Do Now - Retrieval
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Wednesday, 12 January 2022
Physics Revision
To know:
To understand &
apply:
To evaluate:
• Review and retrieve knowledge needed for
your Physics mock exams
• Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
• Evaluate your current knowledge and adjust
your revision accordingly
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Energy Resources
The main energy resources available for use on Earth include:
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•
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Fossil Fuels – Coal, Oil and Gas
Nuclear Fuel
Biofuel
Wind
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Tides
Sun
Water waves
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Renewable Energy Resource
A renewable resource is one that is being (or can be)
replenished as it is used e.g. solar, wind, tidal, wave
Non-Renewable Energy Resource
A non-renewable resource is one that is will run out because
it is a finite resource e.g. coal, oil, gas
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Energy Resource Uses Include
• Transport – Petrol, diesel, kerosene
• Electricity generation – Fossil fuels, nuclear, solar, wind,
• Heating – Gas, electricity
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Energy resource
Fossil fuels (oil, coal and
natural gases)
Energy store
Renewable or non-renewable
Uses
Transport, heating, electricity
High
generation
Chemical
Non-renewable
Nuclear fuels
Nuclear
Non-renewable
Electricity generation
Biofuel
Chemical
Renewable
Transport, heating, electricity
Medium
generation
Wind
Kinetic
Renewable
Electricity generation
Power output
Very high
Very low
Hydroelectricity
Gravitational potential
Renewable
Electricity generation
Medium
Geothermal
Internal (thermal)
Renewable
Electricity generation, heating Medium
Tides
Kinetic
Renewable
Sun
Nuclear
Renewable
Water waves
Kinetic
Renewable
Impact on environment
Releases CO2 (causes global
warming)
Radioactive waste (needs to be
disposed of safely)
'Carbon neutral' - little or no
effect on the environment.
Although growing biofuels can
take up land that could be
used for farming.
Takes up large areas that could
be used for farming. Windmills
change the landscape
Local habitats are affected by
the large areas that need to be
flooded to build dams
Very low
Tidal barrages can block
Potentially very high, but hard sewage which needs to go out
Electricity generation
to harness
to sea. Local habitats also
affected
Dependent on the weather
Electricity generation, heating and only available during
Very little
daylight
Electricity generation
Low
Very low
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Plugs
• Need a live wire (4) (its Potential difference changes
every second)
• Need a neutral wire (2) (connected to an Earth at the
local sub station).
• Some items also have an additional Earth (3) (metallic
items in particular).
• The case is made of an insulator.
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Potential Difference
Between the live wire and the Earth is 230V.
The neutral wire is at, or close to, 0V.
The Earth wire is at 0V.
Our bodies are at Earth potential, OV. Touching the live
wire produces a large potential difference across out
body. This causes current to flow through our body,
resulting in an electric shock.
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock
exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2
exam questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Direct Current (D.C.)
Cells and batteries supply current that always passes in the same direction.
Alternating Current (A.C.)
Alternating current is one that changes direction.
Main electricity in the UK is about 230V and has a frequency of 50Hz – What
does that mean?
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Radioactive Atoms
Many elements have different isotopes.
An isotope is an atom with same number of protons but a different number of
neutrons.
e.g. Carbon-14 and Carbon-12
Other isotopes tend to be radioactive as their nucleus is unstable, so decays
(breaks down) and emits radiation. Carbon-14 is an unstable isotope.
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Radioactive Decay
Decay is a random process.
You can not say when decay is going to happen.
You can not do anything to make decay happen. It is not affected by
temperature or chemical bonding.
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
There are three types of radiation (at GCSE):
- Alpha
- Beta
- Gamma
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Alpha
What is it?
Properties
Penetration
Effect in Electric Field
Ionising Power
Beta
Gamma
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Ernest Rutherford
Alpha – stopped by paper.
Beta – not stopped by paper,
stopped by aluminium foil
Later, gamma was discovered even more penetrating than beta
radiation.
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Penetration Power
- Alpha – Weak (stopped by
paper)
- Beta – Moderate (stopped by
Aluminium)
- Gamma – Highly (stopped by
thick block of lead)
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2 exam
questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Helium Nuclei
Electron
E/M Wave
Properties
Heavy
Formed when a neutron
converts to a proton and
electron.
No mass
Penetration
Weak – stopped by paper.
Range in air is just a few cm.
Moderate – stopped by
metal (5mm Al) or a few
metres of air.
Strong – stopped by lead.
Can travel log distances in air.
Effect in Electric Field
Positive – so affected by
electric field
Negative – so affected by
electric field
No charge
Ionising Power
Strongly Ionising
Moderate
Weakly Ionising
What is it?
Review and retrieve knowledge
needed for your Physics mock
exams
Apply key knowledge to level 2
exam questions
Evaluate your current knowledge and
adjust your revision accordingly
Keywords: Renewable, non-renewable, energy, energy resource, fossil fuel, DC, AC, mains electricity, frequency, voltage,
live, neutral, earth, three-core cable, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, electromagnetic wave
Radio
Wave
Radio was
invented
before the
microwave
Micro
Wave
Infra
Red
Next to Red
Visible
Light
Ultra
Violet
ROYGBI
V
Next to Violet
Look for the patterns and characteristics!
X-Rays
Gamma
Rays
Short
wavelength –
short names
Radio Waves
Features:
• Wavelengths longer than 1m.
• Can be diffracted.
• Produced by oscillations in
electrical circuits.
• Can be reflected off of the
Earth’s ionosphere.
• When absorbed they may
create alternating current
with the same frequency as
the radio wave itself.
Uses:
• Communication
• Broadcasting
• MRI – Magnetic
resonance imaging
Microwaves
Features:
• Wavelengths of
around 1mm to 1m.
Uses:
• Heating food
• Mobile phones
• Satellite
communication
• Wifi
Infra-Red Waves
Features:
• Cause a temperature
rise
• Emitted by hot objects
Uses:
• Infra-red cameras
• Cooking food – grills
• Remote controls
• Optical fibres
• Military radios
• Heaters
Visible Waves
Features:
• White light is made up
of seven colours.
• Detected by the
human eye.
• Can be reflected.
• Can be refracted.
Uses:
• Photography
• Illumination
• CDs
• DVDs
• Blu-Ray
• Surveying
Ultra-Violet Waves
Features:
• Higher frequency than
violet light.
• UV sensitive materials
absorb UV and re-emit it
as visible light.
• Can have hazardous
effects on human body
tissue – cause skin to age
prematurely, increase risk
of skin cancer.
Uses:
• Fluorescent lightbulbs
• Suntan
• Banknotes
• Kill germs in dirty
water
• Energy efficient lamps
X-Rays
Features:
• High energy
• Short wavelength
• Pass through soft tissue
• Absorbed by bones and teeth
• Can have hazardous effects
on human body tissue.
• Ionising radiation that can
cause mutations of genes
and cancer.
Uses:
• Medical imaging in
hospitals.
• Airport security
scanners
• Archaeology
Gamma Waves
Features:
• Short wavelength
• Very high frequency
• Can be produced by cosmic
events
• Highest energy waves
• Ionising radiation that can cause
mutations of genes and cancer.
• Originate from changes in the
nucleus of the atom.
• Can have hazardous effects on
human body tissue.
Uses:
• Radiotherapy - Kill
cancer cells
• Sterilise medical
equipment
• Detect leaks in pipes
• Medical tracers