Radioactivity
protons & neutrons, distance, stable, unstable, energy,
radioactivity, elements, process, ionizing radiation, alpha, proton
radiation; electrons, photon radiation – gamma rays, neutron
radiation, positive ions.
Decay - радиоактивный распад
Half-life – (период) полураспада
Penetrate – проникать
Heavy-charged – сильнозаряженный
strong force - сильное
взаимодействие
To give off – выделять
To disintegrate - распадаться
To emit – излучать
Ray – луч
Nucleus – ядро
Transmutation – превращение
Vocabulary exercises:
Make up little sentences
using the words given:
WORD FORMATION
To detect – detector –
detection
Important –
importance
To measure –
measurement
To emit – emission
Radiactive – radiation
Sense – sensitive
Part – particle
Penetrate –
penetrating penetration
Give opposites:
Low
Light
A positive
charge
The same
To absorb
To integrate
Clean
To leave
direct
1. Electrons, particles,
knock out, alpha
2. Radiation, dangerous,
is, background, not
3. the, in, atom, nucleus,
is, the, center, of
4. Must, controlled, be,
radioactivity
5. Nucleus, positively, is,
charged, the
Types of radiation. Penetrative properties
1.Alpha decay involves the emission of
alpha particles
2.Beta decay involves the emission of
beta particles
3.Proton radiation involves the emission
of protons
4.Gamma emission involves the emission
of gamma radiation
5.Neutron radiation involves the emission
of Neutrons
6.When the atom gives off gamma
radiation, no transmutation occurs as a
result.
am,
is,
are
Was,
were
Will
be
•emitted
•produced
•used
Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the verbs
1. Beta rays are emitted by radioactive materials.
2. Radioactivity is controlled by men
3. This process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged
particles and energy is called radioactivity
4. Any atom containing an unstable nucleus is called a radioactive
isotope
5. Radioactivity is the emission of radiation from an unstable atomic
nucleus. This emission of energy is called radioactive decay.
6. The radiation can be emitted in the form of a positively charged
alpha particle (α), a negatively charged beta particle(β), or gamma
rays (γ).
Translate from Russian into English. Remember Passive Voice forms
1. Уровень радиации на лодке замеряется постоянно.
2. Энергия выделяется в виде разных лучей.
3. Свойства проникновения альфа частиц определяются их
массой.
4. Нейтроны и протоны притягиваются друг к другу ядерной
силой.
5. Ресурсы урана ограничены.
6. Углекислый газ используется в качестве теплоносителя.
7. Эксперимент проводится с использованием радиоактивных
материалов.
8. Многие подводные лодки оборудованы ядерными
реакторами.
Make a summary of the text.
1. The
title of the text is….
2. The text deals with…..
3. First, the author states/ describes, shows,
illustrates, points out, analyses, ….
4. Second, _______ is /are stated, described,
analyzed, pointed out, shown.
5. Third,…
6. Then….
7. After that….
8. The text is illustrated with the picture of….
9. The text is interesting to naval cadets, naval
officers, students who study chemistry.
Read and translate the text : RADIOACTIVITY AND RADIATION
The Nucleus contains protons & neutrons held together by
strong forces. Strong forces are short-range forces that only work
over a very short distance; therefore, the bigger the nucleus, the
farther apart the protons & neutrons. As long as the protons &
neutrons remain together due to the strong force, the nucleus
remains stable. The bigger the nucleus, the more unstable it
becomes.
When the strong force is not large enough to hold the nucleus
together tightly, the nucleus can decay & give off matter & energy.
This process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged
particles and energy is called radioactivity. All elements with 83 or
more protons are radioactive. Any atom containing an unstable
nucleus is called a radioactive isotope.
Read and translate the text :
When radioactive atoms disintegrate or decays they emit one
or more particles. This process is called ionizing radiation. There
are the following forms of ionizing radiation: heavy charged
particles – alpha, proton radiation; light-charged particles –
electrons, photon radiation – gamma rays, X-rays; neutron
radiation.
Protons and neutrons leave the nucleus at a very high speed –
10 000 km\sec. Alpha particles knock out electrons from their
orbits. Atoms become positive ions.
Beta radiation is the flow of electrons or positrons. They
possess the same mass and charge, but they have a different
half-life. The charge and mass of beta particles are less than
those of alpha particles. Beta particles possess less ionization, but
their penetration is greater.
Explain the picture
Watch the movie about Radioactivity
When
neutronradiation
in an
Not allanuclear
unstable
nucleus
decays
consists
of
charged
Alpha
Particles
arean
into
a
proton,
it
emits
particles.
A2 gamma
ray
made
of
protons
+2
electron
called
the
beta
is a penetrating ray of
neutrons.
They
are more
particle.
This
process
is
energy emitted by an
known
asnucleus.
beta
decay.
Due
massive
and have
most
unstable
to
their smaller
mass
and
electric
charge.
These
Gamma
radiation
has
faster
speed,
beta
particles
lose
energy
noparticles
mass
and
no
charge.
have
more
penetrating
more
quickly
Like
X-rays
andwhen
visible
properties
than
alpha
light,
gamma with
raysmatter.
are
interacting
particles.
Beta particles
energy
waves
They possess the least
pass
through
paper, but
that
travel
through
penetrating
properties
can
beat
stopped
by aofthin
space
the
speed
and are
very damaging
sheet
of
metal.
light.
to biological molecules
within the body.