SIMPLE MACHINES
__________ ____________ are mechanical devices, with few or no
moving parts, that make it easier to carry out _______! They are the
elementary __________ _________ of which more complicated
(compound) machines are composed.
There are ________categories of Simple Machines.
This is an example of a ______________. A ________ is a
simple machine used to push two objects apart. Two inclined planes
placed back to back make a __________. Examples of ___________
include knives, chisels and axes.
This is an example of a ____________. A ________ is an
___________ ___________ wrapped around a pole. ________can be
used to help lift things, or hold things together. Examples of __________
include swivel chairs, jar lids and screws.
This is an example of a _________ & _________. A
_________ & _______ uses a wheel, with a rod attached in the middle as
an axle, to help lift or move loads. Examples of a ________& _______
include a door knob, a screwdriver, an egg beater and a water wheel.
More examples of a wheel and axle:
1. Force applied on the axle: IMA <1: In this type, the force is applied
to the axle and transmitted to the wheel, rotating rapidly
This is an example of a ________________. A
__________ is a type of simple machine consisting of a rope passing over
a grooved wheel. The rope fits into the groove and one end of the rope
attaches to the __________. The _________ is exerted as a pull on the
other end of the rope. _____________ can be used to change the
magnitude of a force, or simply to change its direction.
There are ________ types of Pulley systems.
*A __________ pulley system is when the pulley is usually attached to a
ceiling or framework and is ____________ (does not move). This type of
pulley changes the ____________ of the force, but not the ___________.
Examples include flag poles and window blinds.
*The 2nd type of pulley is the ____________ pulley. The pulley is allowed
to _______ with the load. The advantage of a movable pulley is that
______ work is required to move the load. However, the movable pulley
has its disadvantages as well. In a movable pulley system, the pulley itself
must be pushed or pulled up and down, adding its own weight to the
existing load. (A zip-line is an example of a movable pulley).
*The 3rd type of pulley is a ______________ pulley. A ______________
pulley uses a combination of fixed and movable pulleys. The ________
needed to move a load rigged to a compound pulley system can be less
than half of the _______. Examples of ____________ pulleys can be
found on large sailboats and at construction sites.
This is an example of an
_____________ __________. An ____________ __________ makes it
easier to move an object to a higher elevation. Ramps and slides are also
examples of __________ __________.
This is an example
of a _____________. A ___________ consists of a beam, or a rigid
rod, which can pivot on a fixed hinge, or ____________.
Examples of levers include a seesaw, pliers, crowbars, and tweezers.
There are _________classes of Levers. Class 1---the ___________ lies
between the __________ and the ________. Examples of ___________
are found in a teeter-totter, boat oars, a catapult, scissors and a pair of
pliers. Class 2-----the _______ is located between the _______ and the
________. Examples of Class 2 Levers are found in a wheelbarrow, a
crowbar and a nutcracker. Class 3----the _______ lies between the
_________ and the _______. Examples of Class 3 Levers are found in
a stapler, a broom and a hockey stick.
Simple machines work in 1 of 3 ways:
1)
By ____________ the amount of input force needed.
(and increasing the distance over which the force acts).
2)
By ____________ the amount of the input force needed.
(and decreasing the distance over which the force acts).
3)
By changing the ______________ of the input force.
Work is a measure of the amount of Energy that is transferred when
an object is moved over a distance by an external Force.
A simple machine can, however, multiply the force put into a
machine (the _________into a larger output force (the______).
The ratio of these two forces is known as the ________
___________.
The Actual Mechanical Advantage - takes into account
________loss due to _________, deflection and wear. However,
it is usually more difficult to measure - unless, for example, you
use a Spring Scale to measure the Force Effort
Although less accurate, the Ideal Mechanical Advantage is
usually easier to determine, because it uses the ratio of
___________.