⑧
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome
Malignant
hyperthermia
Cause
ryanodine receptor 1 mutation
resulting in excess calcium
accumulation w/n muscle cells
Triggers
-inhaled Anesthesic likes
halothane and isoflurane
-Succinylcholine- a deplorazing
neuromuscular blockading
agent used to paralyze muscles
and aid intubation
Treatment
-Dantrolene inhibits ryandonine
receptor in myocytes
Cause
-prolonged exposure to
antidopaminergic medications
Autonomic
instability causing
fever, tachycardia,
HTN, diaphoresis
Hallmarks
-Hypoflexia with extreme
rigidity
- myoglobinuria r/t kidneys
filtering myoglobin into urine
Labs: ^ creatinine kinase
Muscle rigidity
No differences in
symptoms
Treatment
- Dantrolene prevents the
release of calcium from
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Implicatio
- Bromocriptine(dopamine
ns
agonists) Haloperid
ol
Fluphena
zine
Clozapin
e
Risperido
ne
Antiemeti
c
Serotonin syndrome
Implications
SSRI
MAOI
SNRI
TCA
Ondansteron
Triptans
Linezoid
Cause
Excess serotonin level from
serotonergic medications
Hallmarks
- hyperreflxia
-neuromuscular hyperactivity:
clonus(twitch), ataxia(impaired
coordination), & tremors
Treatment:
-cyproheptadine counteracts the
effects of serotonergic medications.