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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
➢Restorative Materials : Introduction
RESTORATIVE MATERIALS
➢Classification
Dental restorative materials are specially fabricated materials
➢Advantages and Disadvantages
designed to restore the function, integrity and morphology of
➢Choice of appropriate Restorative material
missing tooth structure, usually resulting from, but not limited
➢Success and Failure of Restorative Material
to, dental caries.
➢Summary
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LOSS OF TOOTH STRUCTURE DUE TO CARIES
CLASSIFICATION:
Temporary, intermediate and permanent
• Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) -Temporary
• Polymer reinforced cement (IRM) & improved ZOE – intermediate
• Direct filling gold, amalgam, composite, GIC, Porcelain, composite & cast metal
inlays and onlays - Permanent
AMALGAM
Amalgam is a metal alloy of which
one of the elements is mercury (Hg).
Direct and Indirect
• Amalgam, composite, GIC, direct filling gold - direct
• Porcelain, composite and cast metal inlays and onlays - indirect
Alloys
are
metals
that
are
a
combination of several elements.
Esthetic and non esthetic
• Composite , GIC & porcelain- esthetic
• Amalgam, direct filling gold, cast metal inlays and onlays – non esthetic
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CLASSIFICATION OF AMALGAMALLOYS:
AMALGAM
CLASSIFICATION OF AMALGAMALLOYS:
Based on copper content
• High Copper (13-30% copper)
• Low Copper (<6% copper)
Based on Zinc Content
• Zinc-containing (>0.01% zinc)
• Zinc –free (<0.01 % zinc)
Based on shape of the alloy particle
Advantages
• Spherical
• Spheroidal
• Lathe cut
▪ Inexpensive
Disadvantages
▪ Non adhesive
▪ Easy to use
▪ Requires mechanical retention
▪ Technique insensitive
Based on no of alloyed metals
Based on size of alloy
• Binary alloys, e.g., silver-tin
• Ternary alloys, e.g., silver-tin-copper
• Quaternary alloys, e.g., silver-tin-copper-indium
• Microcut
• Macrocut
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▪ Poor esthetics
▪ Durable
▪ Environmental and occupational hazards
▪ Marginal seal improves with time
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COMPOSITES
Restorative material composed of two
Essential Components :
phases: Matrix and Filler
Resin matrix/ binder — BisGMA or urethane dimethacrylate
bound
Filler — Quartz, colloidal silica or heavy metal glasses Coupling agent —
together by coupling agents
COMPOSITES:
COMPOSITES
Organo silanes
Advantages
Disadvantages
▪Adhesive
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪Esthetic
▪Reasonable wear
properties
▪Micromechanical bond to enamel
Further divided into macro-filled (70-
Additionally,they also contain:
80% filler), micro-filled (40-50 %
A curing system , Inhibitors, UV absorbers
▪
▪Minimal tooth preparation
required
Technique sensitive
Expensive
Time consuming
Post-operative
sensitivity
Polymerisation
shrinkage
Opacifiers — e.g. titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide
filler) & hybrid (75-80% filler )
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Color pigments — to match tooth color
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GLASS IONOMER CEMENT
First truly adhesive
restorative materials
COMPOSITION
Powder:
Liquid:
▪ Polyacrylic acid
▪ Tartaric acid &
▪ Water
▪Silica (SiO)2 — 41.9 %
Release fluoride over time
▪Alumina (Al2O3) — 28.6 %
Biomimetic- resembles
dentin
▪Aluminum fluoride (AlF3)
▪Calcium fluoride (CaF2) —
Supplied as powder/liquid
systems
15.7%
▪Sodium fluoride (NaF)
▪Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4)
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CLASSIFICATION OF GIC
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GLASS IONOMER CEMENT
Advantages
Type I — For luting
Type II — For restorations
▪ Esthetic
Type III— Liners and bases
▪ Fluoride leaching -anticariogenic
▪ Chemically bonds to enamel and
dentine
GIC : ESTHETICRESTORATION
Disadvantages
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪ Minimal tooth preparation
Brittle
Susceptible to erosion and wear
Sensitivity to moisture in the early setting
process
Esthetics not as good as resin- based
restorative materials
▪Higher moisture tolerance than resin-based
restorative materials
Difference between various types:
Various types of cements are chemically identical, but vary primarily
in the powder/liquid ratio and particle size.
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▪Biocompatible: low pulpal toxicity if applied to
intact dentine
▪Thermal expansion similar to enamel and
dentine
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INDIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS
OTHERS:
Indirect restorations are those restorations that are constructed outside the mouth.
Dental cements: zinc phosphate , zinc polycarboxylate,
Zinc oxide eugenol cement, calcium hydroxide cement
Based on amount of tooth material restored:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Metal reinforced GIC, highly viscous condensed GIC, resin
modified GIC
Compomers: resin cements
Inlays
Onlays
Veneers
Dental bridges
Crowns
Complex restorations
Classification by material:
•
•
•
•
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Metals
Ceramic materials
Ceramometals
Composite Materials
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SUMMARY:
SUCCESS AND FAILURE OF RESTORATION
CHOICE OF APPROPRIATE RESTORATIVE MATERIAL
The choice of material mainly depends on:
➢A wide range of restorative materials available
➢Depends upon:
➢Location and extent of caries
➢Have different properties to meet the requirements
➢Age and sex of patient (esthetic reasons)
▪Material
➢Advantages and disadvantages of different materials
➢Strength of material desired
▪Contamination during restoration
➢Choice of material
➢Economic factors
▪Technical expertise
➢Success and failure of restoration
➢Allergy to specific material
▪Oral hygiene
▪Dietary habits
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CLASSIFICATION:
REFERENCES:
Temporary, intermediate and permanent
• Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) -Temporary
• Polymer reinforced cement (IRM) & improved ZOE – intermediate
• Direct filling gold, amalgam, composite, GIC, Porcelain, composite & cast metal
inlays and onlays - Permanent
THANK YOU
Direct and Indirect
• Amalgam, composite, GIC, direct filling gold - direct
• Porcelain, composite and cast metal inlays and onlays - indirect
Esthetic and non esthetic
• Composite , GIC & porcelain- esthetic
• Amalgam, direct filling gold, cast metal inlays and onlays – non esthetic
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