STATES OF
MATTER
SCIENCE, GRADE 6
WHAT IS MATTER?
Anything which has mass
and occupies space is
called MATTER.
Various forms/states of MATTER
01
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY
CHANGE OF STATE OF
MATTER?
A change of state is a physical change in a
matter. They are reversible changes and
do not involve any changes in the chemical
makeup of the matter. Common changes
of the state include melting, freezing,
sublimation, deposition, condensation, and
vaporization.
ALL MATTER IS MADE UP OF PARTICLES
These particles undergo changes which lead to
change in state.
FACTORS CAUSING
CHANGE OF STATE
HEAT/
TEMPERATURE
causing change
of state
CONDENSATION
EVAPORATION
CHANGE OF STATE
HEATING CURVE
TYPES OF CHANGES
Changes Between
Liquids and Solids
Changes Between
Liquids and Gases
Changes Between Solids
and Gases
MELTING
FREEZING
EVAPORATION
CONDENSATION
SUBLIMATION
DEPOSITION
CHANGES
BETWEEN LIQUIDS
AND SOLIDS
FREEZING
How would you make ice cubes in a tray? First, you would fill the tray
with water from a tap. Then you would place the tray in the freezer
compartment of a refrigerator. The freezer is very cold. What happens
next?
Heat transfer occurs between the warmer
tray and the colder air in the freezer. The
warm water loses heat to the cold air in the
freezer. This way liquid water is changed into
solid ice. The process of liquid water changing
to solid ice is termed as freezing. The
temperature at which it occurs is known as
the freezing point.
MELTING
If you took out the ice cubes from the
freezer and placed them in a warm room, the
ice would absorb energy from the warmer air
around them. The process in which a solids
change to a liquid is called melting. The
melting point is the temperature at which a
solids change to a liquid.
CHANGES
BETWEEN LIQUIDS
AND GASES
If you fill a pot with cold tap water and heat it on a hot stovetop, the
water heats up. Heat energy travels from the stovetop to the pot, and
the water absorbs the energy from the pot. What happens to the water
next?
VAPORIZATION
If the water is hot enough, it starts to boil.
Bubbles of water vapor are formed in the
boiling water. This happens as particles of
liquid water gain enough energy. The bubbles
rise through the water and escape from the
pot as steam. The process in which a liquid
boils and changes to a gas is called
vaporization. The temperature at which a
liquid boils is its boiling point.
CONDENSATION
When you take a hot shower in a closed
bathroom, the mirror is likely to fog up. You
may wonder why does this happen? Some hot
water from the shower evaporates and when it
comes in contact with cooler surfaces such as
the mirror, it cools and loses energy. They
come together and form droplets of liquid
water. This process in which a gas changes to
liquid is known as condensation.
CHANGES
BETWEEN LIQUIDS
AND GASES
Solids that change to gas passes through the liquid state first.
However, sometimes solids change directly to gases and skip the liquid
state. The reverse can also occur. Sometimes gases change directly to
solids.
SUBLIMATION
The process in which solids directly change
to gases is known as sublimation. This occurs
when solids absorb enough energy to
completely overcome the forces of attraction
between them. Dry ice is an example of solids
that undergo sublimation.
DEPOSITION
Deposition is the phase transition in which gas
transforms into solid without passing through
the liquid phase. ... The reverse of deposition
is sublimation and hence sometimes deposition
is called desublimation.
CHANGE OF
STATE
FEW EXAMPLES
FROM REAL LIFE
Frost is solid water that forms when
water vapor undergoes deposition.
Solid carbon dioxide changes directly to
the gaseous state
The water trapped in this pothole will
evaporate sooner or later.
Water dripping from a gutter
turned to ice as it fell toward the
ground, forming icicles.
Molten iron is poured into a mold at
a foundry. It takes extremely high
temperatures to change iron from a
solid to the liquid shown here.
DEFINITIONS
Five Changes of State
Melting
Freezing
Evaporation
The process by The process by The process by
which a
which a
which a
substance
substance
substance
changes from
changes from
changes from
the solid phase the liquid phase the liquid phase
to the liquid
to the solid
to the gaseous
phase is known phase is known phase is known
as melting.
as freezing.
as evaporation.
Condensation
Sublimation
The transition
The process by
of the solid
which a
phase to the
substance
gaseous phase
changes from
without passing
the gaseous
the
phase to the
intermediate
liquid phase is
liquid phase is
known as
known as
condensation.
sublimation.
CHANGE OF STATE DUE TO PRESSURE
The
particles
of
matter come closer
when
pressure
is
applied.
Matter can change state
application of pressure.
also
by
THANK
YOU