Atoms and Ions Practice Problems
1) What is the symbol of the element in Group 14 and Period 2?
A) C
B) Be
C) Si
D) Mg
E) Ca
1)
2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Group 1 elements (excluding hydrogen)?
A) They are good conductors of heat.
B) They are shiny.
C) They are good conductors of electricity.
D) They react vigorously with water.
E) Most of them are liquids at room temperature.
2)
3) List as many properties as you can that describe each of the following groups in the periodic table:
3)
A) Group 1
B) Group 2
C) Group 17
D) Group 18
E) Transition metals
4) Which of the following elements is a metal?
A) aluminum
B) nitrogen
C) silicon
D) fluorine
E) argon
4)
5) Name four elements that are considered metalloids:
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
6) The elements lithium, sodium, and potassium
A) are isotopes of each other.
B) have the same number of neutrons.
C) have the same mass.
D) are in the same period of elements.
E) are in the same group.
6)
7) In a neutral atom the number of ________ is always equal to the number of ________.
A) neutrons, electrons
B) protons, neutrons
C) protons + electrons, neutrons
D) protons, electrons
E) none of the above
7)
8) Hydrogen exists in nature primarily as three isotopes ("hydrogen" - 1 H, "deuterium" - 2 H, and
"tritium" - 3 H). These isotopes differ by the number of ________ contained in the atom.
8)
A) protons
B) neutrons
C) electrons
1
D) charges
9) A sample of chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes. The isotope Cl-35 makes up 75.8% of
the sample, and the isotope Cl-37 makes up 24.3% of the sample. Which of the following
statements is true?
A) The atomic mass will be 36.
B) The atomic mass will be less than 35.
C) The atomic mass will be greater than 37.
D) You cannot tell what the atomic mass will be (or even approximate).
E) The atomic mass will be between 35 and 37, but closer to 35.
10) If you could add one proton to the nucleus of an atom, what would this do to the:
9)
10)
A) Mass number
B) Atomic number
C) Element identity
D) Group number
E) Period number
11) If you could add one neutron to the nucleus of an atom, what would this do to the:
11)
A) Mass number
B) Element identity
C) Group number
D) Atomic number
E) Period number
12) If a neutral atom has 30 protons and 34 neutrons, the atomic number of the atom is:
A) 64.
B) 30.
C) 32.
D) 34.
E) 94.
13) If a neutral atom has 30 protons and 34 neutrons, the mass number of the atom is:
A) 94.
B) 32.
C) 34.
D) 64.
E) 30.
12)
13)
14) If a neutral atom has 30 protons and 34 neutrons, the number of electrons in the atom is:
A) 94.
B) 34.
C) 64.
D) 32.
E) 30.
14)
15) What is the mass number of an atom of potassium that has 20 neutrons?
A) 19
B) 35
C) 15
D) 39
E) 59
15)
16) How many protons are in an isotope of sodium with a mass number of 25?
A) 15
B) 32
C) 14
D) 11
E) 25
2
16)
17) What is the symbol for the ion with 19 protons and 18 electrons?
A) F+
B) K+
C) KD) F-
E) Ar+
18) The number of electrons in an atom with 34 protons and a 2- charge is
A) 30.
B) 34.
C) 32.
D) 36.
E) 38.
19) Identify the alkaline earth metal in the following list.
A) aluminum
B) potassium
C) iodine
E) iron
D) strontium
17)
20) Transition elements are located in the periodic table in
A) the first and second groups of the table.
B) groups 13-18.
C) the elements known as the representative elements.
D) periods 3-12.
E) groups 3-12.
18)
19)
20)
21) Identify the metalloid in the following list.
A) aluminum
B) copper
C) carbon
D) sulfur
E) antimony
22) The maximum number of electrons in any orbital is ________.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
21)
22)
23) The maximum number of electrons that may occupy the third electron energy level is
A) 8.
B) 10.
C) 32.
D) 18.
E) 2.
23)
24) What is the electron arrangement for a neutral atom of lithium?
A) 3
B) 2,5
C) 2,1
D) 3,1
E) 1,2
24)
25) What is the electron arrangement for a neutral atom of aluminum?
A) 2,8,5
B) 2,8,10
C) 2,8,3
D) 2,8,7
E) 2,8,8
26) What is the electron arrangement for a neutral atom of potassium?
A) 2,8,7,2
B) 2,10,7
C) 2,8,6,3
D) 2,8,8,1
E) 2,8,9
27) What is the electron arrangement for a neutral atom of zinc?
A) 2,8,9
B) 2,8,7,2
C) 2,8,6,3
D) 2,10,7
E) 2,8,18,2
28) What neutral element has the electron arrangement 2,8,4?
A) carbon
B) iron
C) sulfur
D) oxygen
E) silicon
29) What neutral element has the electron arrangement 2,8,7?
A) F
B) S
C) Cl
D) Be
E) Ar
30) Valence electrons are
A) electrons located in the lowest energy level of an atom.
B) the core electrons in an atom.
C) electrons that do not participate in ion formation and bonding.
