Session 1
Introduction to Human Settlements
Settlement pattern & town planning
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Hong village, Ziro Valley, Arunachal Pradesh. Photo Credit: Google Image search
What is a settlement?
A place where people live
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Settlement
●
Settlement is a process of grouping
of people and acquiring of some territory to
build houses as well as for their economic support.
●
It is defined as any form of human habitation which ranges from a single dwelling to a large
city.
●
It's a process of opening up and settling of a previously uninhabited area by the people.
Concentration, Domain, Activities, Scale
Permanence or Ephemeral
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Environment
Systems and
Technology
Physical
Settlement
Economy
Socio Cultural
Tangible and Intangible elements
4
atalhöyük, an ancient settlement in modern-day Turkey. Image credit: Dan Lewandowski.
Need of a settlement?
Shelter
Security and safety
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Environment
Region, Ecology,
Geographical features,
Flora and Fauna
Humans
The speaking animal
Ever evolving
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Primitive Non Organised Human settlement
1.
2.
Stage 2
PRIMITIVE MAN (Tree tops,branches,tree holes & caves) PALEOLITHIC - OLD STONE AGE
NOMAD (Temporary shelters were built using mammoth bone, wood, straw and rocks) MESOLITHIC - MIDDLE STONE AGE
Primitive Organised human settlement - Eopolis
1.
2.
FARMERS AND HERDERS Permanent Shelter (Formation of Village) (The roof was usually made from timber beams with
reed thatch covering) NEOLITHIC - NEW STONE AGE
CONFLICT BETWEEN MAN-WINNER BECAME THE KING. Non Agricultural fortified settlements with moats around were
built - Formation of Town (People started migrating to this town centre for better wages & employments.) BRONZE AGE
(PDF) Origin and Evolution of Human Settlement. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348430111_Origin_and_Evolution_of_Human_Settlement
[accessed Dec 29 2021].
Stages of human settlement
Stage 1
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Primitive Non Organised Human
settlements at a macro scale
There is no physical lines connecting this
primitive settlement with others; there are
no networks between settlements
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Primitive Organised Human
settlements at a macro scale
Due to the loss of space between them,
they developed more regular
shapes with no space lost between them.
The evolution reached the
stage at which a rectilinear pattern
develops into a regular grid ‐ iron
one.
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Static Urban settlements or Cities - Polis
DUE TO EXCESSIVE MIGRATION Formation of larger towns and cities (Development comes out of the front to accommodate
more people giving rise to bigger settlements.) Iron Age
Stage 4
Dynamic Urban Settlements
1.
2.
3.
Stage 5
DYNAPOLIS 30 MILES IN DIAMETER - 17TH CENTURY ONWARDS
METROPOLIS 100 SQ KM IN DIAMETER
MEGALOPOLIS 1000 SQ KM IN DIAMETER
Universal Human settlement
ECUMENOPOLIS WHOLE EARTH WILL BE COVERED BY ONE HUMAN SETTLEMENT (population explosion will be the
decisive factor) UPCOMING PHASE
(PDF) Origin and Evolution of Human Settlement. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348430111_Origin_and_Evolution_of_Human_Settlement
[accessed Dec 29 2021].
Stages of human settlement
Stage 3
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Dynapolis
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https://cat.middlebury.edu/~slides/HA220/images/aoc285.jpg
Metropolis
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MAP42.tif/lossy-page1-1280px-MAP42.tif.jpg
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/New_York_City%2C_Southern_
RI_and_CT%2C_illuminated_at_night.jpg
Metropolis
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Megalopolis
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped
ia/commons/2/24/New_York_City%
2C_Southern_RI_and_CT%2C_illumi
nated_at_night.jpg
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https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0169204617300439-gr2.jpg
Stages of expansion
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Ecumenopolis
Global Fabric of Ground and Marine Transportation Networks, Katsikis, Nikos. (2014). On the Geographical Organization of World Urbanization.
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The evolution of man from his primitive living to living in today’s cities
History of Human settlements by B K Sengupta
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Classification of human settlement
Settlement
Rural
Urban
Isolated
Dwellings
Town
Hamlets
City
Village
Conurbation
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Hierarchy of human settlement
https://slideplayer.com/slide/12909130/78/images/6/Settlement+hierarchy+Population+1%2C000%2C001+%2B+Conurbation.jpg,
http://www.adorngeo.com/uploads/2/7/3/5/27350967/published/urban-hierarchy.png?1534411189
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https://www.3dgeography.co.uk/settlement-patterns
Types of human settlement patterns
Brülisau in Switzerland
Little Thetford in England
Champlain, Quebec, Canada
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