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Introduction to the Science and
Engineering of Materials
ENGG042/ME052B
Disclaimer: The contents of this module were compiled from many different sources as indicated in
the references and are not owned by the professor.
Background
• Materials science and engineering is concerned with the generation
of basic knowledge involving the composition, structure, processing,
and application of materials based on their properties.
• Materials science and engineering includes the study of metals,
ceramics, semiconductors, dielectrics, glasses, polymers, composites,
and natural substances like wood, fibers, sand, and stone.
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Objectives
1. To understand the meaning of materials and engineering
2. To explain types of materials used in the field of engineering as well
as their properties and applications.
Classes of Materials
• metals
• polymers
• ceramics
• composites
https://www.teachengineering.org/content/uoh_/lessons/uoh_matlsci/uoh_matlsci_lesson01_intropresentation_v4_tedl_dwc
https://www.teachengineering.org/content/uoh_/lessons/uoh
_matlsci/uoh_matlsci_lesson01_intropresentation_v4_tedl_dw
c.pdf
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Classes of Materials (cont.)
1. Metals
- iron
- copper
- steel (iron alloy)
- nickel
- magnesium
2. Ceramics
- clay
- silica glass
- alumina
- quartz
3. Polymers
- polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- Teflon
- various plastics
- glue (adhesives)
- nylon
4. Composites
- wood
- carbon fiber resins
- concrete
Metals
• Good conductor
• Has lustrous appearance
• Thermal conductor
• High strength
• Ductile
• Magnetic
• Metallic bonding (no transfer or sharing of electrons)
• Medium melting point
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Uses
• Electrical wire
• Plumbing
• Construction
• Transportation
• Consumer Goods
Polymers
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Mainly organic
Large molecules
Low density
Ductile (can be stretched 10 time its original length)
Lightweight
Resistant to corrosion
Low melting point
Typically amorphous
Covalent bonding
Molecular attraction: London forces
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Uses
• Food storage (like Ziploc)
• Plumbing (PVC)
• Construction (electric wiring, wall covering, water proofing)
• Transportation ( car breaks, car tires)
• Consumer Goods (cookware, celfone case, contact lenses)
Ceramics
• Hard
• Brittle
• Combination of metals and nonmetals
• Typically covalent bonding and ionic bonding
• Corrosion resistant
• Electrical insulators
• Thermal insulators
• Oxidation resistant
• Can withstand high temperature (refractory)
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Uses
• Electronic device ( ceramic insulators in TV, computer chips)
• Sewer system
• Construction (window glass, bricks, roofs)
• Transportation (car components)
• Consumer Goods (cookware, toilets, mugs, knives, eyeglasses)
Composites
• Mixture of two different materials
• Strong
• Better properties than constituent materials
• Corrosion resistant
• Durable
• Excellent performance even at high temperature
• Bonding and other properties depend on the materials combined
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Uses
• Electrical (motor control, circuit breaker, metering device)
• Plumbing (composite pipes)
• Construction (doors, building, roads, bridges)
• Transportation ( boats, interior components, bicycle frame)
• Consumer Goods (furniture, suitcases, jewelry)
Future of materials science
• Smart or sophisticated materials to preserve the environment or
more environmental-friendly
• Efficient and safe use of nuclear power
• Improved performance of vehicle due to light-weight materials
• Efficient use of solar energy
• New materials with better properties.
• Materials that will lessen dependence on use of metals
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References
Callister, William D. and Rethwisch, David G. (2011). Material Science and
Engineering(8th ed.). John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
MSE 2090: Introduction to the Science and Engineering of Materials(n.d.).
Retrieved July 9,2020 from http://people.virginia.edu/~lz2n/
Introduction to Material Science and Engineering (n.d.). Retrieved October 7, 2020
from
https://www.teachengineering.org/content/uoh_/lessons/uoh_matlsci/uoh_matlsc
i_lesson01_intropresentation_v4_tedl_dwc.pdf
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