D) the 8 highest energy electrons in the atom.
E) the electrons in the highest energy level of an atom.
3
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31) The number of electrons in the highest energy level of a neutral atom of boron is :
A) 10
B) 8
C) 5
D) 2
32) The number of valence electrons in a neutral atom of boron is:
A) 8
B) 2
C) 10
D) 5
E) 3
E) 3
31)
32)
33) In an electron-dot structure of an element, the dots are used to represent
A) the electron arrangement.
B) all of the electrons in the atom.
C) only the electrons that are involved in bonding..
D) the 8 highest energy electrons.
E) the valence electrons.
33)
34) Based on the periodic properties of the elements, which element should have physical and chemical
properties similar to chlorine?
A) O
B) S
C) Br
D) P
E) Ar
34)
35) How many valence electrons are in the electron-dot structures for the elements in group 2?
A) 6
B) 3
C) 2
D) 4
E) 1
35)
36) How many valence electrons are in the electron-dot structures for the elements in group 13?
A) 3
B) 2
C) 4
D) 1
E) 6
36)
37) How many valence electrons are in the electron-dot structures for the elements in group 16?
A) 6
B) 1
C) 3
D) 4
E) 2
37)
38) The number of dots in the electron dot structure of nitrogen is
A) one.
B) two.
C) three.
38)
D) four.
E) five.
39) The number of unpaired dots in the electron dot structure of nitrogen is
A) one.
B) two.
C) three.
D) four.
E) five.
40) The number of dots in the electron dot structure of carbon is
A) one.
B) two.
C) three.
E) five.
D) four.
41) The number of unpaired dots in the electron dot structure of carbon is
A) one.
B) two.
C) three.
D) four.
E) five.
42) Which of the following is the correct electron-dot structure for carbon?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
43) The number of unpaired dots in the electron dot structure of oxygen is
A) one.
B) two.
C) three.
D) four.
E) five.
44) The number of unpaired dots in the electron dot structure of helium is
A) one.
B) two.
C) three.
D) four.
E) zero.
4
39)
40)
41)
42)
43)
44)
45) The size of atoms
A) varies randomly with each element.
B) increases steadily with atomic number.
C) is the same for all elements - really small.
D) decreases as you go down within a group.
E) decreases from left to right across a period.
45)
46) Which of the following has the largest atomic radius?
A) Br
B) Ca
C) P
D) Al
E) Ne
46)
47) Ionization energy is
A) higher for potassium than for lithium.
B) lowest in the noble gases.
C) the energy required to remove all of the valence electrons.
D) is the energy needed to remove an electron from an element in its elemental form.
E) the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase.
47)
48) The ionization energy of atoms
A) varies randomly with each element type.
C) increases going down within a group.
48)
B) decreases going across a period.
D) decreases going down within a group.
49) Which of the following has the largest ionization energy?
A) Ne
B) Al
C) Br
D) Ca
E) P
49)
50) An anion always
A) has a positive charge.
B) has more protons than electrons.
C) forms from a metal.
D) forms covalent bonds.
E) has a negative charge.
50)
51) When forming an ion, ________ lose their valence electrons to form positively charged ________.
A) dingbats, wingnuts
B) nonmetals, cations
C) nonmetals, anions
D) metals, anions
E) metals, cations
51)
52) To form an ion, a sodium atom
A) gains seven electrons.
B) gains two electrons.
C) gains one electron.
D) loses seven electrons.
E) loses one electron.
52)
53) Elements in group 2 of the periodic table form ions with a charge of
A) 3+ .
B) 1+ .
C) 0.
D) 1- .
E) 2+ .
54) How many electrons will chlorine gain or lose when it forms an ion?
A) gain 2
B) gain 1
C) lose 3
D) lose 1
E) lose 7
5
53)
54)
55) How many electrons will aluminum gain or lose when it forms an ion?
A) gain 5
B) lose 2
C) lose 3
D) gain 1
E) lose 1
56) What is the correct formula for the oxide ion?
A) O+
B) O3+
C) O
D) O2-
E) O2+
57) What is the correct formula for the iron(II) ion?
A) Fe2+
B) Fe2C) Fe3-
D) Fe+
E) Fe3+
58) The name of the Cu+ ion is
A) copper.
B) copperide ion.
C) copper ion.
D) copper(II).
E) copper(I).
59) The charge on a sulfide ion is ________.
A) 0
B) 2-
55)
56)
57)
58)
C) 3-
D) 3+
E) 2+
60) The name of Cl- is
A) chlorine.
B) chlorine gas.
C) chlorite ion.
D) chlorine ion.
E) chloride ion.
59)
60)
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
61) Potassium has one valence electron.
61)
62) The octet rule indicates that atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to attain 8 valence electrons.
62)
63) Mercury is a metal.
63)
64) Tin forms two ions with charges of 2+ and 4+.
64)
65) Iron forms two ions with charges of 2+ and 4+.
65)
66) Copper forms two ions with charges of 1+ and 2+.
66)
67) Zinc forms two ions with charges of 1+ and 2+.
67)
6