COLORECTAL CANCER
INCIDENCE
The third most common malignancy and the
second most deadly cancer, colorectal cancer
(CRC) induces estimated 1.9 million
incidence cases and 0.9 million deaths
worldwide in 2020.
RISK FACTORS
• INCREASING AGE
• FAMILY HISTORY
• PREVIOUS COLON CANCER
• HIGH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
• SMOKING
• OBESITY
• INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
• HIGH FAT, HIGH PROTEIN DIET
• GENITAL CANCER IN WOMEN
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• CHANGES IN BOWEL HABITS
• BLOOD IN THE STOOL
• FATIGUE, WEIGHT LOSS, ANEMIA AND ANOREXIA
• RIGHT SIDED LESIONS – DULL ABDOMINAL PAIN AND MELENA
• LEFT SIDED LESIONS – ASSOCIATED WITH OBSTRUCTION , BRIGHT RED
BLOOD IN THE STOOL
• RECTAL LESIONS – TENESMUS, RECTAL PAIN, FEELING OF INCOMPLETE
EVACUATION OF STOOLS, ALTERNATING DIARRHEA AND
CONSTIPATION
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TEST
• CEA
• BARIUM ENEMA
• COLONOSCOPY WITH BIOPSY
STAGING OF COLON CANCER
MANAGEMENT
• ADJUVANT THERAPY
• 5 FLUOURACIL (5FU) PLUS LEUCOVORIN
• PELVIC IRRADIATION
MANAGEMENT
• SURGERY
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CURATIVE OR PALLIATIVE
SEGMENTAL RESECTION
ABDOMINO PERINEAL RESECTION
TEMPORARY COLOSTOMY
CONSTRUCTION OF COLOANAL RESERVOIR OF J POUCH