that you interact with socially or
professionally. It can be good or bad depending on what action is taken, what consequences it
brings and whether or not you want to do it.
Who Are Your Peers?
When you were a little kid, your parents usually chose your friends, putting you in play groups
or arranging play dates with certain children they knew and liked. Now that you're older, you
decide who your friends are and what groups you spend time with.
As you become more independent, your peers naturally play a greater role in your life. As school
and other activities take you away from home, you may spend more time with Your friends —
your peers — are people your age or close to it who have experiences and interests similar to
yours. You and your friends make dozens of decisions every day, and you influence each other's
choices and behaviors. This is often positive — it's human nature to listen to and learn from
other people in your age group.
peers than you do with your parents and siblings. You'll probably develop close friendships with
some of your peers, and you may feel so connected to them that they are like an extended family.
Positive Peer Pressure
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Being encouraged to join the Debate Team can improve your self-confidence and your
listening and thinking skills
Going to college can be positive for your future
Following the rules can keep you out of trouble and focus on what is important
Showing up at school on time helps you learn discipline
Respecting others will help you go far and will lead to people treating you well.
Being honest helps people trust you
Exercising is good for stress and fitness
Avoiding drugs can keep you out of jail
Working hard leads to achievement
Listening to rap music
Volunteering at the Boys or Girls Club lets you share your knowledge and skills
Tutoring other students shares your knowledge
Negative Peer Pressure
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Drinking alcohol while you are underage can lead to jail and is dangerous when you are
young
Smoking is very addictive and can result in lung cancer
Experimenting with drugs can be deadly
Being encouraged to fight someone can lead to an assault charge
Stealing something on a dare can lead to imprisonment or a fine or both
Having sexual relations before you are ready or before you want to can lead to pregnancy
and STDs
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Bullying or teasing others
Putting your health at risk with too much bodybuilding or dieting
Skipping school
Wearing clothes you don't like because it is expected
Doing anything you don't want to do
Driving fast or drag racing
Worksheets:
Math Proportion:
https://www.mathworksheets4kids.com/proportion/ratio-1.pdf
https://ny24000063.schoolwires.net/cms/lib/NY24000063/Centricity/Domain/208/SolvingPropor
tionsInteractiveMathNotebook.pdf
https://www.lavc.edu/math/library/math105/Worksheets/propsolveword.pdf
Direct Proportion
http://www.mathster.com/worksheets/KS3%20&%20KS4%20Free%20Maths%20Worksheets/D
irect%20Proportion.pdf
Indirect proportion
http://www.mathster.com/worksheets/KS3%20&%20KS4%20Free%20Maths%20Worksheets/In
verse%20Proportion.pdf
Science
Natural Disasters Worksheet
http://homeschoolden.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Natural-Disaster-Worksheets-NotebookPages-and-Hands-On-Activities.pdf
Human Impact
https://cdn.zspace.com/activities/worksheets/Human_Impact_on_the_Environment_Question_Te
xt_Worksheet.pdf
Teenagers’ sexuality
https://sphe.ie/downloads/teaching_resources/b4ud.pdf
Peer pressure
https://classroom.kidshealth.org/classroom/6to8/personal/growing/peer_pressure.pdf
http://headsup.scholastic.com/sites/default/files/NIDA14-INS2-worksheet.pdf
Human impact
http://sites.isdschools.org/grade8_remote_learning_resources/useruploads/04_13/Science8_Chan
eyStuberRoling_April13.pdf
Video
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-ecology/hs-human-impact-onecosystems/v/human-activities-that-threaten-biodiversity
Human Impact quiz
https://quizizz.com/join/quiz/58e7a06830df97b93b552190/start?referrer=5b762dc63a5e330019e
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