GREEN CHEMISTRY
Editor: Prof. Dr. Phan Thanh Sơn Nam
Lecturer : Dr. Nguyễn Đăng Khoa
Room 211 B2
Tel: 38647256 ext. 5681
Email: khoand1989@hcmut.edu.vn
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry_Content
12 weeks for 7 topics and seminars
Week 1: 12 Principles of green chemistry?
Week 2: Catalysis and green chemistry
Week 3: Solvent and green chemistry
Week 4: Reactors and green chemistry
Week 5: Renewable materials and chemistry
Week 6: Utilization of CO2 in organic synthesis or Biodegradable polymer
Week 7-12: Seminars
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Various seminar topics
1: Ionic liquid as green solvent
2: Water as green solvent
3: Supercritical CO2 as green solvent
4: Catalysis in organic synthesis
5: Biocatalysis in organic synthesis
6: Advances in using microreactor in organic synthesis
7: Advances in using ultrasound in organic synthesis
8: Advances in using microwave in organic synthesis
9: Transformation of biomass into valuable product
10: Renewable energy and green chemistry
11: Advance in producing Biofuels
12: Porous materials in water and air purification
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Assessment
- Mid-term: 20%
- 80%: final-term +seminar + …
Content for semi and final assessment
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
What does the Chemical Industry do
for us?
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
What does the Chemical Industry do
for the Earth?
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Chapter 1: Acid rain
By products from chemistry industry
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
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Chapter 1: Climate Change
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Chapter 1: Climate Change
- Disappearance of
Mekong Delta
underwater by 2100 due
to climate change
- Providing about 30
million tons of rice per
year
Nature Communications, 10, Article number: 3847 (2019)
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Chapter 1: Weapon
1.VX
2. Sarin
3.Tabun
4. Mustard Gas
5.Phosgene Gas
6.Chlorine
7. Orange agent
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
Yield is not enough !!!
• Yield = % of maximum possible quantity of
product
• But !!!
• Ignores auxiliaries (reagents, catalysts, solvents,
etc)
• Ignores work-up, purification
• Ignores energy used, hazards involved, toxic
chemicals
Conversion -
Yield - Selectivity
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
~ 100%: quantitative, > 90%: excellent, > 80%: very good,
> 70%: good, > 50%: fair, và < 40%: poor
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
C6H5COOK + HCl  C6H5COOH + KCl
Yield of benzoic acid synthesis is 55%. To produce 122 g of product:
a. How many gram of starting materials ?
b. How many gram of waste products ?
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
Chemical Engineering Design
Key Roles
Design chemical
processes
Optimize process
conditions
Yield chemical
products
SHE
issues
critical
Environment
Safety
Health
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
Atom
efficient
Safe
One step
Simple
THE IDEAL
100 % Yield
SYNTHESIS
No wasted
reagents
Available
materials
Environmentally
acceptable
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
What is green chemistry?
• The design of chemical products & processes
that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of
hazardous substances
• Discovery & application of new chemistry /
technology leading to prevention / reduction of
environmental, health & safety impacts at source
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Chapter 1: Green chemistry
History
• Pollution Prevention Act 1990
• Green chemistry Began in 1991 at
Environmental Protection Agency, Paul
Anastas
• 1996 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge
Awards
• 1997 Green Chemistry and Engineering
Conference
• 1999 Journal “Green Chemistry”
• Chemical & Engineering News
• 2001 Journal of Chemical Education
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
1. Prevent waste: Design chemical syntheses to
prevent waste, leaving no waste to treat or
clean up
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
2. Design safer chemicals and products: design
chemical products to be fully effective, yet have little
or no toxicity (Sản phẩm hóa học được thiết kế, tính toán
sao cho có thể đáp ứng tất cả tiêu chuẩn/chức năng và
giảm thiểu được tính độc hại)
3. Design less hazardous chemical syntheses: Design
syntheses to use and generate substances with little
or no toxicity to humans and the environment (Các
phương pháp tổng hợp được thiết kế nhằm sử dụng và tái
sinh các chất ít hoặc không gây nguy hại tới sức khỏe con
người và môi trường)
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
4. Use renewable feedstocks:
Use raw materials and
feedstocks that are
renewable rather than
depleting. Renewable
feedstocks are often made
from agricultural products
or are the wastes of other
processes; depleting
feedstocks are made from
fossil fuels (petroleum,
natural gas, or coal) or are
mined
Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
5.Use catalysts, not
stoichiometric
reagents: Minimize
waste by using
catalytic reactions.
Catalysts are used in
small amounts and can
carry out a single
reaction many times.
They are preferable to
stoichiometric
reagents, which are
used in excess and
work only once
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
6. Avoid chemical derivatives
(Giảm thiểu các sản phẩm trung
gian): Avoid using blocking or
protecting groups or any
temporary modifications if
possible (Hạn chế sử dụng các
phương pháp khóa/bảo vệ nhóm
chức hay các giai đoạn trung
gian)
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
7. Maximize atom economy (tối đa hóa chỉ số hữu hiệu
nguyên tử): Design syntheses so that the final product
contains the maximum proportion of the starting
materials (Sản phẩm cuối cùng chứa tỷ lệ tối đa các nguyên
liệu tham gia).
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
8. Use safer solvents
and reaction
conditions: Avoid
using solvents,
separation agents,
or other auxiliary
chemicals. If these
chemicals are
necessary, use
innocuous
chemicals
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
9. Increase energy efficiency (sử
dụng hiệu quả năng lượng): Run
chemical reactions at ambient
temperature and pressure
whenever possible (Các phương
pháp tổng hợp được tính toán sao
cho năng lượng sử dụng cho các
quá trình hóa học ở mức thấp nhất.
Nếu như có thể, phương pháp tổng
hợp nên được tiến hành ở nhiệt độ
và áp suất bình thường)
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
10. Design chemicals and products
to degrade after use (sản phẩm có
thể phân hủy sau sử dụng): Design
chemical products to break down
to innocuous substances after use
so that they do not accumulate in
the environment (khi thải bỏ chúng
có thể bị phân huỷ trong môi trường
thành các chất vô hại)
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
11. Analyze in real time to prevent pollution (phân tích online
để ngăn ngừa ô nhiễm): Include in-process real-time
monitoring and control during syntheses to minimize or
eliminate the formation of byproducts (phát triển các
phương pháp phân tích cho phép quan sát và kiểm soát việc
tạo thành các sản phẩm phụ không mong muốn).
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
12. Minimize the potential for accidents (Giảm thiểu nguy cơ
tai nạn): Design chemicals and their forms (solid, liquid,
or gas) to minimize the potential for chemical accidents
including explosions, fires, and releases to the
environment
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
P – Prevent wastes
R – Renewable materials
O – Omit derivatization steps
D – Degradable chemical products
U – Use safe synthetic methods
C – Catalytic reagents
T – temperature, pressure ambient
I – In-process monitoring
V – Very few auxiliary substances
E – E-factor, maximize feed in
product
• L – Low toxicity of chemical
products
• Y – Yes, it is safe
Productively
!!!
(Samantha Tang, Richard
Smith and Martyn
Poliakoff )
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
Green chemistry is about:
Waste
Materials
Hazard
Reducing
Risk
Energy
Environmental
Impact
COST
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Chapter 1: 12 principles of green chemistry
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Thanks you for your attention !!!
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