Bone Marrow
Bone marrow is a spongy substance found in the center of the
bones. It manufactures bone marrow stem cells and other
substances, which in turn produce blood cells. Each type of
blood cell made by the bone marrow has an important job.





Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues in the body.
Platelets stop bleeding by helping blood clot.
White blood cells fight infections.
Manufactures –
производит
stem cells –
стволовые
клетки
Platelets –
тромбоциты
White Blood Cells
blood clot –
тромб
Three very important types of white blood cells are essential to
the proper functioning of the body's immune system, which
fights infection:
Neutrophils нейтрофилы
Neutrophils and Macrophages — These white blood cells
fight bacterial and fungal infections by "eating" germs
Lymphocytes — These white blood cells fight bacterial, viral
and fungal infections. T lymphocytes, also called T cells, attack
viruses and other germs. T cells from the donor also can attack
the recipient resulting in a reaction called graft versus host
disease. T cells from the recipient can reject the donor bone
marrow cell resulting in graft failure. B lymphocytes make
antibodies which help destroy germs in our body.
Alternative Sources of Bone Marrow Stem Cells
Another source of bone marrow stem cells is the blood that
circulates in the veins and arteries of all normal people. These
stem cells are known as peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC).
Patients recovering from chemotherapy and healthy people
who are treated with certain drugs that stimulate the growth of
the bone marrow have relatively large numbers of PBSC in
their blood. The PBSC can be collected and used in certain
situations as a source of stem cells for transplantation.
Another source of stem cells is the blood found in the placenta
of a newborn baby once the umbilical cord is cut. Umbilical
cord blood (UCB) has been successfully used as a source of
bone marrow stem cells for transplantation in both related and
unrelated patients.
Macrophages мегалофаги
fungal грибковый
graft versus host
disease –
реакция ТПХ
(реакция
"трансплантат
против хозяина" реакция
иммунокомпетент
ных клеток
трансплантата на
антигены
реципиента после
трансплантации
peripheral blood
stem cells - СКПК
(стволовые
клетки
периферической
крови
Anatomy of the bone. The
bone is made up of compact
bone, spongy bone, and bone
marrow. Compact bone
makes up the outer layer of
the bone. Spongy bone is
found mostly at the ends of
bones and contains red
marrow. Bone marrow is
found in the center of most
bones and has many blood
vessels. There are two types of
bone marrow: red and yellow.
Red marrow contains blood
stem cells that can become
red blood cells, white blood
cells, or platelets. Yellow
marrow is made mostly of fat.
Task 1. Answer the following questions:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
What is a bone marrow?
What does the bone marrow manufacture?
Why does our body need lymphocytes?
What are the main alternatives for bone marrow stem cells?
Why do some people need a bone marrow transplant?
Task 2. Insert the correct words into the gaps:
Bone marrow is the soft, 1)_______________ tissue that has many blood vessels and
is found in the 2)______________ of most bones. There are two types of bone
marrow: 3)___________ and 4)_____________. Red bone marrow contains blood
5)_______________ that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.
Yellow bone marrow is made mostly of 6)_______________ and contains stem cells
that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells.