Enduring Visions Chapter 7 “Launching an New Republic” Reading Guide Homework Vocabulary and Identifications Using your reading identify and explain the historical significance of the following terms. If a word is not thoroughly explained in the text, use other resources (i.e. dictionaries, websites). § Judiciary Act of 1789: The Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress will create district courts. Congress determines how many justices there will be, 6. Now the supreme court will hear any case involving a federal official and will hear any case that challenges the constitutionality of a state law. § Bill of Rights: The Bill of Rights guarantees essential rights and civil liberties, such as the right to free speech, the right to bear arms, and the right to a fair trial. It also protects the role of the states in the American government. § Hamilton’s Report on Public Credit, 1790: It called for payment in full on all government debts as the foundation for establishing government credit. § James Madison: James Madison, America's fourth President. He made a major contribution to the ratification of the Constitution by writing The Federalist Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. § Strict v. Loose Interpretation of the Constitution (necessary & proper clause): Strict interpretation says that the Constitution states that the government of the United States holds only those powers specifically granted to it by the Constitution. Loose interpretation of the Constitution says that the government of the United States hold all powers that are not specifically denied to it by the Constitution. § Whiskey Rebellion: The first significant challenge to constitutional authority. Farmers of whiskey are furious about this tax. The farmers organize a militia of 500 and terrorize tax collectors. They destroy private property and physically assault tax collectors. Washington will create an army of 15,000 and send them to PA, and the militia will surrender and disperse. § Federalists v. Democratic Republicans: Federalists wanted a strong central government, they believed that it was necessary. Federalists included John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, John Marshall, Charles Pinckney. Democratic Republicans wanted a small local government. Democratic Republicans included Thomas Jefferson, James Madison. § Citizen Edmond Genet: Citizen Edmond Genet was a diplomat who represented the French government. He was furious about the Proclamation of Neutrality. He held rallies across America telling Americans to defy Washington’s proclamation and telling them to become privateers. § Jay’s Treaty: Jay’s treaty was supposed to accomplish a couple things such as, getting the British out of the NorthWest territory and to deal with impressment. Jays’ treaty gets the British out of the NorthWest territory, but it doesn’t say anything about impressment. Northerners hate the treaty, and they protest against Washington. The pushback of this treaty is a big part of why Washington decides not to rerun for president. § Pinckney's Treaty: A treaty from Spain, which had 4 terms all which America liked. It gives Americans the right of deposit at NOLA, American farmers can us the port of New Orleans tax free. It also creates the 31 parallel, the border of Florida. Spain also promises to stop arming Native Americans against settlers in these areas. They also promise to dismantle any forts that are within US borders. st Washington’s Farewell Address: Washington warns America not to get involved with European affairs. Washington says to not make permanent alliances. Washington says to avoid forming political parties because he sees what they can do to relationships. Washington says to avoid sectionalism. Washington promotes the federal system. XYZ Affair: Before the delegation could meet with Talleyrand 3 French ministers, x,y,z, stopped them. X,Y,Z request a bribe from the American delegation. If the Americans pay, then they will set up a meeting with Talleyrand. If they don’t pay then there will be not meeting. The American delegates refuse to pay and then word comes back to America the US, there’s an anti-French sentiment. John Adams says that they would rather spend millions on militarizing than spend a cent on a bribe from the French. § Quasi War with France: An undeclared war between the United States and France, the Quasi-War was the result of disagreements over treaties and America's status as a neutral in the Wars of the French Revolution. It was a naval war fought mostly in the Caribbean. American vessels aren’t navy, they are merchant vessels. John Adams tells the ships to act in self-defense, he arms the US harbors, and partially expands the military He does not go to congress and ask for a declaration of war. § Alien and Sedition Acts: The Alien Act authorized the president to deport any illegal immigrant considered dangerous and allowed the president to detain any immigrants in time of war. Allows the president to single handedly do this without due process. The Sedition Act makes it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize the president or congress, for anything. It fines the people who violate this law. § Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. Their resolutions is that a state legislature could declare federal laws null and void within its own. § Election of 1800 – Why’s it a “revolution”? Because this is the first-time power has changed political parties. From federalist to Republic. § “Republican Motherhood”: Republican motherhood was the ideology representing women's before, during, and after the American Revolution. It was based around the idea that daughters and mothers should be taught to uphold ideas of Republicanism. They would pass their Republican values to further generation. § Fugitive Slave Law, 1793: Fugitive Slave Act authorized local governments to seize and return escapees to their owners and imposed penalties on anyone who aided in their flight. § Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney's cotton gin, enabled the rapid separation of seeds from cotton fibers. The machine helped make cotton a profitable export crop in the southern United States and further promoted the use of slavery for cotton cultivation. § Gabriel Prosser and Gabriel’s Rebellion, 1800: Gabriel's Conspiracy was a plan by enslaved African American men to attack Richmond and destroy slavery in Virginia. It is one of the most important uprisings against the government in the history of North American slavery. Themes Respond to the following paragraph form (complete sentences). Answers need to be complete and thoroughly address all aspects of the question. -Explain the Hamilton’s reasoning in support of a loose interpretation of the US Constitution and Jefferson’s in defense of strict interpretation. Alexander Hamilton favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution which meant that the document permitted everything that wasn’t specifically forbidden. He favored this because that meant that he could do what he wanted in developing America, especially doing things that benefited him. Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution which meant that you can’t do anything if it doesn’t say so in the Constitution. -Why did President Washington make his farewell address? What advice did it offer his fellow citizens? George Washington made his farewell address to say to the people that he was stepping down from office and not going to be running for president again. The advice he offered was to avoid getting involved with European affairs, do not make permanent alliances, avoid forming political parties, avoid sectionalism and focus on nationalism, and to promote the federal system.
